SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “elevated iron concentrations”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

411 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed2026

A point-of-use SERS assay for rapid detecting difenoconazole and flusilazole residues in fruit juices using Au/COF substrate.

We developed a ready-to-use surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for rapid, pretreatment-free detection of difenoconazole (DIF) and flusilazole (FLU) in peach and lychee juices. The substrate combines Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) with covalent organic frameworks (COF) and is implemented on a portable 25-well plate, enabling in situ testing. Juices can be directly applied to the SERS-active Au/COF composite, allowing simultaneous adsorption and signal generation. The correlation between SERS intensity and logarithmic concentration yielded R-values between 0.925 and 0.986, meeting the monitoring needs of non-laboratory scenarios. The entire workflow completes within 12 min, offering a faster alternative to conventional methods while maintaining high sensitivity and reproducibility. Detection limits reach 0.96-1.22 ppb for DIF and FLU, both of which are below the regulatory maximum residue limits. Distinct SERS fingerprints enable reliable discrimination of mixed residues across juice matrices, supporting rapid on-site monitoring and cost-effective pesticide surveillance.

Triazoles↗

PubMed2026

Hepatotoxicity of OBS: A review of the emerging PFOS substitute.

As an alternative to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), sodium perfluorononenyl oxobenzene sulfonate (OBS) is widely used due to its cost-effectiveness. Multiple studies have shown that the liver is a classic target organ for OBS. However, there is currently no systematic review on the hepatotoxic effects of OBS. This review systematically summarizes the exposure characteristics of OBS in the environment and human populations, as well as its mechanisms of liver toxicity. In vivo studies consistently demonstrate that OBS induces hepatotoxic effects, such as hepatomegaly, vacuolization, elevated serum transaminases, and lipid dysregulation, though the manifestation of these phenotypes varies across species and exposure routes. In vitro evidence further shows that OBS reduces cell viability and survival, and triggers necrosis accompanied by inflammation. Mechanistically, oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and metabolism disorder are implicated. Critically, most existing work addresses subacute or subchronic exposure, leaving a gap in chronic risk assessment for long-term, low-dose OBS exposure. Moreover, mechanistic studies have focused predominantly on downstream transcriptional and signaling changes, with limited exploration of upstream epigenetic controls. Overall, this study aims to provide a comprehensive reference for future toxicological investigations and liver injury risk assessments related to OBS exposure.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Nephropathies Associated with Sickle Cell Trait and How to Study Them.

Sickle cell trait (SCT), which carries a single point mutation in the hemoglobin-β (HBB) gene, has long been considered a benign condition. However, epidemiological evidence challenges this assumption, revealing that individuals with SCT face an elevated risk of renal dysfunction. However, this field of study remains ill-defined as it has focused on sickle cell disease (SCD), where renal complications are severe. As SCT is more prevalent than SCD, consequences of nephropathies in this group translate into a substantial and largely unaddressed public health burden. Clinical data, primarily observational, implicate age and sex in the development of SCT-associated nephropathies. These manifestations span glomerular hyperfiltration, tubular damage, hematuria, renal papillary necrosis, renal medullary carcinoma, and progression to chronic kidney disease, all complications that cluster disproportionately in older male individuals. Despite this, the mechanistic basis of SCT nephropathy, the thresholds at which renal injury becomes clinically significant, and the optimal strategies for early identification and prevention remain inadequately defined. In vitro studies have primarily focused on SCD blood cell biology, with SCT receiving comparatively little attention. Humanized murine models (i.e., Berkeley and Townes) have recapitulated some SCT-associated renal phenotypes but need to be more fully characterized. This review aims to provide an overview of the biology of sickle cell trait nephropathies, the gaps in our knowledge, and the model systems we can use to fill those gaps.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

A smartphone-integrated Pt@Cu-HCF nanozyme-based paper sensor for on-site determination of total antioxidant capacity in marine oils.

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) serves as a key indicator for evaluating the nutritional quality of foods. In this study, we designed a platinum-embedded copper hexacyanoferrate (denoted as Pt@Cu-HCF) nanozyme that exhibits high oxidase-like activity, efficiently catalyzing the oxidation of chromogenic substrates to generate robust colorimetric signals. Antioxidants quench hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) produced during the catalytic process, leading to a concentration-dependent suppression of the color signal. Leveraging this mechanism, a smartphone-integrated, colorimetric paper sensor for on-site TAC quantification was developed, using vitamin E as the calibration standard. The sensor was applied to determine TAC in fish oil, algal oil, and krill oil, demonstrating a linear response range of 9.78-312.5 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.41 μM. Validation using real-world marine oil samples showed excellent agreement with a commercial assay kit, confirming the reliability and practical applicability of this portable sensor for TAC measurement in complex biological matrices.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed2026

Oxidative potential of fresh vs. O₃-aged PM2.5 across urban and rural sources in China.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major health risk, yet its impacts are still largely assessed using mass concentration, which does not capture toxicity. Recently, oxidative potential (OP) has emerged as a more relevant metric, reflecting the ability of particles to generate reactive oxygen species. A current challenge, especially in China, is understanding how emission sources and ozone (O3) aging affect PM2.5 toxicity, given that O3 is an increasingly important pollutant there. A work by Ma and co-workers published in J. Environ. Sci. (doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2024.04.023) addressed this by evaluating the OP of fresh and O3-aged PM2.5 from multiple sources in China using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Biomass burning particles exhibited the highest OP, up to 35 times greater than suburban PM2.5, driven by water-soluble organics and transition metals. While O3 aging generally reduced OP, it also induced complex chemical transformations. These findings highlight that PM2.5 toxicity is dynamic and source-dependent, underscoring the need to move beyond mass-based air quality metrics.

Particulate Matter↗

PubMed2026

Mitochondrial translocation of DNMT3L suppresses oxidative phosphorylation and restrains megakaryopoiesis.

DNMT3L, a catalytically inactive member of the DNA methyltransferase family, is identified here as a negative regulator of megakaryopoiesis. In K562 cells undergoing PMA-induced megakaryocytic differentiation, DNMT3L protein levels declined progressively, and shRNA-mediated depletion enhanced differentiation, whereas overexpression attenuated it. Consistent with these findings, Dnmt3l-knockout mice exhibited elevated peripheral blood platelet counts and expanded bone marrow megakaryocytes. Mechanistically, megakaryocytic differentiation triggered rapid mitochondrial translocation of DNMT3L within 6 h; mitochondrial DNMT3L suppressed oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity and ATP production and downregulated mitochondrial-encoded genes spanning Complex I, III, IV, and ATP synthase, without altering mitochondrial DNA copy number. This metabolic suppression was mediated through compartment-specific remodeling of DNMT3L-containing protein complexes: upon differentiation, DNMT3L selectively dissociated from DNMT1 and DNMT3B in mitochondria, relieving the repressive constraint on OXPHOS, whereas in the nucleus DNMT3L remained associated with DNMT3A, which concomitantly accumulated during differentiation. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism by which a catalytically inactive epigenetic co-regulator spatially redistributes to coordinate mitochondrial metabolic output with nuclear epigenetic control, thereby facilitating terminal megakaryocytic maturation.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

LC-IMS-MS profiling of avocado acetogenins reveals tissue-dependent distribution and cultivar-specific metabolic signatures.

This study presents a comprehensive characterisation of acetogenin-related metabolites in avocado using an LC-IMS-MS workflow. A total of 26 metabolites were semi-quantified across peel, pulp and seed tissues from three cultivars (Hass, Bacon and Fuerte). The integration of ion mobility spectrometry enabled the generation of the first experimental database of collision cross section (CCS) values for avocado acetogenins, improving confidence in metabolite annotation. Results revealed a pronounced tissue-dependent distribution, with seeds and pulp as the primary reservoir of several acetogenins, whereas the peel consistently exhibited lower concentrations. In contrast, acetogenin levels remained largely stable throughout ripening. Clear cultivar-dependent differences were observed, with Hass displaying a distinct metabolic profile compared to Bacon and Fuerte. Multivariate analysis confirmed these findings, showing tissue-dependent cultivar differentiation. This study provides new insights into avocado chemical diversity and highlights the potential of avocado by-products as consistent and promising sources of bioactive acetogenins.

Persea↗

PubMed2026

Liver Cancer Risk and Incidence Attributable to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Meta-Analysis and Population-Attributable Modeling Study of Over 1.2 Million Individuals.

HIV-induced immune suppression and chronic inflammation elevate the risk of cancer progression. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between January 1, 1984 and October 13, 2023 to assess the association between HIV infection and liver cancer. People living with HIV (PLHIV) had a higher risk (pooled relative risk = 3.36, 95% CI: 2.72-4.15). The global PAF for HIV-attributed liver cancer was 1.43% in 2019, with a three-fold increase over the past 30 years. The Asia-Pacific region recorded the second highest new cases of HIV-attributed liver cancer in 2019, and the highest age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) in Eastern and Southern Africa. Particularly, the ASIR of HIV-attributed liver cancer increased rapidly in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, with the highest estimated annual percentage change reaching 22.98%. PLHIV have an increased risk and incidence of liver cancer. In regions with high burden of HIV-attributed liver cancer, it is essential to integrate prevention and effective treatment for HIV, viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and liver cancer.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Exploring the mechanism of aroma production in fermented cherry juice by L. brevis LD1.0600 using flavomics and whole genome analysis.

This study focused on L.brevis LD1.0600 with excellent fermentation traits: it analyzed genome-wide key regulatory genes for micro-metabolites, combined with fermented cherry juice flavor metabolomics data, and used machine learning to explore correlations between gene regulation, metabolite production, and flavor formation. The SVM model screened and verified fermented cherry juice VOCs; through OAV and flavor wheel analysis, LD1.0600 emerged as the top-performing strain, with a sweet, fruity dominant aroma. Key aroma-active components (OAV > 100) included 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, benzaldehyde, 2-methyl-butanoic acid and hexanoic acid, and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and hexanoic acid elevated by LD1.0600-regulated genes (Chrom1-001884, Chrom1-000925, fabF and Chrom1-000199). At the same time, through research, a "strain screening-SVM screening of DVCs-OAV screening of key aroma components-whole genome sequencing of flavor regulatory genes" system was established. This system can not only be applied to the screen fermentation strains, but also can be extended to the application of other fermentation products.

Fermentation↗

PubMed2026

In Situ Hybridization and RT-PCR Detection of Nervous Necrosis Virus in Fourfinger Threadfin, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, in Taiwan.

Between April and July 2020, suspected outbreaks of nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection were observed in fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum) fingerling hatcheries in Pingtung County, southern Taiwan. Affected fish exhibited spiral swimming behaviour and abdominal distension, resulting in mortality rates between 50% and 100%. Histopathological examination showed severe vacuolation in the brain and ocular tissues, with large oval and/or irregular basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the brain. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral replicase (RNA1) and capsid protein (RNA2) genes revealed high nucleotide sequence identities among the isolates in this study, with sequence similarity rates of 96.9%-99% for RNA1 and 98.2%-99.0% for RNA2 compared to RGNNV reference strains available in the NCBI GenBank database. This is the first detection of betanodavirus in fourfinger threadfin in Taiwan, using RT-PCR and ISH. A positive correlation between elevated water temperatures and disease severity indicates the need for year-round surveillance and genomic analysis to clarify the epidemiology of FTNNV. The data suggest that infected eggs may facilitate the vertical transmission of Betanodavirus. Crucially, utilising virus-free broodstock, alongside routine health screening and environmental control, is essential for mitigating NNV risks in fourfinger threadfin aquaculture.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Design of an innovative framework based hybrid catalyst for simultaneous and sensitive monitoring of food additive and preservative of vanillin and nitrite in direct samples.

As vanillin (VAN) and nitrite (NIT) contamination in the food chain poses substantial threats to environmental and public health, rapid and portable detection is essential. The present study presents the first electrochemical sensor report based on a hybrid composite of Ni-TPA-MOF and MoS2/Co3O4. The oxidation of VAN and NIT exhibited sharp peaks and less over-potential on Ni-TPA-MOF/MoS2/Co3O4/GCE than on control electrode surfaces. On modified composite electrode surfaces, pH and scan rate were investigated for VAN and NIT. Further, the oxidation current exhibited high linearity at VAN and NIT concentrations of 5 nM-1000 μM and 3 nM-1250 μM, with detection limits of 0.102 nM and 0.073 nM (S/N = 3). We also applied anti-interfering ability (five/ten-fold excess of co-interfering compounds) and practical tests to various food-based real samples, with high recoveries of 98.85-102.41%. This study highlights the catalytic properties of Ni-TPA-MOF/MoS2/Co3O4 and demonstrates the sensor as a promising tool for food safety.

Benzaldehydes↗

PubMed2026

A transcription factor-focused CRISPR screen identifies SKI as a BCL11A-independent repressor of ζ-globin.

The regulation of α-like globin genes, particularly the embryonic ζ-globin gene (HBZ), remains incompletely understood. To identify transcriptional regulators of HBZ, we establish a GFP reporter system based on the HBZ-P2A-GFP allele in erythroid cell lines and conduct a CRISPR/Cas9 screen targeting 1639 transcription factors. This screen identifies SKI as a potent HBZ repressor. Functional validation shows that SKI loss increases HBZ expression without impairing erythropoiesis, whereas SKI overexpression suppresses HBZ. Tet-on-inducible SKI overexpression and auxin-inducible SKI degradation indicate that SKI rapidly represses HBZ transcription. Transcriptome profiling further reveals that SKI deletion activates HBZ while minimally affecting other erythroid genes. Mechanistically, genome-wide occupancy analyses show that SKI binds the distal enhancers HS-10 and HS-40, with partial co-occupancy by BCL11A. Despite this overlap, dual knockout of SKI and BCL11A synergistically increases HBZ expression, as does base editing of the SKI-binding site within HS-10. We also identify a naturally occurring variant (chr16:193207G>A) within this enhancer in α-thalassemia patients with elevated ζ-globin levels. Together, these findings establish SKI as a direct, BCL11A-independent transcriptional repressor of ζ-globin. This work advances our understanding of globin gene regulation and suggests targeted ζ-globin reactivation as a potential therapeutic strategy for α-thalassemia.

Enhancer↗

PubMed2026

Toxicological effects of propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate on gallstone pathogenesis: An integrated mendelian randomization, network toxicology, and experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Gallstone disease is a prevalent digestive disorder with substantial global socioeconomic burden. Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (PP), a widely used paraben preservative, exhibits potential metabolic and hepatic toxicity, yet its role in gallstone pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the causal association between PP exposure and gallstone formation and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Network toxicology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation were applied to screen for core targets. In vivo experiments, transcriptome sequencing, Western blot (WB), and ELISA were conducted for mechanistic validation. RESULTS: MR confirmed a causal link between circulating PP levels and an elevated risk of gallstones (P < 0.05), with AKT1 identified as the key target. In mice, PP aggravated gallstone formation by activating the AKT1-NF-κB-CXCL1 pathway, enhancing hepatic inflammation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation; these effects were reversed by AKT inhibition. CONCLUSION: PP promotes gallstone formation via the AKT1-NF-κB-CXCL1-NETs axis. Our findings highlight PP as an environmental risk factor for gallstones, providing novel insights into their prevention and targeted therapy.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Functional neuroimaging subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibits substantial clinical heterogeneity that may reflect underlying neurobiological diversity. Neuroimaging-based subtyping may advance precision psychiatry by identifying biologically distinct subgroups with differential treatment responses. This study systematically synthesized evidence from functional neuroimaging subtyping studies in OCD to identify reproducible neurobiological subtypes, characterize their clinical profiles, and establish a consensus-based classification framework. We reviewed 40 original studies employing machine learning, clustering, normative modeling, or classification approaches, encompassing approximately 8,150 patients. Consensus clustering identified three reproducible neurobiological subtypes. The Limbic-Hyperactive subtype, comprising approximately 40% of patients, exhibited amygdala and insula hyperconnectivity, elevated anxiety levels, predominant contamination and washing symptoms, and favorable response to cognitive-behavioral therapy. The Fronto-Striatal-Hypoconnected subtype, comprising approximately 35% of patients, demonstrated reduced orbitofrontal-striatal connectivity, cognitive inflexibility, predominant checking and ordering symptoms, and a favorable response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The Global-Disrupted subtype, comprising approximately 25% of patients, exhibited widespread connectivity disruption, greater symptom severity, and poor treatment response. Support vector machine classification achieved 81.5% accuracy for subtype assignment, though classification of OCD versus healthy controls showed limited generalizability in multisite settings (AUC 0.567-0.673). These findings support a neuroimaging-based framework for personalized treatment selection but require prospective validation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Influenza as a Less Commonly Recognized Cause of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyper-inflammatory condition that can be triggered by viral infections. However, influenza is not commonly recognized as a cause of HLH, and there is no comprehensive synthesis of influenza-associated HLH in the literature to guide clinicians. We conducted a systematic search of Pubmed and Embase to identify case reports and case series on influenza-associated HLH, and included 29 articles involving 47 patients. Their age ranged from 2 months to 72 years. 67% were males. Influenza A accounted for 91.3% of the cases, predominantly H1N1 (90.2%). All patients had fever, 60% had anemia, 69.7% had thrombocytopenia, 46.6% had leukopenia, 61.3% had splenomegaly, 71.4% had hypertriglyceridemia, and 94.7% had elevated ferritin levels. 97.6% had hemophagocytosis on biopsy. Antiviral therapy was administered in 89.5% of patients. HLH-directed therapy included corticosteroids (77%), intravenous immunoglobulin (36%), and etoposide (23.1%). Intensive care was required in 95.2% of cases. Overall survival was 53.2%. Survival rate was 50% among patients who received either antiviral therapy alone or HLH-directed therapy alone, compared with 65.4% among those who received both. Further studies are necessary to establish standardized diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for influenza-associated HLH.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A Letter Matters: ADRB2 rs1042713 c.46A Modulates Anti-osteogenic Effect of Epinephrine in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease affecting millions worldwide, characterized by long-term asymptomatic development that manifests in low-energy fractures. Due to their high stability, genetic markers represent a promising strategy for early diagnostics. The ADRB2 rs1042713 polymorphism is one such marker, considered as a potential predictor for OP. Although the anti-osteogenic role of the β2-adrenergic receptor is well-established, debate continues on which allele (G or A) of this polymorphism drives bone deterioration. In this study, we examined the influence of the ADRB2 rs1042713 G/G and A/A variants on osteogenic differentiation in patient-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under treatment with the endogenous agonist epinephrine. We show that epinephrine (whose levels are often elevated in comorbid conditions) drastically impairs osteogenic differentiation, specifically at the matrix mineralization stage in MSCs A/A. Epinephrine fails to activate the canonical β2-adrenergic receptor pathway and promotes receptor perinuclear and nuclear localization in MSCs A/A. Crucially, metformin, a common anti-diabetic drug, rescues this anti-osteogenic effect. These results open new perspectives for early diagnostics by identifying epinephrine sensitivity as a critical factor, while also suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy to counteract epinephrine detrimental effect in individuals carrying the ADRB2 rs1042713 A-allele.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Long-term glycemic variability and risk of peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

BACKGROUND: A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of long-term glucose variability (GV) on the risk of developing peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS: The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD420251148763). Relevant longitudinal studies were identified through comprehensive searches of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The primary outcome was the risk ratio (RR) of PAD comparing participants with high versus low GV. Summary effect sizes were calculated using a random-effects model to account for between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS: Eleven cohorts were included. Higher GV showed a positive association with PAD risk (RR: 1.42; 95% CI [1.21-1.66] p < 0.001), although substantial heterogeneity was present (I 2 = 91%). This association was consistent across subgroups defined by region (Asian vs. Western), study design, diabetic status, GV metrics, PAD diagnostic methods, and adjustment for HbA1c (all p for subgroup differences > 0.05), except for follow-up duration. Studies with follow-up < 8 years showed a stronger association than those with ≥ 8 years (RR: 1.64 vs. 1.19; p for subgroup difference = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated long-term GV appears to be associated with an increased risk of PAD. However, substantial heterogeneity across studies suggests that the magnitude of this association should be interpreted with caution.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Maize ZmMYB59 inhibits post-germinative shoot and root elongation through ZmGA2ox3/10-mediated gibberellin catabolism.

Gibberellin (GA) promotes seed germination, but sustained or excessive GA signaling after germination can lead to aberrant root and shoot elongation. How GA homeostasis is transcriptionally restrained during post-germinative seedling development remains unclear. Using overexpression and gene-edited maize materials, we demonstrate that ZmMYB59 inhibits root and shoot elongation during post-germinative growth. Integrated RNA-Seq and CUT&Tag analyses identified the GA catabolism genes ZmGA2ox3 and ZmGA2ox10 as candidate direct targets of ZmMYB59. Hormone profiling analysis showed elevated bioactive GA1 and GA4 levels in the scutellum and aleurone layer cells of zmmyb59 mutants. Dual-luciferase assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and ChIP-qPCR further confirmed that ZmMYB59 directly binds AC8 cis-elements in the ZmGA2ox3/10 promoters and activates their transcription. The zmga2ox3/10 double mutant, but neither single mutant, exhibited enhanced root and shoot elongation, accompanied by GA4 accumulation. This phenotype was suppressed by exogenous application of the GA biosynthesis inhibitor uniconazole. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses further revealed enhanced starch degradation, reduced starch content, and increased soluble sugar accumulation in the double mutant. Taken together, these findings reveal that the ZmMYB59-ZmGA2ox3/10 module restrains GA accumulation and starch mobilization after germination, thereby coordinating reserve utilization with post-germinative root and shoot growth in maize.

Gibberellins↗