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PubMed2026

Novel Proactive Speech-Language Intervention Is More Effective Than Usual Care: Randomized Controlled Trial of Babble Boot Camp for Infants With Classic Galactosemia.

PURPOSE: Speech and language disorders cannot be diagnosed and treated until children are approximately 2-4 years old. To investigate whether these disorders can be prevented, we developed and trialed Babble Boot Camp (BBC), the first proactive sustained intervention starting with precursor skills including cooing and babbling. METHOD: Participants were two randomly assigned groups of 22 infants with classic galactosemia, a metabolic disease with known risks for severe speech and language disorders. One group started BBC at under 6 months of age, and the other started at 15 months of age, both completing BBC at 24 months of age. Coached by a speech-language pathologist in weekly telehealth sessions, caregivers implemented BBC activities and routines daily at home. A typical control group and a group of children with classic galactosemia who received usual care participated as well. All children completed standardized assessments of speech and language at postintervention. RESULTS: Assessment scores showed that BBC was more effective than usual care for both intervention groups. Greatest benefits were seen in the group that started at or before 6 months of age, with a proportion of clinically concerning scores equal to that in the typically developing peers. No effects of sex, genotype, or milk consumption were evident in the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings motivate a paradigm shift from deficit-based to proactive approaches for infants with classic galactosemia. BBC is extensible to many other disorders, with trials currently underway for infants with Down syndrome and infants born preterm.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Dynamic lysine acetylation and succinylation of platelet proteins regulates platelet storage lesion: mechanistic insights from multi-omics.

OBJECTIVES: Platelet storage lesion (PSL) severely impairs platelet function during storage, presenting a major hurdle in transfusion medicine; however, the dynamic interplay between global proteomic changes and post-translational modifications (PTMs) underlying these functional deteriorations remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we report the first comprehensive multi-omics analysis integrating global proteomics, acetylomics, and succinylomics to dissect the molecular dynamics during platelet storage. METHODS: We performed quantification of global proteomics, acetylome and succinylome based on TMT-labeled LC-MS/MS analysis, combined with antibody-affinity enrichment and purification. Dynamic molecular changes and functional transformation of platelet were also characterized under proper conditions stored for 1, 3, 5, 7 days, respectively. RESULTS: We systematically characterized 3,609 proteins, 1,308 acetylation sites, and 1,947 succinylation sites across multiple storage time points (D1, D3, D5, D7). We distinct temporal patterns of post-translational modifications, with succinylation showing more extensive coverage than acetylation in platelets. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed extensive metabolic reprogramming involving complement activation, energy metabolism, and cellular detoxification processes. The identification of specific motif patterns provided mechanistic insights into the functional specificity of these modifications. Random forest machine learning identified 20 core regulatory proteins representing critical nodes in PSL development. Furthermore, we employed real - time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT - QPCR) to measure the expression levels of key genes related to platelet function and PTM - associated pathways. CONCLUSION: By mapping the interplay between proteomic abundance shifts and PTM dynamics, this study provides a multidimensional understanding of PSL, establishing a foundational framework for optimizing storage protocols and enhancing transfusion safety.

Blood Platelets↗

PubMed2026

Specialized pro-resolving mediators in obesity and overweight conditions: A systematic review of human and animal evidence on comparative differences and associations.

Obesity and overweight are characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived metabolites, actively promote inflammatory resolution, and their dysregulation has been linked to unresolved inflammation and metabolic disturbances in obesity. This systematic review synthesized human and animal evidence on adiposity-related differences and associations in SPMs and SPM precursors. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251067464). PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched up to 22 May 2026. Eligible studies included human and animal research comparing SPMs and/or SPM precursors between overweight/obese and normal-weight/lean groups or assessing their associations with adiposity indices. Due to heterogeneity across matrices and analytical platforms, findings were synthesized narratively. Twenty-seven unique studies were included, providing 28 experimental datasets (14 animal and 14 human). The most consistent alterations were observed in adipose tissue and circulation, where overweight/obesity was frequently associated with lower concentrations of SPMs and/or SPM precursors. In humans, circulating Resolvin E1 showed reproducible reductions and was inversely associated with adiposity measures in several cohorts. In contrast, selected metabolites, including SPM Lipoxin A4 and the SPM precursors 15-HETE and 18-HEPE, exhibited mixed directionality across studies. Evidence for hepatic and central nervous system compartments was limited and heterogeneous. Overall, available evidence suggests that excess adiposity is associated with altered SPM and precursor profiles, most consistently in adipose tissue and circulation, whereas hepatic and central nervous system findings remain inconsistent. Future studies using standardized quantification and tissue-specific designs are needed to clarify whether targeting pro-resolving pathways has translational potential in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

A horizontally acquired gene mediates insect cocoon pigmentation in the eri silkmoth, Samia ricini.

Holometabolous insects make cocoons during larval-pupal metamorphosis to protect the pupal phase. The materials used for cocoon construction vary widely. Lepidopteran insects typically secrete silk to form cocoons, which display diverse colors. The eri silkworm, Samia cynthia ricini, is an economically important domesticated species that mostly produces white cocoons, with some varieties producing red cocoons. The enzyme kynureninase (KYNU), acquired from bacteria by horizontal gene transfer, has previously been implicated in insect coloration, while the tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) has been identified as a red pigment. However, exactly how KYNU is involved in cocoon pigmentation remains unclear. Here, we report that a horizontally transferred bacterial gene encoding KYNU regulates red cocoon formation. Metabolomic analysis revealed a high accumulation of 3-HAA in red cocoons, confirming its role as the primary pigment and associating the coloration with tryptophan metabolism. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis indicated that SrKYNU is highly expressed in the silk glands and significantly downregulated in the red cocoon strain compared to the white cocoon strain. Genomic sequencing identified a 141 bp deletion in the upstream regulatory region of KYNU in the red cocoon strain compared to the white cocoon strain. Dual-luciferase assays confirmed that this deletion significantly reduced promoter activity. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of SrKYNU in the white-cocoon strain resulted in mutants producing red cocoons with elevated 3-HAA content. These findings reveal that the horizontally transferred gene SrKYNU exhibits tissue-specific expression and regulates cocoon coloration in S. ricini, illustrating that horizontal gene transfer can play an important role in regulating an insect physiological process.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Adolescents' Growing Sensitivity to Psychosocial Stressors: Evidence From Two Decades of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Data in the Nordic Countries.

PURPOSE: We tested a perception-based explanation for rising psychosomatic complaints among adolescents in the Nordic countries. Specifically, we examined whether adolescents have become more sensitive to psychosocial stressors, reflected in stronger associations between stressors and psychosomatic complaints in 2022 than in 2002. METHODS: Data were drawn from the 2002 to 2022 waves of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey among 15-year-olds in five Nordic countries (N = 7,263 in 2002 and 6,739 in 2022). Psychosomatic complaints were examined in relation to stressors in the following three domains: interpersonal relationships, school-related strain, and body- and activity-related factors. Moderated regression analyses tested whether associations between stressors and complaints differed between survey years. Sex and perceived family finances were included as covariates. RESULTS: Four of five psychosocial stressors showed stronger associations with psychosomatic complaints in 2022 than in 2002. Perceived poor family finances, although less prevalent in 2022, were more strongly related to complaints. Girls consistently reported higher levels of psychosomatic complaints, and the association between school pressure and complaints was stronger among girls. DISCUSSION: Although several psychosocial stressors declined in prevalence, their associations with psychosomatic complaints strengthened over time. These findings suggest that rising complaints may reflect changes in how psychosocial stressors are linked to adolescents' psychosomatic symptoms, rather than increases in exposure to those stressors. This shift highlights the importance of considering how adolescents interpret and respond to everyday stress when addressing population trends in mental health.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Boosting domestic wastewater treatment with quorum signal-augmented heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterial-algal aerobic granular sludge.

The aerobic bacterial-algal granular sludge (ABGS) enhanced with heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) bacteria, as a novel symbiotic technology, exhibits fluctuating treatment efficiency and unstable performance primarily due to the unstable symbiotic relationship. This study proposes an innovative approach to strengthening the bacteria-algae symbiosis by introducing exogenous signaling molecules. Concurrently, high-throughput, correlation analysis of environmental factors and metagenomic sequencing techniques are employed to elucidate the enhancement mechanisms of the signaling molecules. The results demonstrate that signaling molecule enhancement boosted total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency by 24.51 % in the bacteria-algae symbiotic system (X1). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization revealed that the addition of signaling molecules resulted in more compact aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and markedly improved stability. High-throughput sequencing showed signaling molecules enriched denitrifying bacteria (Hydrogenophaga, Pseudoxanthomonas, Thauera, Zoogloea) and organic-degrading Desulfomicrobium, optimizing microbial diversity and enhancing nitrogen/organic removal. Correlation analysis of environmental factors indicate that the addition of C8-HSL facilitates the enrichment and functional activation of specific genera. Metagenomic analysis revealed that signaling molecules enhanced the system's denitrification performance by modulating gene expression and associated metabolic pathways. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis further confirmed that the signaling molecules upregulated the expression of the napA, nirK, and nirS genes. An increased abundance of the napA gene facilitated aerobic denitrification (NO₃⁻-N→NO₂⁻-N), while upregulated abundance of the nirK and nirS genes accelerated nitrite reduction (NO₂⁻-N→N₂). This study aims to provide theoretical and practical foundations for implementing advanced bacteria-algae symbiotic technologies.

Denitrification↗

PubMed2026

In situ product monitoring in heterogeneous reaction of gaseous trimethylamine on Fe2O3/Fe(NO3)3: Effect of environmental factor and particle property.

Gas-particle reactions represent an important atmospheric heterogeneous transformation process for organic amines (OAs). Environmental factors and particle properties may impact the gas-particle reaction products. Although the products from gas-particle reactions can be monitored by various in situ techniques, related data remain scarce. Here, the interfacial and gaseous products from the reaction of trimethylamine on Fe2O3/Fe(NO3)3 particles under light irradiation with mixed NO2, O2, SO2 and H2O were monitored using in-situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Dark reaction of gaseous trimethylamine on Fe2O3/Fe(NO3)3 generated two interfacial products types: N-containing ones (CH3NCH2, CH3NO2, (CH3)2NCHO, and CH3N(OH)CHO) and N-free ones (alcohols, aldehydes and acids), both accumulating with reaction progression. Light irradiation and O2 oxidation enhanced formation of these products, while NO2 promoted the production of CH3NO2 and (CH3)2NCHO. H2O and SO2 occupied the active sites of particles to inhibit the formation of all products. Compared to Fe(NO3)3, Fe2O3 showed absolute dominance in contribution to the formation of products. Considering the smaller particle size of Fe2O3 and excess Fe(NO3)3, the physical mixing of them reduced the generation of interfacial products. Furthermore, gaseous products of CH3OH, HCHO, CH3CHO, HCOOH and CH3COOH detection clarified the N-free interfacial products. The presence of Fe(NO3)3 inhibited the formation of HCOOH and favored the formation of CH3CHO in the gas phase. By combining product information with thermodynamic calculations, the heterogeneous reaction pathways of trimethylamine were tentatively proposed. These findings provide a guiding significance for the migration of OAs in real atmospheric environment.

Methylamines↗

PubMed2026

A versatile reversed-phase liquid chromatography charged aerosol detection method for streamlined monitoring of QS-21 content and stability in liposomal adjuvant formulations.

Identifying and quantifying an active adjuvant along with its degradants in drug formulations is essential for ensuring the safety and efficacy of the drug product. QS-21 is a potent adjuvant that is being evaluated in several clinical trials and is currently formulated in licensed vaccines that protect against shingles, malaria, and RSV. In aqueous environments, QS-21 is subject to hydrolytic degradation that is influenced by pH and temperature, resulting in the formation of a degradant known as QS-21 Hydrolyzed Product, QS-21 HP, which can occur during manufacturing and/or prolonged storage. The intact QS-21 and QS-21 HP induce distinct immune response profiles, making it critical to monitor the degradation of QS-21 in vaccine adjuvant formulations. To date, there has been a paucity of reliable assays for QS-21, its isomers, and degradant QS-21 HP in liposomal adjuvant formulations available that can be transferred seamlessly in quality control (QC) environments. Herein, we introduce a simple and QC-friendly liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector (LC-CAD) enabled by stationary phase screening combined with in silico method development optimization. The method exploits 2.7 μm fused-core phenyl hexyl particles, ensuring its versatility in standard and ultra-high pressure LC systems. This approach demonstrates a high correlation between predicted retention time (RT) and experimental outcomes with overall ∆RT < 4%. In addition, this assay shows great linearity, precision, specificity, and accuracy to advance process development characterization of new vaccine formulations.

Liposomes↗

PubMed2026

Genomic characterization of a hypervirulent Aeromonas veronii NN0115 from Nile tilapia and head kidney transcriptome of infected fish reveals B-cell-dominated immune response with specific immunoglobulin downregulation.

Aeromonas veronii is a pathogen of multiple fish species, yet systematic understanding of its infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) remains limited. A dominant strain, NN0115, was isolated from a natural outbreak and identified as A. veronii by 16S rRNA and whole-genome average nucleotide identity (ANI, 96.33%). Experimental infection revealed high virulence (LD50 = 3.41 × 106 CFU/mL, equivalent to 8.53 × 104 CFU/fish). The genome is 4.58 Mb (58.57% GC) and encodes 4216 proteins. Virulence factor analysis identified 1253 genes, dominated by motility-related (264) and immune modulation (208) factors. Genomic island GI2 harbors 7 virulence genes and two dual-function resistance-virulence genes. The strain is resistant to 9 of 25 agents tested but carries three RND efflux pump genes whose predicted resistance was not phenotypically observed. The head kidney transcriptome of tilapia at 24 h post-bacterial infection identified 773 differentially expressed genes; among them, 57 were immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, and 56 were down-regulated. Integration of published single-cell transcriptomic data showed that non-Ig B-cell marker genes were down-regulated by 32%, whereas Ig genes were reduced by 63%, indicating selective transcriptional suppression of Ig genes rather than a general decrease in B-cell transcriptional activity. Together, this study provides a comprehensive characterization of a highly virulent A. veronii from Nile tilapia and reveals that selective downregulation of B-cell Ig genes is the dominant transcriptional feature of the host head kidney response.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Six weeks of isometric resistance training led to evidence of corticospinal but not reticulospinal adaptation in previously untrained adult males.

The latest hypothesis regarding the source of enhanced neural activation from resistance training is the reticulospinal rather than the corticospinal tract, based on invasive animal and emerging human data. The present study employed a six-week isometric resistance training intervention in a randomized controlled design to address this knowledge gap. Thirty-nine healthy, untrained males (age ~23 y, sustained contraction group n = 13, explosive contraction group n = 9, control group n = 17) underwent neuromuscular and electrophysiological testing and completed all study requirements. Maximal isometric torque (MVC) and rate of torque development (RTD) were measured during a familiarization session as well as before and after the six-week period. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess motor-evoked potential (MEP) area and silent period duration while subjects contracted to 10% of MVC. Loud sound (120 dB) was used to modulate MEP area and reaction time to visual stimuli during the StartReact test. Only the intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements in MVC (27%) and RTD (60%) (both P < 0.01), along with reduced MEP area (- 21%) and silent period duration (- 23%) (both P < 0.01). The sustained contraction group showed reduced modulation of reaction time and increased MEP suppression due to loud sound. Short-term resistance training seemed to reduce cortical inhibition and corticospinal excitability in both training groups. The study showed conflicting changes in measures purported to evaluate reticulospinal functioning. It is recommended to examine different forms of resistance training and longer training exposure in future.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genomic determinants underlying biogenic amine detoxification phenotypes in food-associated lactic acid bacteria: Mechanism, evolutionary origin, and relevance to fermented food safety.

Biogenic amines (BAs) are toxic metabolites that accumulate in fermented foods and pose significant food safety concerns. Although several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have previously been reported to exhibit strain-specific BA-degrading phenotypes, the genetic determinants underlying these activities have remained largely uncharacterized. Here, we analyzed 8251 LAB genomes to validate BA-degrading phenotypes. We predicted five BA-associated genes, including two direct biogenic amine-degrading genes (BADGs), mco and patA, and three polyamine-modifying genes (PMGs), speG, paiA, and bltD. Among BADGs, mco was broadly distributed across LAB and strongly enriched across food-associated niches. patA, organized within a conserved potD-glnB-potABC-patA cassette, is a putative, functionally distinct BADG in LAB, revealing a nitrogen-responsive polyamine uptake-catabolism module. Phylogenomics, phylogenetic reconciliation, and synteny analysis established that all five genes entered the LAB through episodic horizontal gene transfer followed by lineage-specific fixation. GC compositional bias and mobile genetic element association further corroborated the horizontal origin of the two BADGs. Structural analysis confirmed the conservation of catalytic core residues of BADGs across LAB, indicating strong purifying selection. Phenotype-to-genotype correlation with experimentally reported LAB suggested mco as a reliable genomic predictor of degrading phenotype. Integration of degradation and biosynthetic profiles predicted multiple LAB species capable of both synthesizing and degrading BA, along with 1823 genomes with degradation potential but lacking detectable BA biosynthesis genes. This study provides the first large-scale genome framework linking BA-degrading phenotypes with their genetic determinants in LAB and offers a rational basis for selecting BA-detoxifying strains for fermented food applications.

Biogenic Amines↗

PubMed2026

Effectiveness of psychosocial and lifestyle interventions in promoting behaviour change and improving cognitive outcomes in older people with memory concerns: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Older adults with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitive decline have a greater dementia risk, particularly those from minority ethnic and socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. Psychosocial and lifestyle interventions targeting modifiable risk factors offer hope for reducing risk, yet behavioural mechanisms remain unclear. This systematic review examines these mechanisms and associated outcomes. METHOD: We searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Web of Science, and Scopus for randomised control trials testing interventions that aimed to improve lifestyle and cognition in older adults with memory concerns. We explored behavioural mechanisms using the COM-B model and synthesised intervention effectiveness, overall and within underserved groups. We prioritised lower risk of bias studies. RESULTS: 26 studies described 23 randomised controlled trials (14 multidomain, 9 single domain interventions). Certainty of evidence that behaviour change was associated with cognition was low. Moderate-certainty evidence indicated that interventions providing a socially supportive environment and combining nutritional education and counselling for 6 + months improved diet. Physical activity improved primarily in interventions incorporating education, structured training, and enablement strategies (e.g., tailored programmes, providing tools). Interventions simultaneously targeting capability, opportunity and motivation showed greater overall effectiveness. Few studies recorded ethnicity (13%) or sociodemographic status (9%), and none explored their impact. CONCLUSIONS: Non-pharmacological interventions can help this population improve their lifestyles if they feel capable, equipped and motivated, highlighting the value of careful design and implementation. There is scarce evidence on how these interventions work for underserved populations. Future research should explore this to inform tailored interventions and develop equitable dementia prevention strategies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on periodontal ligament stem cells: An exploratory study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) at two osteogenic induction stages (undifferentiated and late-stage) differentially affect periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and to explore the potential molecular basis. DESIGN: UCMSCs and PDLSCs were isolated and cultured. Exosomes were harvested from undifferentiated UCMSCs (Exo-D0) and UCMSCs after 14 days of osteogenic induction (Exo-D14). PDLSCs were treated with both exosome types. Proliferation and migration were analyzed using EdU and scratch assays, the latter under serum-free conditions. Early osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase staining and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified by high-throughput sequencing and further analyzed through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. RESULTS: Both exosome types promoted PDLSC migration. Exo-D0 enhanced early osteogenic differentiation, whereas Exo-D14 enhanced proliferation but reduced early osteogenic marker expression. Sequencing identified 21 differentially expressed miRNAs (13 upregulated, 8 downregulated). Bioinformatic prediction suggested that the putative target genes were enriched in Ras signal transduction, regulation of kinase activity, and focal adhesion, and further predicted significant enrichment in the MAPK, Ras, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, which are central to cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Exosomes from undifferentiated and osteogenically induced UCMSCs exerted distinct effects on PDLSCs, potentially associated with differentially packaged miRNAs. These findings offer a basis for hypotheses about exosome-mediated mechanisms and support matching exosome sources to the intended therapeutic outcome as potential cell-free strategies for periodontal tissue regeneration and alveolar bone repair.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of Sacubitril Valsartan Combined With Vericiguat on NT-proBNP and CK-MB Levels in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure.

This study aims to probe the influence of sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets combined with vericiguat on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) levels in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). One hundred and twenty CHF patients were enrolled and stratified into a control group (sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets) and a combination group (sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets + vericiguat). Outcome measures included New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class shifts, echocardiographic indices, cardiac injury markers, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), endothelial function parameters, inflammatory mediator levels, and adverse clinical events. Following a 6-month treatment period, patients in the combination group exhibited superior functional improvement, as reflected by greater advancement in NYHA class. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed more favorable ventricular remodeling in this group, with reduced left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters and an elevated ejection fraction. The combination group had a higher 6MWD. Biomarker analysis showed lower NT-proBNP and CK-MB levels in the combination group. Furthermore, improvements in endothelial function were noted, with decreased endothelin and elevated NO, NOS, and CGRP levels in the combination group. Markers of systemic inflammation, including CRP and IL-6, were also attenuated in the combination group. The incidence of adverse reactions and cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between the groups. Co-administration of sacubitril/valsartan and vericiguat enhances cardiac performance, optimizes vascular endothelial responsiveness, modulates heart failure-related biomarkers, and mitigates inflammatory activity in patients with CHF without increasing the risk of adverse events.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Antagonistic regulation by mango MiSPL9a and MiSPL9b regulates flowering time, drought and salt stress in Arabidopsis.

SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factors, which are unique to plants, contain a highly conserved SBP domain that regulates gene expression by binding to downstream targets. They play critical roles in various biological processes, especially in the regulation of flowering in plants. In this study, two SPL-like genes (MiSPL9a and MiSPL9b) were identified from mango genomic and transcriptomic data, and their sequence, expression and function were further analyzed. Sequence analysis revealed that MiSPL9a and MiSPL9b have open reading frames of 1173 bp and 1158 bp, respectively, with slight differences in the number of cis-regulatory elements within their promoter regions. Expression analysis under stress conditions revealed distinct patterns: MiSPL9a expression significantly differed under drought stress but did not significantly differ under salt stress, whereas MiSPL9b expression responded significantly to salt stress but changed minimally under drought stress. Phenotypic analysis of the transgenic Arabidopsis lines revealed that MiSPL9a overexpression delayed flowering, whereas MiSPL9b overexpression promoted early flowering. Under stress conditions, compared with wild-type plants, MiSPL9a-overexpressing plants presented increased drought tolerance but did not significantly differ. In contrast, MiSPL9b-overexpressing plants were sensitive to salt stress, with no notable phenotypic differences observed under drought conditions. Physiological assays revealed that under drought stress, MiSPL9a transgenic plants presented significantly reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and increased proline (Pro) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Under salt stress, MiSPL9b transgenic plants presented opposite trends in terms of these physiological markers. In summary, both MiSPL9a and MiSPL9b are involved in the regulation of plant flowering time and stress responses, but their functions differ.

Arabidopsis↗

PubMed2026

From commensal to pathobiont: The emergence of virulence-enhanced Escherichia coli in China's food-animal systems - insights with future implications.

A fundamental shift in Escherichia coli epidemiology is being driven by convergence of virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance within linked human-animal-environment systems. In China, the rapid growth of food-animal production, extensive antimicrobial use, and complex food networks are accelerating the emergence and dissemination of virulence-enhanced E. coli pathobionts. This review synthesizes recent epidemiological, genomics, and outbreak data to characterize China's evolving landscape of food-animal-associated E. coli. We highlight a significant shift from classical pathotypes to hybrid lineages that simultaneously carry virulence factors and last-resort antibiotic resistance determinants, including mcr-1, tet(X4), and blaNDM. These traits disseminate rapidly via plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer, facilitating rapid adaptation and enabling cross-sectoral One Health transmission. National surveillance, foodborne outbreak investigations, and whole-genome sequencing data show that food-animal reservoirs are active evolutionary niches that drive pathogen diversity and fitness, rather than serving merely as contamination sources. Whole-genome sequencing also pinpoints high-risk clones (e.g., ST394) and plasmid-mediated co-selection of virulence and AMR. The emergence of hybrid pathotypes (e.g., STEC/ETEC) and AMR-virulence co-selection challenges traditional classification and limits the effectiveness of conventional surveillance approaches. The 2017 colistin ban reduced mcr-1, yet ongoing resistance and emerging tet(X4) demand integrated surveillance. Collectively, these findings call for reconceptualizing E. coli as a dynamic genomic entity embedded within a unified ecological network. Addressing this threat requires an integrated One Health strategy including genomic surveillance, agricultural antimicrobial stewardship, and coordinated food-environment-clinical monitoring to prevent high-risk clone emergence and global spread.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Effects of phytosterols supplementation on hepatic lipid metabolism and metabolic outcomes in obese rodent models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to synthesize and quantitatively assess the available evidence on the effects of phytosterol supplementation on hepatic lipid metabolism and obesity-related metabolic outcomes in obese rodent models, integrating biochemical, histological, and molecular evidence. A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science). Data on study design, population, intervention, outcomes, and risk of bias were extracted and analyzed. A quantitative meta-analysis was performed. Meta-analysis showed reductions in body weight, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, glucose, liver weight, hepatic cholesterol, hepatic triglycerides, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. No significant changes were observed for adiposity index, HDL-C, insulin, or hepatic expression of PPARα, FAS, and SREBP1c. Conversely, CPT1A expression was significantly increased following PS supplementation. Subgroup analyses indicated that the beneficial effects on lipid and hepatic outcomes were generally consistent across rodent species (mice, rats, and hamsters), obesity induction models, and routes of administration, although the magnitude of responses varied between strains, with C57BL/6 mice showing more pronounced metabolic improvements. Additional analyses suggested that treatment duration and phytosterol composition may modulate specific outcomes, whereas dose-response meta-regression identified dose-dependent associations for serum and hepatic cholesterol, and PPARα expression in dietary supplementation studies. Overall, the available preclinical evidence suggests that phytosterol supplementation may improve several metabolic and hepatic outcomes in rodent models of obesity. However, the substantial heterogeneity across studies highlights the need for standardized experimental protocols and future clinical studies before these findings can be translated to human health.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Eating Experiences During Cancer Treatment in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Synthesis.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15-39 with cancer face distinct challenges during treatment, with eating consistently emerging as one of the most distressing and underrecognized concerns. At a critical life stage, AYAs must navigate illness-related consequences that profoundly affect well-being. Eating reflects these broader challenges and is identified as a key issue requiring health care attention. To address this, we synthesized evidence on AYAs' eating experiences and well-being during mealtime-related activities to inform health care practice. Qualitative and mixed-method studies were identified through searches across CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published up to May 2025, supplemented by snowball searches. Of 3214 records, 74 full-text articles were reviewed, and 18 met the inclusion criteria. These represented 302 AYAs, 73 relatives, and 88 health care professionals. Studies were analyzed using Joanna Briggs Institute review methods and GRADE-CERQual to support clinical interpretability. The meta-synthesis identified one core theme: "Eating as an embodied struggle and act of agency," with three subthemes: (a) living through physical and sensory disruption, (b) carrying the weight of new emotions and shifting relations, and (c) finding ways through gaps in support. Eating emerged as a disrupted, emotionally charged, yet agentic act requiring sensitive, individualized approaches. Thirteen evidence-informed recommendations were developed to guide clinical application. These emphasize early nutritional screening, dietetic support, flexible meal options, respectful family involvement, and psychosocially attuned care. Future research should codevelop and evaluate tailored interventions that address AYAs' embodied, emotional, and social needs to improve eating-related quality of life during cancer treatment.

Humans↗