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PubMed · 42647961

Effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on periodontal ligament stem cells: An exploratory study.

Dapeng Yan·Le Pan·Junxiang Cheng·Qinyan Duan·Feng Hong·Wei He·Yajun Hu·Yanwen Li
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) at two osteogenic induction stages (undifferentiated and late-stage) differentially affect periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), and to explore the potential molecular basis. DESIGN: UCMSCs and PDLSCs were isolated and cultured. Exosomes were harvested from undifferentiated UCMSCs (Exo-D0) and UCMSCs after 14 days of osteogenic induction (Exo-D14). PDLSCs were treated with both exosome types. Proliferation and migration were analyzed using EdU and scratch assays, the latter under serum-free conditions. Early osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase staining and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified by high-throughput sequencing and further analyzed through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. RESULTS: Both exosome types promoted PDLSC migration. Exo-D0 enhanced early osteogenic differentiation, whereas Exo-D14 enhanced proliferation but reduced early osteogenic marker expression. Sequencing identified 21 differentially expressed miRNAs (13 upregulated, 8 downregulated). Bioinformatic prediction suggested that the putative target genes were enriched in Ras signal transduction, regulation of kinase activity, and focal adhesion, and further predicted significant enrichment in the MAPK, Ras, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, which are central to cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Exosomes from undifferentiated and osteogenically induced UCMSCs exerted distinct effects on PDLSCs, potentially associated with differentially packaged miRNAs. These findings offer a basis for hypotheses about exosome-mediated mechanisms and support matching exosome sources to the intended therapeutic outcome as potential cell-free strategies for periodontal tissue regeneration and alveolar bone repair.

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HumansExosomesPeriodontal LigamentMesenchymal Stem CellsOsteogenesisCell DifferentiationCell ProliferationUmbilical CordCell MovementMicroRNAsCells, CulturedStem CellsSignal TransductionOsteogenic differentiationPeriodontal ligament stem cellsPeriodontal regenerationUmbilical cord mesenchymal stem cellsJournal Article

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Dapeng Yan, Le Pan, Junxiang Cheng, Qinyan Duan, Feng Hong, Wei He, Yajun Hu, Yanwen Li. 2026-08-23. Effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on periodontal ligament stem cells: An exploratory study.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2026.106735

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Journal Article resourceCell Movement subjectCell Proliferation subjectCells, Cultured subjectHumans subjectJournal Article subjectMicroRNAs subject

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