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PubMed2026

Comparison of black carbon measurements using filter-specific reference transmittance to those using lab blanks or an average of unloaded filters.

Filter-based optical techniques compare light transmission intensities between loaded (I) and unloaded (I0) filters as a measure of light-absorbing mass for subsequent estimations of equivalent black carbon (eBC). We analyzed 5,379 15 mm Teflon filters from the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial to assess the influence that different methods of I0 estimations have on eBC measures. We compared eBC measurements using filter-specific I0 values (Method 1) to those using three other methods of I0 estimation: the lab blank scan from a given session (Method 2), the average of all pre-sample filter scans (Method 3), and the average of all lab blank filter scans (Method 4). We assessed the agreement between Method 1 and the alternative methods using Bland-Altman analysis. We also assessed the relationship between Method 1 and the alternative methods across the complete measurement range and after stratifying exposure data into quartiles according to Method 1 eBC exposures. The mean (SD) personal eBC exposure for Method 1 was 7.8 μg/m3 (5.9), and exposures ranged from 1.3 to 46.8 μg/m3. Compared to Method 1, eBC using Methods 2, 3, and 4 were higher by 0.7 μg/m3, 0.1 μg/m3, and 0.7 μg/m3, respectively. The performances of linear regression models between Method 1 and all other methods were moderate to strong (R2 range: 0.42-0.93) in the second, third, and fourth quartiles; however, the models in the first quartile (eBC range: 1.3-2.9 μg/m3) performed poorly (R2 = 0.25-0.26), with error approximately 25% of the mean. Our findings suggest that, in most instances, conventional methods for obtaining I0 values can be used to sufficiently characterize eBC; however, analyzing filters before sampling adds appreciably to the accuracy of eBC estimations in lower concentration settings.Implications: Filter-based optical techniques compare light transmission intensities between loaded (I) and unloaded (I0) filters as a measure of light-absorbing mass for subsequent estimations of equivalent black carbon (eBC). To assess the influence that different methods of I0 estimations have on eBC measures, we analyzed 5,379 15 mm Teflon filters from the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial. Our findings suggest that, in most instances, conventional methods for obtaining I0 values can be used to sufficiently characterize eBC; however, analyzing filters before sampling adds appreciably to the accuracy of eBC estimations in lower concentration settings.

Soot↗
PubMed2026

No Efficacy of Dexamethasone Injections for Acute Sciatica: A Double-Blind Randomized Study Versus Saline.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of caudal injections for patients with acute sciatica remains controversial. The DEXHIA study was designed to evaluate whether ultrasound-guided caudal injection of dexamethasone provides superior clinical outcomes compared with saline placebo. METHODS: This prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial included adult patients with sciatica secondary to lumbar disc herniation of less than 3 months' duration. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either 16 mg of dexamethasone (4 mL) diluted with 16 mL of saline (DEXA group) or 20 mL of saline alone (PLACEBO group), administered by ultrasound-guided caudal epidural injection. The primary outcome was the change in the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at 3 weeks. Secondary outcomes included leg pain and low back pain assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), health-related quality of life (SF-36), need for repeat epidural injection, and need for lumbar surgery. Clinical assessments were performed at 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. RESULTS: A total of 106 patients were randomized, with 53 participants assigned to each treatment group. The primary endpoint was not met, as the improvement in ODI at 3 weeks did not differ significantly between groups (mean change: -9.5 ± 4.4 in the DEXA group versus -13.8 ± 4.4 in the PLACEBO group; p = 0.18). No significant differences were observed for any relevant secondary outcome at any follow-up time point. During the 6-month follow-up, 34 patients in the DEXA group and 30 patients in the PLACEBO group underwent a second, non-blinded injection of dexamethasone (ns). Lumbar surgery was performed in 10 patients in the DEXA group and nine patients in the PLACEBO group (ns). Injection-related adverse events were mild and transient but occurred more frequently in the DEXA group. CONCLUSIONS: Caudal injection of soluble dexamethasone conferred no clinical benefit over saline placebo in patients with acute sciatica. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Epidural injections are widely used worldwide for the treatment of resistant sciatica and have been extensively studied in multiple meta-analyses. However, their clinical value remains debated due to the limited methodological quality of most available studies. We conducted a methodologically rigorous randomized, placebo-controlled trial, which yielded negative results. These findings question the efficacy of caudal epidural injection of a non-particulate corticosteroid administered via a remote (sacrococcygeal) approach for disc-related sciatica. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered under European Clinical Trials No. 2021-001571-17 and ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05000658.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Single-nucleus transcriptomics reveals cell type-specific remodeling and epilepsy-associated microglia.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common acquired epilepsy, causing refractory seizures and cognitive deficits. We performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on hippocampal tissue from mice 3 and 6 weeks following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, a robust model of TLE. Epilepsy samples showed reductions in Cck and Lamp5-Lhx6 interneuron subclusters, alongside increases in Cajal-Retzius cells, dentate granule (DG) cell precursors, and a mature DG cell subcluster. Among glia, an astrocyte subcluster and a markedly expanded microglia sublcuster were increased. We term this microglia population epilepsy-associated microglia (EAM). The transcriptomic profile of EAM overlaps with microglia described in models of Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury, including enrichment of Myo1e and Igf1. EAM display amoeboid morphology, can be found in clumps around pyramidal and granule cell body layers, and exhibit enlarged vesicles and mitochondria. Cell-cell interaction analysis predicts DG cells as their primary interaction partners. This dataset defines transcriptomic programs underlying key cellular alterations in TLE, enabling mechanistic dissection of epileptogenesis.

TLE↗
PubMed2026

Extent of resection as an independent predictor of survival for patients with glioblastoma as defined by the new WHO 2021 classification.

OBJECTIVE: Extent of resection (EOR) has previously been demonstrated to have an impact on survival in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). However, with the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 reclassification of GBMs based on IDH-mutation status, patients with "IDH-mutant GBMs," who typically survive long term, were reclassified as WHO grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas and removed from the GBM taxonomy. Therefore, it is unknown whether the previously reported impact of resection on survival was a false-positive result due to the inclusion of the less aggressive IDH-mutant tumors in previous datasets. This study aimed to determine the extent to which EOR remains an independent predictor of survival in patients with WHO 2021 GBM after the reclassification of IDH-mutant grade 4 astrocytomas. METHODS: All cases of GBM tumors (based on the pre-2021 GBM classification) that were newly diagnosed between 2005 and 2021 were identified in our institutional database and subsequently reclassified based on the updated WHO 2021 criteria using IDH status. Multivariable statistical analyses of demographic information, survival time, and EOR based on volumetric MRI were performed to determine the independent predictors of survival for the whole group of patients and for IDH-wildtype GBM patients exclusively. Additional analyses were performed to identify an EOR threshold for improvement in survival. RESULTS: Of the 523 tumors classified as GBM based on the pre-2021 taxonomy, 52 (9.9%) cases were reclassified as WHO grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas, and the median survival of patients in this group was 7.9 years, whereas median survival of the IDH-wildtype GBM patients was 1.4 years. Multivariate analyses of the whole group demonstrated that IDH-mutant astrocytomas were associated with reduced hazard of death. In both the whole group (n = 523) and in IDH-wildtype GBMs (n = 471), higher EOR of the contrast-enhancing (CE) tumor was associated with reduced hazard of death, whereas older age or male sex was associated with increased hazard of death. Because most patients (90%) had high EOR values (> 81%), a statistically meaningful EOR threshold could not be established. CONCLUSIONS: These analyses demonstrated that EOR of the CE tumor is an independent predictor of survival and that greater EOR is associated with improved survival in WHO 2021 IDH-wildtype GBMs even after excluding grade 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas. However, an absolute EOR threshold below which resection did not improve survival could not be established, raising concerns about prior cutoff assessments.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Bipolar circumcision with mucocutaneous plane separation: A safe, precise, blood-sparing, dressing-free approach.

Conventional circumcision techniques may result in bleeding, limited control of the mucosal collar, and the need for dressings. We describe a modified bipolar technique enabling near-bloodless dissection with precise mucosal trimming. Following bipolar division of the preputial skin, the inner mucosa is separated using two forceps and retracted proximally, creating a protective plane for safe skin adjustment. The mucosal collar is trimmed with scissors. The wound is closed with sutures and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate, avoiding dressings. This technique has been performed in 55 consecutive cases (median age: 2 years and 2 months; range: 0 days-17 years and 5 months) with no reported complications over a median follow-up of 2 years and 7 months (range: 3 months-4 years and 1 month).

Humans↗
PubMed2026

The landscape of pruning for large language models: A systematic review and unified taxonomy.

Confronting the inherent tension between the exceptional capabilities and the immense computational costs of Large Language Models (LLMs), pruning has become a crucial technique for achieving efficient deployment. However, a systematic analytical framework dedicated specifically to LLM pruning remains absent. In this paper, we aim to bridge this gap. We first elucidate the theoretical foundations that underpin the effectiveness of pruning, namely overparameterization and redundancy, and then propose a multidimensional taxonomy that organizes existing approaches along the axes of granularity, timing, and criteria. Building upon this unified perspective, we further analyze performance recovery mechanisms and the broader evaluation ecosystem, while also exploring forward-looking challenges such as interpretability, automation, and hardware-algorithm co-design. Through this comprehensive synthesis, we seek to provide an integrated and coherent analytical lens for advancing both research and practice in LLM pruning.

Large Language Models↗
PubMed2026

Association between anaemia and osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis significantly impacts global morbidity. Recent evidence suggests anaemia may contribute to osteoporosis risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates this association. METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect were searched for papers. Studies with definition of anaemia and assessing osteoporosis outcomes were included. Meta-analysis utilized random-effects models (DerSimonian-Laird method), and study quality was assessed via Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Analyses were performed using R Studio. RESULT: Eighteen studies (861,540 participants) were analyzed. Anaemia significantly increased osteoporosis risk in univariate analysis (OR 1.62; 95% CI 1.33-1.98; p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), despite high heterogeneity (I2 = 92.7%). The results remain significant in studies that reported multivariate analysis (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.26-3.21; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.004). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of our result. CONCLUSION: Anaemia significantly associated with osteoporosis, emphasizing the need for targeted screening in anaemic individuals. Further studies should consider incorporating anaemia into osteoporosis and fracture prediction tools.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Soft Tissue Volume Augmentation at Single Implant Sites Applying Collagen Matrices or Connective Tissue Grafts: 10-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

AIM: To compare up to 10&#x2009;years clinical, profilometric and patient-reported outcomes of implant sites previously augmented using a volume-stable collagen matrix (VCMX) or connective tissue graft (SCTG) in the aesthetic zone. METHODS: The original non-inferiority randomized controlled trial (RCT) enrolled 20 patients who received soft tissue volume augmentation with VCMX or SCTG at single implant sites. Clinical assessments and standardized measurements were performed at baseline after crown insertion and at 6&#x2009;months, 1, 3, 5, 7.5, and 10&#x2009;years. The primary outcome was mucosal thickness. Secondary outcomes included marginal bone levels (MBL), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque control record, Pink Aesthetic Score (PES), OHIP-14 and buccal profilometric changes. Group comparisons were performed using mixed-effects and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, which account for within-patient correlations due to repeated measurements and allow inclusion of all available data without requiring imputation for missing observations. RESULTS: Of the 20 originally enrolled patients, 10 (5 in the SCTG group and 5 in the VCMX group) were available for re-examination at 10&#x2009;years. The adjusted between-group difference in mucosal thickness was -0.02&#x2009;mm (95% CI -0.99 to 0.96). As the lower bound of the confidence interval remained above the prespecified non-inferiority margin of -1&#x2009;mm, non-inferiority of VCMX was shown. Buccal contour changes were comparable during the early follow-up, while a trend toward a greater long-term contour decrease was observed in group VCMX (-0.31&#x2009;mm [95% CI, -0.65 to 0.03]; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.07). Mean PES values were 10.6 in the SCTG group and 9.6 in the VCMX group, with no significant between-group differences (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.45). Both groups revealed high levels of oral health-related quality of life, with low median OHIP-14 scores (SCTG, 0.0; VCMX, 1.0; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.26). CONCLUSION: These preliminary long-term findings showed no clinically relevant differences between SCTG and VCMX in terms of clinical, profilometric and patient-reported outcomes. While SCTG remains the reference standard, VCMX represents a less invasive alternative but with a slight tendency toward greater long-term contour reduction. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Volume-stable collagen matrices serve as a viable alternative to autogenous connective tissue grafts for peri-implant soft tissue volume augmentation, particularly in patients seeking a reduced morbidity, without compromising long-term clinical or aesthetic outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00017484.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Enhancement flavor quality in Zhao'an Baxian oolong tea through enhanced turning-over process.

A systematical investigation on the effects of turning-over intensity on the flavor formation of Zhao'an Baxian oolong tea (ZBT) was performed, through a comparative analysis of heavy turning-over (HT) and light turning-over (LT) treatments in this study. The tea samples were subjected to proteomic and metabolomic analyses, combined with quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) and electronic sensory (E-tongue/E-nose) evaluation. The results demonstrate that HT significantly reduced the content of bitter and astringent compounds, such as catechins and flavonol glycosides, while promoting the accumulation of umami-related amino acids. Concurrently, HT enhanced the biosynthesis of key floral and fruity volatiles, such as &#x3b2;-ocimene, geraniol, benzaldehyde, jasmone by activating stress-responsive metabolic pathways. These coordinated biochemical changes, driven by enzyme-catalyzed reactions in response to prolonged mechanical wounding and environmental stress, collectively improved the overall sensory profile of ZBT. These findings provide a mechanistic foundation for improving ZBT production, with clear implications for quality control and flavor-oriented product development.

Tea↗
PubMed2026

Arthroscopic Correction of Pincer-Type FAI in the Presence of Acetabular Retroversion Results in Excellent Patient-Reported Outcomes With Low Risk of Reoperation or Conversion to Arthroplasty at Minimum 5 Years.

BACKGROUND: Acetabular retroversion is a distinct morphologic variation that may result in pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). The role of arthroscopic management within this cohort is not fully understood. PURPOSE: To assess patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and survivorship at 5-year follow-up in a series of cases undergoing arthroscopic correction of pincer-type FAI with acetabular retroversion. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: A single-center, prospective hip preservation registry was reviewed for all cases undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for symptomatic FAI between January 2014 and July 2020, with documented radiographic assessment of acetabular retroversion (ie, presence or absence of crossover sign, ischial spine sign, and/or posterior wall sign on a standing, standardized anteroposterior radiograph). Exclusion criteria were T&#xf6;nnis grade >1, concomitant pathologies (protrusio, Perthes disease, avascular necrosis), excessive pelvic rotation or tilt on radiographs, and/or no crossover sign. Cases were assigned to 1 of 2 groups: moderate-global retroversion group (study group: crossover sign plus either or both ischial spine sign and posterior wall sign) or control group (crossover sign only). Case-control (1:1) fuzzy matching was performed based on age (&#xb1;2 years), sex, and T&#xf6;nnis grade (exact). Clinical outcome evaluation included assessment of PROMs (modified Harris Hip Score [mHHS], 36-item Short Form [SF36], University of California-Los Angeles Activity Scale [UCLA], Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC]), achievement of Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS), satisfaction, rates of revision arthroscopy, and arthroplasty-free survivorship, both preoperatively and 5 years postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v29. RESULTS: A total of 201 cases (120 global, 81 moderate) in the moderate-global retroversion group were matched with 201 control cases. Mean age was 30.6 &#xb1; 10.2 years; the sample was 90% male. The rate of revision arthroscopy was similar: n = 11 (6%) in both groups (P = .974). No conversion to periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) occurred in either group. Arthroplasty-free survivorship was 98.2% (retroversion group) and 98.8% (control group) (&#x3c7;2 = 0.189; df = 1; P = .664). Significant improvements in PROMs from baseline were noted (P < .001 for all, in both groups). In total, 81% (moderate-global retroversion group) and 73% (control group) were satisfied at 5 years (P = .103). No significant difference was seen in PASS achievement rates for any of the PROMs between groups: mHHS, 62.1% versus 65.9% (P = .498); UCLA, 60.0% versus 52.2% (P = .192); SF36, 59.8% versus 64.7% (P = .458); WOMAC, 63.5% versus 67.3% (P = .553), for moderate-global retroversion and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Hip arthroscopy for moderate and global acetabular retroversion resulted in significant improvement in clinical outcomes, with high satisfaction and arthroplasty-free survivorship at 5 years, consistent with a case-control matched group without acetabular retroversion (focal retroversion, pincer FAI). Arthroscopy alone, without anteverting PAO, was an effective surgical management approach for symptomatic FAI in the presence of acetabular retroversion.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Sulfonic Ion-Exchange Resins as Versatile Tools for the Oxidative Degradation of Chemical and Biological Hazardous Agents.

Commercial sulfonic styrene-divinylbenzene ion-exchange resins are activated with aqueous H2O2 to generate metal-free decontamination systems that combine strong Br&#xf8;nsted acidity with immobilized oxidizing capability. Among five tested materials, Amberlyst 15 dry showed the best performance in terms of oxidant immobilization capacity and promoting the oxidative degradation of the sulfur mustard simulant (2-chloroethyl)ethyl sulfide, CEES, and the organophosphorus pesticide malathion under very mild conditions. Control experiments with K2CO3-exchanged resin demonstrate that efficient decontamination requires the synergy between surface acidity and peroxide functionality. The activated resins also display rapid biocidal activity, strongly reducing viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and completely suppressing the infectivity of HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 within min. These findings identify peroxide-activated sulfonic resins as simple, sustainable, regenerable, and versatile tools for efficient combined hazardous chemical and biological decontamination.

Oxidation-Reduction↗
PubMed2025

The Association Between Child Maltreatment and Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The association between child maltreatment (CM) and quality of life (QoL) has been widely examined in the past decade. In this study, we estimated the association between CM and QoL using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Articles were searched up to May 15, 2024, in both English databases (Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO & PsycArticles, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Weipu, and Wanfang). The meta-analysis was performed by a random-effects model, using 43 studies comprising 130,884 participants. This study demonstrated that general CM had an adverse impact on QoL and its sub-dimensions, including physical, mental, psychosocial, and environmental QoL. Further analysis showed that the subtypes of CM also had negative impacts on the dimensions of QoL, except for mental QoL. Emotional maltreatment had stronger negative associations with QoL than other subtypes of CM, while neglect received relatively less attention. In addition, the association between CM and QoL was moderated by region, gender ratio, and measurement methods. The findings of this study suggest that CM is negatively associated with QoL. Future studies need to investigate the impact of neglect on QoL and develop tailored programs to improve the QoL of people who have suffered from CM.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Hot vs cold knife for endoscopic ablation of posterior urethral valves: a systematic review by the EAU-YAU paediatric urology working group.

INTRODUCTION: Posterior urethral valves (PUV) are the most frequent cause of congenital lower urinary tract obstruction in males. Despite early surgical ablation, up to 22% of patients develop chronic kidney disease and 11% progress to end-stage renal disease. Multiple endoscopic modalities have been described for valve ablation but the optimal technique remains uncertain. This systematic review aims to determine whether cold or hot knife ablation provides superior effectiveness for primary endoscopic treatment of PUV in a single surgical session. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed and Embase databases was conducted to identify studies comparing cold and hot knife techniques for endoscopic ablation of PUV in children, covering all publications up to December 2025. The review was performed in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (ID CRD420251180556). Original studies including patients <18 years who underwent primary valve ablation with postoperative cystoscopy or VCUG and &#x2265;6 months of follow-up were included. Quality assessment was done using RoB 2.0 for randomized trials and MINORS for observational studies. RESULTS: A total of 1581 studies were identified, of which 26 met the inclusion criteria, comprising one randomized controlled trial, five prospective, and 20 retrospective studies constituting a sum of 1725 paediatric patients. The overall methodological quality of included studies was moderate, with marked heterogeneity in design, follow-up duration, and outcome reporting, limiting direct comparisons across series. Thus statistical analysis was not possible. Of these, 829 (48.1%) underwent cold valve ablation and 896 (51.9%) underwent hot ablation techniques. Within the cold group, most patients were treated with a cold knife (80.2%), followed by balloon dilatation (7%), the Mohan valvotome (6.5%), cold hook (5%), and, rarely, a modified venous valvulotome (1.3%). Among hot techniques, 32.8% of procedures were performed by electro-fulguration with a resectoscope, 29.4% using a Bugbee electrode, 23.8% with a hook electrode and 14% with laser-based systems. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 22 years across studies. Single-session success rates for valve ablation ranged from 22% to 100% in the cold resection group and from 71.4% to 100% in the hot resection group. Reintervention for residual valves was reported in 0%-78% of cold cases and in 0%-28.6% of hot resections. Urethral stricture rates ranged from 0% to 11.1% after cold incision and from 0% to 23.8% after hot techniques. Reporting of postoperative outcomes such as urinary tract infection, incontinence, bladder dysfunction, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) resolution, hydronephrosis improvement, and renal function varied widely among studies and was assessed using different methodologies. CONCLUSIONS: Both cold and hot ablation techniques for PUV achieved high single-session success rates and low complication rates. Cold resection appeared slightly safer, although this finding should be interpreted cautiously given the heterogeneity and observational nature of the available data.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Family-Wise Error Rate Control in Clinical Trials With Overlapping Populations.

We consider clinical trials with multiple, overlapping patient populations that test multiple treatment policies specifically tailored to these populations. Such designs may lead to multiplicity issues, as false statements will affect several populations. For type I error control, often the family-wise error rate (FWER) is controlled, which is the probability to reject at least one true null hypothesis. If the joint distribution of the test statistics is known, the FWER level can be exhausted by determining critical values or adjusted-levels. The adjustment is typically done under the common ANOVA assumptions. However, the performed tests are then only valid under the rather strong assumption of homogeneous null effects, that is, when the null hypothesis applies to all subpopulations and their intersections. We show that under cancelling null effects, when heterogeneous effects cancel out in some or all subpopulations, this procedure does not provide FWER control. We also suggest different alternatives and compare them in terms of FWER control and their power.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Dual signal-enhanced immunochromatographic test strip based on Au@PtNPs: From sensitive detection of thiamethoxam to multiplex pesticide screening in vegetables.

Immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS) is a rapid analytical technique widely used in environmental and food detection owing to its merits of simple operation and short analysis time. Herein, three-dimensional nanoflower-structured gold&#x2011;platinum nanoparticles (Au@PtNPs) were synthesized via a seed-growth method. Compared with conventional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au@PtNPs exhibited stronger signal intensity, excellent catalytic performance, and efficient antibody binding efficiency. Colorimetric Au@PtNPs-ICTS and catalytic colorimetric Au@PtNPs-ICTS were developed for the sensitive detection of thiamethoxam (THI) in vegetables. The limits of detection (LODs) for colorimetric Au@PtNPs-ICTS and catalytic colorimetric Au@PtNPs-ICTS quantitative analysis were 0.18&#xa0;ng/mL and 0.093&#xa0;ng/mL, respectively, representing approximately 3-fold and 6-fold improvement compared to AuNPs-ICTS (0.56&#xa0;ng/mL). Furthermore, highly sensitive detection of multiple pesticide residues (chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid, and imidacloprid) was achieved by replacing the corresponding target antigens and antibodies, which further verified the universality of this immunochromatographic strategy.

Thiamethoxam↗
PubMed2026

Exploring the mechanism of aroma production in fermented cherry juice by L. brevis LD1.0600 using flavomics and whole genome analysis.

This study focused on L.brevis LD1.0600 with excellent fermentation traits: it analyzed genome-wide key regulatory genes for micro-metabolites, combined with fermented cherry juice flavor metabolomics data, and used machine learning to explore correlations between gene regulation, metabolite production, and flavor formation. The SVM model screened and verified fermented cherry juice VOCs; through OAV and flavor wheel analysis, LD1.0600 emerged as the top-performing strain, with a sweet, fruity dominant aroma. Key aroma-active components (OAV&#xa0;>&#xa0;100) included 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, benzaldehyde, 2-methyl-butanoic acid and hexanoic acid, and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and hexanoic acid elevated by LD1.0600-regulated genes (Chrom1-001884, Chrom1-000925, fabF and Chrom1-000199). At the same time, through research, a "strain screening-SVM screening of DVCs-OAV screening of key aroma components-whole genome sequencing of flavor regulatory genes" system was established. This system can not only be applied to the screen fermentation strains, but also can be extended to the application of other fermentation products.

Fermentation↗
PubMed2026

MicroRNAs in Oral Bio-Fluids as Predictive Biomarkers of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review was designed to assess scientific evidence of the association of microRNA expression during orthodontic tooth movement through various time points. A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA checklist. A search strategy was developed in electronic databases including Med Line, Scopus, EBSCO Host and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global until June 2025. Eligibility criteria included studies that investigated microRNA expression in saliva/GCF during orthodontic treatment. The risk of bias of the included studies was analysed using the QUADAS-2 and RoB-2 tools. The search retrieved 2800 records, of which nine studies were selected. Minor variations in GCF collection were noted, while stimulated saliva was collected in one study. RT-PCR and the Fluro meter accounted for the majority of miRNA estimation. Thirteen miRNAs were identified as target biomarkers for OTM regulation. Despite the high risk of bias, the evidence from the current systematic review indicates that microRNAs can be considered as potential biomarkers of orthodontic tooth movement in oral biofluids. Trial Registration: Prospero ID-CRD420251153064.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Spatially resolved multi-omics analysis of indigenous Bacillus-fortified high-temperature Daqu.

Layer-dependent patterns associated with indigenous Bacillus fortification on high-temperature Daqu remain unclear. Here, six indigenous functional Bacillus strains were combined to fortify Daqu at three inoculation levels (QH4, QH5, QH6), with non-fortified as the control (CK). Upper, middle, and lower shelf-layer samples were profiled by physicochemical measurements, volatilomics, organic acid analysis, untargeted metabolomics, 16S/ITS amplicon sequencing, and metagenomics. PERMANOVA showed significant effects of treatment, spatial layer, and their interaction on physicochemical, volatile, bacterial, and fungal profiles (P&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.001). Among the three inoculation levels, QH5 showed the most balanced performance: QH5_M exhibited the highest observed mean peak temperature (63.3&#xa0;&#xb0;C; +4.5&#xa0;&#xb0;C relative to CK_M), and its group-mean temperature remained &#x2265; 60&#xa0;&#xb0;C for seven consecutive days. Multi-omics analyses indicated coordinated, non-linear, and layer-dependent differences associated with indigenous Bacillus fortification, with QH5_M showing the most pronounced combined thermal, pyrazine, substrate, microbial, and predicted functional profile. These findings indicate that moderate indigenous Bacillus fortification was associated with distinct layer-dependent thermal and flavor profiles and coordinated microbial, metabolic, and predicted functional differences.

Bacillus↗