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PubMed2026

In situ product monitoring in heterogeneous reaction of gaseous trimethylamine on Fe2O3/Fe(NO3)3: Effect of environmental factor and particle property.

Gas-particle reactions represent an important atmospheric heterogeneous transformation process for organic amines (OAs). Environmental factors and particle properties may impact the gas-particle reaction products. Although the products from gas-particle reactions can be monitored by various in situ techniques, related data remain scarce. Here, the interfacial and gaseous products from the reaction of trimethylamine on Fe2O3/Fe(NO3)3 particles under light irradiation with mixed NO2, O2, SO2 and H2O were monitored using in-situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Dark reaction of gaseous trimethylamine on Fe2O3/Fe(NO3)3 generated two interfacial products types: N-containing ones (CH3NCH2, CH3NO2, (CH3)2NCHO, and CH3N(OH)CHO) and N-free ones (alcohols, aldehydes and acids), both accumulating with reaction progression. Light irradiation and O2 oxidation enhanced formation of these products, while NO2 promoted the production of CH3NO2 and (CH3)2NCHO. H2O and SO2 occupied the active sites of particles to inhibit the formation of all products. Compared to Fe(NO3)3, Fe2O3 showed absolute dominance in contribution to the formation of products. Considering the smaller particle size of Fe2O3 and excess Fe(NO3)3, the physical mixing of them reduced the generation of interfacial products. Furthermore, gaseous products of CH3OH, HCHO, CH3CHO, HCOOH and CH3COOH detection clarified the N-free interfacial products. The presence of Fe(NO3)3 inhibited the formation of HCOOH and favored the formation of CH3CHO in the gas phase. By combining product information with thermodynamic calculations, the heterogeneous reaction pathways of trimethylamine were tentatively proposed. These findings provide a guiding significance for the migration of OAs in real atmospheric environment.

Methylamines↗

PubMed2026

Dietary approaches for glycemic management in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review of Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Specific dietary approaches for better management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have not been thoroughly investigated. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets for glycemic management in people with T1D. METHODS: We examined longitudinal studies (cohort studies and clinical trials) including individuals with T1D who followed low-carbohydrate diets (<26% calories from carbohydrates and/or <130 g of carbohydrates per day) and/or a Mediterranean diet, while hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and/or time in range (TIR) were measured. Additional eligibility criteria included publication in English and availability of a full-text primary research article. Non-longitudinal studies, abstracts, and studies published in languages other than English were excluded. Results were synthesized narratively, and the GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool was used to assess article quality. RESULTS: A total of 565 studies were identified from PubMed, the Web of Science, and citation chasing. After removal of duplicates and further evaluation, 22 studies (6 cohort studies and 16 clinical trials; total n = 3284) were included in this review. The search was initially completed in May 2024, and updated February 2026. Low-carbohydrate diets were associated with better glycemic management when compared to usual diets or baseline glycemic parameters. Studies using CGM were overall underpowered. The impact of Mediterranean diets was less clear, but generally appeared to be less effective at improving glycemic management than low-carbohydrate diets. DISCUSSION: Although structured dietary interventions for T1D hold promise for improving glycemic outcomes, further research is needed to determine exactly which dietary intervention is most beneficial for this population. The evidence provided by included studies is limited by small sample sizes and short durations; better powered, longer-term studies are required to inform clinical recommendations.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Premenarche risk factors for future dysmenorrhoea: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Dysmenorrhoea, or pain during menstruation, is common in adolescence and is often dismissed or left untreated. Dysmenorrhoea can interfere with daily functioning and can lead to other chronic pain conditions; however, little is known about the risk factors for dysmenorrhoea. We aimed to characterise premenarche risk factors for the presence and severity of future dysmenorrhoea. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we obtained data for female adolescents from the population-based Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (USA) who were premenarchal at baseline (age 9-10 years) and had both reached menarche and completed the Menstrual Cycle Survey at 3-year follow-up (age 12-13 years). Parents or guardians provided sociodemographic information and completed the Child Behavior Checklist, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children, and the Pubertal Development Scale, which captured data on non-painful somatic symptoms, attention problems, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and pubertal development at baseline. Our primary objective was to analyse associations between dysmenorrhoea at 3-year follow-up (status and severity) with select symptom domains (sleep problems, attention problems, somatic symptoms, anxious or depressive symptoms, and baseline pain status) at baseline. We also investigated associations between dysmenorrhoea and participant characteristics (pubertal status, race or ethnicity, and income-to-needs ratio) that underlie social determinants of health. Differences by race were tested using Fisher exact tests. Differences by ethnicity and baseline pain status were tested using χ2 tests. Differences in continuous variables were assessed using ANOVA. Wilcoxon-Rank Sum tests were used in analyses of sleep problems, attention problems, and somatic symptoms, and ANOVA was used for pubertal status and income-to-needs ratio. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test associations with dysmenorrhoea severity, and linear regression was used to test associations with dysmenorrhoea status and menstrual pain interference. FINDINGS: 2254 female adolescents were included in this study. 1299 (57·6%) participants developed dysmenorrhoea at age 12-13 years, and 247 (19·0% of those with dysmenorrhoea) reported severe dysmenorrhoea. Non-painful somatic symptoms were prospectively associated with future dysmenorrhoea (odds ratio [OR] 1·17 [95% CI 1·04-1·32]; p=0·0070), whereas anxiety or depression, sleep disturbances, and attention problems were not. Sleep disturbances were prospectively associated with menstrual pain interference (β coefficient 0·16 [95% CI 0·01-0·31]). Advanced pubertal status at ages 9-10 years was prospectively associated with risk of dysmenorrhoea 3 years later (OR 1·79 [95% CI 1·47-2·17]; p<0·0001), as was lower income-to-needs ratio (0·96 [0·93-1·00]; p=0·031). Black (1·38 [1·05-1·83]; p=0·024) and Hispanic (1·34 [1·03-1·68]; p=0·010) young females were at a significantly greater risk of experiencing dysmenorrhoea than were White and non-Hispanic young females, respectively. INTERPRETATION: Sociodemographic characteristics and clinical symptoms present before menarche might help to identify at-risk individuals for dysmenorrhoea before pain becomes a lifelong issue. FUNDING: The National Institute of Nursing Research, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A Dynamic Nomogram to Predict Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) involves multiple metabolic disorders. This study aimed to identify high-risk populations for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with MetS and to establish a dynamic predictive nomogram. METHODS: A total of 627 patients with MetS from six regions in Zhejiang Province were enrolled and categorized into MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups, then randomly assigned to training and validation sets at a ratio of 7:3. Independent predictors of MAFLD were identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariable logistic regression analyses. These predictors were then used to construct a dynamic nomogram. RESULTS: A total of 627 patients with MetS were included in the final analysis, of whom 77.0% (483/627) were diagnosed with MAFLD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), MetS-defined dysglycemia, and education level as independent risk factors for MAFLD. MetS-defined dysglycemia showed the highest odds ratio (OR) for MAFLD development [OR = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-3.29]. Although the number of MetS components and the metabolic syndrome score were significantly associated with MAFLD in univariate analysis, they were not independently associated with MAFLD in the multivariate model. A dynamic nomogram for predicting MAFLD risk in patients with MetS was developed and internally validated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.834 (95% CI: 0.787-0.880) in the training set and 0.839 (95% CI: 0.771-0.899) in the validation set, indicating strong predictive performance. Bootstrap internal validation demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed outcomes in calibration curves. Decision curve analysis further indicated favorable clinical applicability of the nomogram. CONCLUSION: BMI, WC, TC, ALT, MetS-defined dysglycemia, and education level are independent risk factors for MAFLD. A dynamic nomogram for predicting MAFLD risk in patients with MetS was successfully developed and validated.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Pictographs: feasibility and acceptability of a novel method of newborn identification to reduce wrong-patient errors in the NICU.

Wrong-patient errors cause serious harm in newborns. These errors involve ordering and administering tests, procedures, medications, and breast milk to an unintended patient. Newborns receiving care in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are at particularly high risk. Although more distinct newborn naming conventions as recommended by the Joint Commission significantly reduce wrong-patient orders, name similarities among multiple-birth infants and truncation of differentiating information in some electronic health record (EHR) systems contribute to this persistent increased risk. Accordingly, novel newborn identifiers are urgently needed. We propose Pictographs - images that are appealing, recognizable, and appropriate - to serve as visual identifiers for newborns in NICUs. Pictographs are selected by caregivers, uploaded into the EHR, and displayed at bedside. As part of a multicenter randomized controlled trial assessing effectiveness of Pictographs to prevent wrong-patient order errors, we initially evaluated feasibility and acceptability of Pictographs at two study sites. Pictographs as novel visual identifiers for newborns in the NICU were generally well received by caregivers and clinicians, and the vast majority of caregivers selected a Pictograph for their infant(s), which was posted at the bedside and uploaded into the EHR. Ordering clinicians - the primary target of the intervention to prevent wrong-patient errors - recognized the potential for Pictographs to provide a visual cue when placing orders, particularly for multiple-birth infants. Here, we describe the rationale, implementation, framework, feasibility, usefulness, and acceptability of Pictographs among key stakeholders. If found effective for preventing wrong-patient errors, Pictographs could be adopted as a patient safety solution in hospitals worldwide.

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PubMed2026

ENLIGHTENme: Translating the Benefits of Self-Administered Daytime Light Supplementation to Older Adults in the Real World.

Controlled studies have demonstrated that light supplementation benefits circadian entrainment, sleep and mood. Translating these findings into effective, real-world usage of light supplementation is, however, challenging because naturalistic and supplemental light exposure are shaped by personal habits and environmental light conditions. Bridging this translation gap is especially critical for older adults, given the reduced ocular light sensitivity associated with natural ageing, which exacerbates low daytime indoor light exposure in urban housing. We therefore set out to investigate the determinants of self-directed light supplementation in this population, and what the real-world feasibility and efficacy of daytime light supplementation is. We recruited 202 participants (63-92 years; 139 females) to our interventional, prospective, randomised study in three major EU cities at different latitudes (Amsterdam, Bologna, Tartu). Participants underwent a 2-week baseline assessment of light exposure, rest-activity patterns and sleep through wearables and daily diaries. Participants were then randomised to either 12 weeks of self-implemented indoor light supplementation using a lamp placed in their most frequently used room (> 8000 melanopic EDI, N = 98) or a no-intervention group. A subsequent 2-week reassessment showed that greater naturalistic light exposure was associated with increased daytime activity, consolidated wakefulness, better subjective sleep quality, and reduced metabolic disorder incidence. Individuals with lower naturalistic light exposure self-initiated earlier and longer indoor light supplementation across seasons, in which supplementation onset before 10:00 was associated with greater daytime activity and lower rest-activity fragmentation. These results confirm that this simple, non-pharmacological, and low-cost intervention has broad potential to support healthy ageing in urban settings.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Obesity-Related Coagulation Activation in Adolescents and Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

UNLABELLED: Obesity is recognized as a pro-thrombotic condition, yet the extent of coagulation activation across biomarkers remains unclear. This meta-analysis evaluates the impact of obesity on parameters-D-dimer, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), factor VIII (FVIII), and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP)-in children and adults. METHODS: Sixty-four studies comprising 59,503 individuals were analyzed. Plasma biomarker levels were compared between non-obese and obese groups using standardized mean differences (SMDs), with subgroup analyses. RESULTS: D-dimer was significantly elevated in adults with obesity (SMD 1.36, 95% CI 0.47-2.25, p = 0.003) and children with obesity (SMD 0.77, 95% CI 0.19-1.36, p = 0.009), indicating increased fibrin turnover. Fibrinogen levels were markedly higher in both adults (SMD 1.17, 95% CI 0.14-2.20, p = 0.03) and children (SMD 1.43, 95% CI 0.93-1.92, p < 0.0001). PAI-1 showed the most pronounced increase in adults (SMD 2.30, 95% CI 0.1.51-3.09, p < 0.0001) and children (SMD 3.54, 95% CI 1.65-5.43, p = 0.0002). FVIII levels were modestly elevated (SMD 0.52, 95% CI 0.10-0.94, p = 0.02), whereas vWF levels showed inconsistent changes. ETP was significantly higher in obesity, in children (SMD 1.06, 95% CI 0.24-1.88, p = 0.01) and adults (SMD 0.71, 95% CI 0.46-0.97, p < 0.0001). Gender-stratified data indicated higher PAI-1, fibrinogen, and ETP levels in females. CONCLUSION: Obesity is associated with increased coagulation activation, suggesting a pro-thrombotic shift. These findings support the need for age- and gender-specific research into obesity-related hemostatic alterations.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Diagnostic value of plasma cell-free DNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing in patients with suspected infections and exploration of clinical scenarios-a retrospective study from a single center.

BACKGROUND: Plasma cell-free DNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a non-invasive comprehensive method for the etiological diagnosis of various infectious diseases. However, research on the early diagnosis and real-world clinical impact of plasma mNGS in patients with suspected infection are still limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively included 140 patients with suspected infections who underwent early plasma mNGS and conventional culture testing. Referring to the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases, the diagnostic performance of plasma mNGS and culture tests was compared, and the application scenarios and clinical effects of plasma mNGS were evaluated. RESULTS: The positive rate of plasma mNGS was significantly higher than that of culture methods (55.71% vs 25.10%, p < 0.001) and blood cultures (55.71% vs 12.86%, p < 0.001). Regarding clinical diagnosis, the sensitivity of plasma mNGS was significantly higher than that of culture (58.27% vs 37.80%, p = 0.002). The combination of mNGS and culture achieved a higher detection sensitivity (69.29%), especially in patients with multi-site co-infections (73.68%) and blood infections (73.17%). Plasma mNGS demonstrated higher sensitivity in patients with procalcitonin (PCT) index > 5 ng/ml or human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) index > 200 ng/ml. In terms of treatment, a total of 69 patients (54.33%) benefited from plasma mNGS. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the significant improvement in pathogen detection performance by combining conventional culture with plasma mNGS detection, especially in patients with multi-site co-infections and blood infections. Early use of plasma mNGS as an adjunct to culture can better guide clinicians to initiate appropriate anti-infective therapy.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Proteomic characterization of the acquired enamel pellicle under acidic challenges at early and mature formation stages.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to characterize acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) proteomic changes after exposure to citric acid (CA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) under different pellicle formation times (3 and 120 min) in the same volunteers. DESIGN: Nine healthy volunteers participated in this randomized crossover in vivo study. The AEP was allowed to form for 3 or 120 min and subsequently exposed for 10 s to deionized water (control), 1% CA (pH 2.5), or 0.01 M HCl (pH 2.0). Pellicle samples were collected, followed by protein extraction, tryptic digestion, and analysis by nanoliquid chromatography (nanoLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) with MSE (data-independent acquisition; nanoLC-MSᴱ). Label-free quantitative proteomics were performed for relative quantification using t-test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: At 120 min, CA exposure markedly reduced several typical AEP proteins, especially acidic proline-rich proteins (PRPs). Conversely, basic PRPs were upregulated, suggesting acid-resistance protein signature. At 3 min, basal-layer proteins (PRPs, cystatins, histatins and mucins) were more abundant. Hemoglobins increased 6-8-fold (up to 150-fold in 3 min control), suggesting association with early pellicle formation and an acid-resistant protein signature. CA exposures for 120 min also upregulated typical AEP proteins (PRPs, mucins, cystatins, immunoglobulins), while HCl exposure depleted albumins and lactotransferrin. CONCLUSION: Intrinsic and extrinsic acids induce distinct proteomic signatures in the AEP. Hemoglobin and PRPs appear consistently enriched in the early pellicle layer, reflecting an initial acid-resistant protein signature. These findings provide new insights into the molecular remodeling of the AEP following intrinsic and extrinsic acid exposure, highlighting proteins potentially involved in early-stage pellicle formation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Co-Use of Some Substances Associated With Higher Doses in Adolescents: Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.

PURPOSE: Adolescence is a critical developmental period marked by heightened vulnerability to initiating substance use, with long-term implications for health and behavior. Nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis are the most commonly used substances among adolescents. Their use often co-occurs but few studies have described or quantified the patterns and doses of substance co-use in this vulnerable population. METHODS: We used data from six waves of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Substance use was measured through a web-based timeline followback interview, and outcomes are operationalized into substance use quantity (in standard units), single use, and co-use (use of two substances on the same day) of alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine. Group differences of average dose in standard units between single use and co-use for each substance class were analyzed using linear mixed-effects modeling in years 4-6. RESULTS: The average dose of nicotine was significantly higher when co-used with alcohol (4.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.55-6.09; p < .001) or when co-used with cannabis (4.41; 95% CI: 2.76-6.05; p < .001) in year 6; nicotine trends were similar in years four and five. In year 6, the average dose of alcohol was higher when co-used with cannabis (1.87; 95% CI: 0.37-3.36; p = .004) or co-used with nicotine (1.64; 95% CI: 0.06-3.22; p = .03) compared to single use of alcohol. The average dose of cannabis was not significantly different when used singularly or co-used with either alcohol or nicotine in our study years. DISCUSSION: During adolescence, the co-use of substances (namely alcohol and nicotine) may lead to higher average doses compared to single-substance use.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effectiveness of Caregiver-Mediated Spoken Language Interventions for Children Under Five at Risk of Developmental Language Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Caregiver-mediated interventions are commonly used by Speech and Language Therapists to support early language development. Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is associated with reduced quality of life throughout the lifespan. Understanding factors that predict intervention success is essential for developing appropriate, cost-effective therapy provision for the approximately 12% of preschool children who present with early markers for Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of caregiver-mediated spoken language interventions for under-fives at risk of DLD, and factors influencing intervention effectiveness. METHODS: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Five electronic databases were searched to identify experimental studies comparing caregiver-mediated spoken language interventions to control conditions in under-fives presenting with risk factors for DLD. Risk factors included prematurity, socioeconomic factors, caregiver language development concerns, and formal or informal language screening or assessment scores. Twenty-six experimental studies with 1407 child participants were included in qualitative synthesis. Meta-analysis was performed on nine Randomised Controlled Trials involving 947 children. RESULTS: Effectiveness was examined for outcomes including child language gains, child wellbeing, inclusion and attainment. Meta-analysis indicated a significant effect of caregiver-mediated spoken language interventions on language outcomes compared to treatment-as-usual, non-language intervention or waitlist control conditions. Non-language outcomes were evaluated via qualitative synthesis. Interventions significantly improved language development trajectories for under-fives presenting with risk factors or early markers for DLD. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: This review contributes to the growing evidence base demonstrating that caregiver-mediated interventions can positively impact language development and wellbeing outcomes for children under five at risk of DLD. These findings support the implementation of caregiver-mediated environmental language interventions in clinical practice to maximise accessibility and cost-effectiveness while delivering optimal outcomes for vulnerable populations. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: What is already known on this subject Previous research on caregiver-mediated spoken language interventions has highlighted gaps in the evidence regarding the impact of risk factors, demographic characteristics, dosage and intervention components on child language outcomes. Developmental Language Disorder has relatively high population prevalence, estimated at 7%. Prevalence is associated with risk factors including low household socioeconomic status (SES), prematurity and late language emergence. In contrast to its prevalence, there is low public and professional awareness of DLD and a low diagnostic rate. Therefore, a strengthened evidence base and additional insights into the factors affecting success of family-based interventions is important in order to increase the effectiveness of service provision and care planning for this underserved population. Timely and effective intervention with young children presenting with early markers for DLD has the potential to offer lifelong improvement to their wellbeing, inclusion and attainment outcomes. Recent systematic reviews of the effectiveness of caregiver-mediated language interventions had differences in population age range and diagnostic inclusion criteria. What this paper adds to existing knowledge Our review examines the effectiveness of caregiver-mediated early spoken language interventions on child language, attainment and wellbeing, and on caregiver self-efficacy and adherence to language support strategies. Our population was children under five presenting with risk factors for Developmental Language Disorder, in the absence of other neurodevelopmental or genetic conditions such as intellectual disability or autism. This review adds depth and detail to the evidence base supporting the effectiveness of caregiver-mediated spoken language interventions in improving outcomes for this population of young children, and factors that influence their success. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The high prevalence of Developmental Language Disorder, estimated at around 7% of the population, and the strong association with risk factors including low SES, prematurity and late language emergence, coupled with the low awareness of DLD and low diagnostic rate, mean that a strengthened evidence base and additional insights into the factors affecting success of family-based interventions can increase the effectiveness of service provision and care planning for this population. Timely and effective intervention in this group of young children has the potential to improve wellbeing and attainment outcomes across the lifespan. This review contributes to our understanding of how to implement cost-effective, socially valid and maximally engaging partnership working with families of young children at risk for DLD.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of olive leaf or olive pomace supplementation on cardiometabolic and anthropometric health markers.

AIMS: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are major contributors to global morbidity and mortality, and dietary bioactives such as polyphenols may modulate key risk factors. Olive by-products, particularly olive leaves (OL) and olive pomace (OP), are rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardiometabolic effects demonstrated across in vitro, preclinical, and clinical studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: This GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis included 30 randomized controlled trials (n = 1726) evaluating OL or OP supplementation on 21 standardized biomarkers, encompassing inflammatory markers, lipid profile, glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, anthropometric measures, and blood pressure. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models, with effect sizes calculated as mean differences (or standardized mean differences for oxLDL). Between-study heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses explored potential sources of variability. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg's test and funnel plots where appropriate. OL supplementation significantly improved lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, ApoB, oxLDL) and increased ApoA1, while reducing TNF-α, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body weight, and BMI. No significant effects were observed on glycemic markers. OP supplementation showed no consistent cardiometabolic benefits and was associated with an increase in IL-8. Certainty of evidence ranged from very low to high, with several outcomes downgraded due to imprecision, heterogeneity, or limited study numbers. CONCLUSION: These findings support the targeted use of OL as an adjunctive strategy for cardiometabolic risk management. Evidence for OP supplementation remains limited, underscoring the need for well-powered, high-quality RCTs to clarify its clinical effects.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The effect of dietetic counseling combined with digital tools intervention on hemodynamic markers in Greek adults: The GATEKEEPER Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hypertension is a leading cardiovascular risk factor with substantial global impact on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. While lifestyle interventions remain central to management, mHealth technologies offer promising adjunctive support, though their clinical effectiveness remains uncertain. This study evaluated whether combining dietetic counseling with digital tools improves hemodynamic markers in adults aged ≥55 years with increased cardiometabolic risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: This 3-month RCT (NCT05031299) included 954 adults with at least one metabolic syndrome risk factor, allocated 1:1:1 to Standard Care (dietetic counseling), Platform (counseling plus web-based platform), or Platform + Devices (counseling plus platform plus wearables). Outcomes included anthropometrics, lifestyle characteristics, blood pressure, pulse pressure, and estimated pulse wave velocity, analyzed using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age and sex. All groups improved over 3 months. Waist circumference decreased by -6.29, -4.92, and -4.69 cm across Standard Care, Platform, and Platform + Devices groups respectively, and systolic blood pressure declined by -4.84 to -7.15 mmHg across groups. The Platform + Devices group showed greater increases in physical activity (94.62 MET-min/week; 95% CI 66.49 to 122.76) and greater reductions in pulse pressure (-3.90 mmHg; -6.58 to -1.22) versus Standard Care. Weight loss was associated with lower odds of hypertension (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.7), greater likelihood of hypertension reversal (OR 3.6; 1.2-10.3), and higher probability of achieving normal pulse pressure (OR 1.8; 1.1-3.1). CONCLUSIONS: Dietary lifestyle intervention improved cardiometabolic outcomes, with limited added benefit from digital tools. Weight loss was the primary driver of hemodynamic improvement.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

From human papillomavirus (HPV) infection to HPV-associated cancers in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The current cervix-focused screening paradigm in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may underestimate extra-cervical anogenital cancer risk. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-associated cancers in SLE patients. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed (2010), Embase (2010), and Cochrane Library (2010) to August 8, 2025. Odds Ratios (ORs) and Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIRs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were calculated. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251122192). RESULTS: SLE was associated with significantly increased odds of HPV infection (OR = 4.12, 95% CI 2.03, 8.32). We further assessed the risk of HPV-associated malignancies in SLE patients. SLE patients exhibited substantially elevated risks across multiple HPV-associated cancers (SIR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.51, 2.38). The risk of cervical cancer was more than doubled (SIR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.75, 2.89). Notably, even higher risks were observed for extra-cervical anogenital cancers, namely vulvar/vaginal cancers (SIR = 5.60, 95% CI 3.71, 8.43). CONCLUSIONS: SLE is associated with elevated risks of HPV infection and a broad spectrum of HPV-associated cancers. Subgroup analyses suggested that cyclophosphamide use, multiple sexual partners, and Asian populations may constitute higher-risk subgroups. These findings highlight the need for additional prospective evidence to better characterize HPV-associated cancer risks in SLE patients.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Factors Associated With Accelerated Fracture Healing in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury and Extremity Comminuted Fractures: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.

OBJECTIVE: Although traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been clinically associated with accelerated bone healing, the factors that determine which patients experience this phenomenon remain poorly defined, and previous findings are conflicting. This study aimed to investigate the clinical factors associated with accelerated fracture healing in patients with TBI combined with comminuted fractures of the limbs, so as to provide an evidence-based foundation for elucidating the clinical phenomenon of TBI-promoted fracture healing. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study design was employed. Patients between January 2020 and April 2024 with concurrent diagnoses of TBI and comminuted fractures were included. Based on radiographic findings and RUST/mRUST scores, patients were divided into an accelerated healing group (AHG) and a normal/delayed healing group (NDHG). Clinical data including demographics (age, sex, BMI), TBI characteristics (injury site, GCS score), admission laboratory indices (blood count, coagulation function, inflammatory markers), and fracture site/local soft tissue conditions, as well as functional outcomes assessed by the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire at final follow-up were collected. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to identify independent factors influencing accelerated fracture healing. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate their predictive value. RESULTS: A total of 119 patients were included, with 69 in the AHG and 50 in the NDHG. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of age, BMI, GCS score, and platelet count (p < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that age, BMI, GCS score, red blood cell count, and platelet count were associated with accelerated fracture healing (p < 0.20). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that younger age (OR = 0.875, 95% CI: 0.821-0.934) and lower GCS score (indicating more severe TBI; OR = 0.490, 95% CI: 0.339-0.707) were independent predictors of accelerated fracture healing. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for age and GCS score in predicting accelerated healing were 0.893 and 0.851, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with TBI combined with comminuted fractures, younger age and greater TBI severity (lower GCS score) are independent predictors of accelerated fracture healing. These findings assist clinicians in the early identification of patients with high healing potential to optimize treatment strategies, facilitate the early identification of high-risk patients, and provide clinical clues for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying neurohumoral regulation of bone regeneration.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genome-wide characterisation of the myosin light chain gene family in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) and its expression patterns in muscle fibre types and injury response.

The Class II myosin light chain (myl) genes in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) have not yet been systematically characterised, and relationships with muscle fibre specification, development, and injury-associated remodelling remain unclear. In this study, fast and slow muscle fibres were initially distinguished using myofibrillar ATPase histochemistry. Subsequently, genome-wide mining identified 16 Class II myl genes, comprising eight essential and eight regulatory light-chain subunits. Their conserved-domain features, chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships and expression profiles were analysed. Transcriptomic profiling showed that summed myl transcript abundance was higher in fast muscle than in slow muscle, accounting for 67.2% of the pooled myl transcript pool across the two muscle types (paired t-test, raw P = 0.036). mylpfa, myl1 and mylz3 were the major fast-muscle-associated genes, whereas myl10, myl2b and myl13 were preferentially expressed in slow muscle at the transcript level. These patterns support these genes as candidate fibre-type-associated expression markers. Developmental profiling identified stage-associated myl expression patterns, including a possible expression shift between mylpfb and mylpfa. In the descriptive injury-repair time course (d0-d7), FPKM profiles indicated that fast-muscle-associated genes (mylpfa, mylz3 and myl1) were lower at d1 and recovered by d3, whereas several slow-muscle-associated genes showed biphasic transcript-level increases. The slow-muscle-associated RLC gene mylpfb showed a delayed expression peak at d7. Notably, the embryonic isoform myl6l showed a modest increase from approximately 2 FPKM at d0 to 4-5 FPKM after injury, suggesting a possible injury-associated expression pattern that requires further validation. Together, these findings provide a genome-wide description of the Chinese perch myl gene family and identify candidate fibre-type-associated genes and descriptive injury-associated isoform expression patterns.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Transcription regulation of cell fate plasticity - from embryonic development to tissue regeneration.

Cell fate plasticity refers to the capacity of cells sharing the same genome to alter, reverse, or reconfigure their identity under physiological, pathological, or experimental conditions. This property underlies embryonic development, cellular reprogramming, and tissue regeneration, but becomes progressively restricted as lineage identity is stabilized. Embryonic development represents an intrinsic process of fate transitions, whereas reprogramming and regeneration reveal how differentiated cells can dedifferentiate or transdifferentiate under specific conditions. Across these contexts, plasticity is governed by multilayered regulatory networks involving transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, cofactors, and the core transcription machinery. Robust regulatory programs stabilize cell identity, whereas stochastic fluctuations in gene expression and chromatin state can prime cells for fate transitions, adding a tunable dimension to plasticity control. In this review, we synthesize recent advances in the regulation of cell fate plasticity across development, reprogramming, and regeneration, highlighting how transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, transcriptional cofactors, and core transcription machinery cooperate to control cell fate decisions and plasticity.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Factors associated with successful integration of pharmacists into residential aged care teams: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Australia's Aged Care Onsite Pharmacist program aims to support quality use of medicines in residential aged care homes. This is a novel role introduced into existing teams in a complex environment. Factors associated with successful integration since implementation are currently unknown. AIM: This study aims to explore the perspectives of pharmacists and other stakeholders within aged care homes regarding successful integration of the novel aged care pharmacist service into healthcare teams. METHODS: A qualitative approach, using interpretive descriptive methodology, was used to explore perspectives. Semi-structured focus groups and interviews with pharmacists, nursing and care staff, allied health professionals, general practitioners, residents, and family members were undertaken. Data were collected via Zoom™, audio- and video-recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Two researchers undertook inductive thematic analysis to identify key themes. RESULTS: 30 participants across focus groups, focus-group interviews, interviews, and member-checking processes contributed. An overarching theme of proactivity and showing a genuine interest in others underpinned three key themes. Theme 1: Pharmacists needed to be seen, through physical presence and availability, as well as developing a distinct identity. Theme 2: Pharmacists needed to build trust, through collaboration in real time and demonstrating value. Theme 3: Pharmacists needed to develop an understanding of the aged care home environment, including social and contextual norms, as well as procedures, routines and roles. DISCUSSION: This research complements existing understandings of interprofessional collaboration and teamwork amongst healthcare professionals. Themes were interlinked; we used a sensitising framework, social cognitive theory, to present and explain the findings and interactions that can support pharmacist integration into existing teams. Aged care services should structure onboarding to prioritise early visibility, clarify roles and organisational needs, and foster in-person collaboration. Pharmacists should demonstrate proactivity and an authentic interest in all staff, residents and families.

Humans↗