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PubMed2026

[Pathogenicity analysis and prenatal genetic counseling for five Chinese pedigrees harboring a hemizygous c.-32C>G variant of FGF13 gene].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathogenicity and prenatal counseling strategies for five Chinese pedigrees harboring a hemizygous c.-32C>G (NM_001139500.2) variant of fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13) gene. METHODS: Five Chinese pedigrees found to carry a hemizygous c.-32C>G variant of the FGF13 gene at the Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital between January 2024 and January 2025 were selected as study subjects. The pedigrees had undergone prenatal diagnosis for a family history of genetic disorders, abnormal fetal ultrasound findings, or advanced maternal age. A retrospective analysis was carried out, wherein clinical data for all members of the pedigrees were obtained through the medical records system and outpatient visit system. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all pedigree members, and amniotic fluid samples were obtained from the probands. Following extraction of genomic DNA, prenatal diagnosis was performed using chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and trio whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES). Sanger sequencing was used to determine the carrier status for the candidate variant, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess the cognitive function of hemizygous individuals carrying the FGF13 gene c.-32C>G variant. Pathogenicity of candidate variant was assessed based on guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the hospital (Ethics No.: 2021-171). RESULTS: CMA and trio-WES revealed no pathogenic variants in all probands, whilst trio-WES and Sanger sequencing had identified 11 male individuals carrying a hemizygous c.-32C>G variant of the FGF13 gene from the five pedigrees, which included six adult males, a young boy, and four fetuses. One fetus had undergone termination of pregnancy due to hydrocephalus, one was born pre-term at 34+1 weeks of gestation owing to maternal hypertension, and other two were delivered at full term. Follow-up of the survived males revealed no phenotypic manifestations related to language or intellectual impairment. Among these, three adult males underwent the MMSE assessment, all of whom showed normal cognitive function. Search of the gnomAD database suggested the carrier frequency of FGF13 c.-32C>G variant in the East Asian population to be 0.125%, with 11 hemizygous males documented. Three male patients harboring the variant showed severe intellectual disability. Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that it could reduce the translation levels of FGF13 protein. Based on the ACMG guidelines, it was classified as variant of uncertain significance (BS4+PS3_Supporting). CONCLUSION: There is insufficient evidence to classify the FGF13 c.-32C>G as a pathogenic variant in clinical practice, and its presence should not be considered an indication for pregnancy termination due to major birth defects.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Muscle Massage Adding Capacitive Resistive Electric Transfer Therapy in Active or Sham Condition for Post-Exercise Recovery in Athletes: A Crossover Clinical Trial.

The increasing demands of elite sports reduce recovery time, impair performance, and increase injury risk. Efficient lactate transport is essential for postexercise recovery. Capacitive resistive electric transfer (CRET) therapy enhances deep tissue heating, induces vasodilation, and promotes circulation. To evaluate whether adding active CRET to a standardized muscle recovery massage, compared with the same massage plus sham CRET, influences indicators of muscle recovery following a maximal anaerobic effort test. A randomized, single-blind, sham-controlled, and crossover clinical trial was conducted in 25 athletes. Participants completed four visits and, after the maximal power and anaerobic capacity test (Wingate test), received a standardized muscle recovery massage combined with either active CRET or sham CRET. Blood lactate levels, muscle oxygenation, muscle thickness, echogenicity, knee extension force, and muscle activity were assessed before and after the test, after treatment, and 24&#xa0;hours later. Compared with massage plus sham CRET, massage plus active CRET was associated with lower blood lactate concentration at 60&#xa0;min postexercise (p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.029). Ultrasound-derived muscle thickness and echogenicity also differed between conditions at several time points (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in Wingate test performance, force, muscle activity, and oxygenation between conditions. In athletes performing repeated Wingate exercise, adding active CRET to massage was associated with lower blood lactate concentration at 60&#xa0;min postexercise and with differences in ultrasound-derived muscle thickness and echogenicity compared with sham CRET plus massage. However, these between-condition differences were not accompanied by clear short-term functional recovery benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT06906146.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Diurnal differences in the effects of heat exposure on renal function: A randomized controlled crossover trial.

High temperature is a major risk factor for kidney injury, and population exposure to nighttime heat is increasing as the climate warms. However, whether renal responses to heat exposure differ between daytime and nighttime remains unclear. Forty-one healthy adults participated in a randomized crossover experiment conducted in a controlled laboratory setting. Participants were exposed to heat (32&#xb0;C during daytime; 30&#xb0;C during nighttime) and thermoneutral conditions (26&#xb0;C) for 8&#x202f;h. Blood and urine samples were collected before and after each exposure to examine various renal biomarkers reflecting glomerular filtration function, tubular injury, and early kidney stress. Heat exposure affected both blood and urinary biomarkers of kidney function, with notable diurnal differences in renal responses. Daytime heat exposure primarily affected blood markers of glomerular filtration, increasing creatinine by 7.67% (95% CI: 4.73%-10.61%) and cystatin C by 3.05% (95% CI: 0.17%-5.93%), while reducing estimated glomerular filtration rate by 0.05% (95% CI: 0.02%-0.08%). In contrast, nighttime heat exposure predominantly elevated urinary biomarkers of early kidney stress, including insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (58.40%, 95% CI: 27.66%-89.14%), kidney injury molecule-1 (47.25%, 95% CI: 18.91%-75.59%), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (51.88%, 95% CI: 22.26%-81.51%). Moreover, increases in insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 were significantly greater at night than during the day. Sleep-related parameters, including sleep quality, duration, and heart rate variability, partially mediated nighttime heat effects on renal responses. These results indicated that heat exposure induced different diurnal patterns in renal responses.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Simulating the effects of an alcohol minimum unit price policy on distilled spirits sales in 28 states of the USA.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Excessive alcohol use is a leading preventable chronic disease risk factor. Alcohol minimum unit pricing (MUP) policies are not used in the United States despite evidence of associations with reduced drinking and alcohol-related harms. To inform potential population-level chronic disease prevention strategies, we estimated effects of various hypothetical MUPs on alcohol sales. METHOD: Simulation based on observational time-series data. We used weekly off-premises product-specific alcohol retail sales and prices in 28 states of the United States for November 2022-November 2023 from NielsenIQ to estimate the own-price elasticity of spirits and cross-price elasticities of wine, beer and ready-to-drinks with respect to spirits. Using estimated elasticities, we simulated changes in total alcohol sales associated with hypothetical spirits MUPs ranging from $0.10 to $1.10 per standard drink (0.6 fluid ounces of alcohol). RESULTS: A hypothetical MUP of $0.80 per standard drink on spirits yielded the largest estimated decrease in alcohol sales (-1.7%) and would affect 5374 of 26&#x2009;249 spirits products. To reach the $0.80 MUP, the sales-weighted average price increase among affected products was $0.24 per drink. CONCLUSIONS: Minimum unit pricing policies on distilled spirits in the United States could shift purchasing behavior and help reduce alcohol-related harms.

alcohol policy↗
PubMed2026

Co-location of services: an umbrella review to consider how primary care estates could be better used to support disadvantaged groups.

AIM: To examine how co-located community and health services in primary care could support disadvantaged groups. BACKGROUND: Co-locating services is thought to improve access, collaboration, and patient outcomes. There are thousands of primary care premises across the UK. At a time of stagnating or widening health inequalities, they present an ideal opportunity to support communities, especially in disadvantaged areas. METHOD: We conducted a systematic umbrella review. Articles were retrieved from Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid Embase with supplementary snowball and grey literature searches. Reviews of co-located services supporting disadvantaged groups in primary care between 2010 and February 2024 were included. Quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Two reviewers assessed eligibility, extracted data and assessed quality. Outcomes relating to health, welfare, healthcare utilization, and activity and processes were assessed. Data were narratively synthesized using a convergent integrated approach. FINDINGS: 2626 studies were screened, supplemented by snowball and grey literatures searches. Thirteen reviews were included for synthesis. One review included meta-analysis. Three models of care were identified; legal advice, welfare advice, and complementary health care. Data were synthesized according to themes: access and engagement, quality of care, efficiency, improved health, and improved social factors. We found co-located services can improve access to care, engagement in treatment, and quality of care for disadvantaged groups. Improvements to social determinants of health and mental health and well-being outcomes were reported. Findings were inconsistent when considering the impact of co-location on efficiency. We conclude that co-located services in primary care have the potential to improve identification of people most in need and improve their access to high quality health care and social support. Policy makers and practitioners should maximize the use of primary care estates to support disadvantaged groups and communities.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

The gonadal matrisome and its correlation with sex change in the ricefield eel Monopterus albus.

The matrisome is a comprehensive list of genes in the genome of an organism, which encodes proteins constituting or interacting with the extracellular matrix (ECM). The gonadal ECM is important for folliculogenesis and spermatogenesis. This study characterized the composition of the matrisome and the expression of matrisome genes in the gonad of ricefield eel, a protogynous sex-changing teleost, during sex change. A total of 838 matrisome genes were identified in the genome of ricefield eel through an in-silico orthology-based approach, of which 482, 443, 429, and 570 matrisome genes were shown to be expressed in the gonads of female (F), early intersexual (EI), mid-intersexual (MI), and late intersexual (LI) fish, respectively. Differentially expressed matrisome genes (DEMGs) were observed across all the sexual stages as well as in each category of ECM components. Analysis of DEMGs in the comparison between EI and F revealed dramatic upregulation of adam8a, mmp9, and s100a11 while downregulation of col4a5, col15a1b, clec3ba, f13a1, and ccl44, which were further confirmed by qPCR analysis. Together, these findings revealed significant changes in the expression of many matrisome genes, particularly three regulator genes, adam8a, mmp9 and f13a1, as female ricefield eels initiate sex change, suggesting that gonadal tissues undergo dramatic remodeling involving the regression of ovarian tissues and the development of testicular tissues to facilitate this process. These data provide valuable resources for further unraveling the roles of matrisome genes in gonadal development of ricefield eel and other vertebrates.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Not just when, but how: An exploratory dual-control approach to video feedback in motor learning.

The present study provides exploratory evidence for a novel dual-control paradigm. It examines whether combining temporal over video feedback timing with learner-controlled interactive playback functions (pause, slow-motion, rewind) would enhance motor skill acquisition beyond temporal autonomy alone. Sixty-four novice adults were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: Full Control (self-controlled timing + interactive replay), Partial Control (self-controlled timing + non-interactive replay), Yoked Full Control (externally controlled timing + interactive replay), or Yoked Partial Control (externally controlled timing + non-interactive replay). Motor accuracy (Radial Error), movement consistency (Bivariate Variable Error), technical execution, and self-efficacy were assessed at pre-test, 24-h retention, and 72-h retention following two acquisition sessions on a dart-throwing task (120 trials total). The Full Control group demonstrated the greatest and most durable learning gains across all outcomes. The Group &#xd7; Time interaction was significant across all dependent variables (&#x3b7;2&#x209a; ranging from 0.140 to 0.234), with Full Control demonstrating superior retention at both 24 and 72&#xa0;h relative to other groups (though differences relative to Partial Control were more pronounced at 72-h retention). Critically, the Yoked Full Control group showed comparatively weaker outcomes despite access to the same interactive playback functions. These findings suggest that interactive video tools may be most useful when learners can regulate both when feedback is accessed and how it is inspected. Theoretical and practical implications for the design of learner-centered video feedback systems are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Relationship between participant-reported outcomes, residual beta cell function and metabolic parameters in youth with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Clinical trials of interventions to preserve beta cell function in new-onset type 1 diabetes frequently employ participant-reported outcome measures (PROMs). However, the expected changes in PROMs scores immediately following diagnosis and their association with residual beta cell function, metabolic markers and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) are unclear. METHODS: Repeated PROMs including Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory diabetes module (PedsQL) and hypoglycaemia fear survey (HFS) were recorded from participants aged 10-18 years with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and their parents in two clinical trials: CLOuD (N=97, hybrid closed loop [HCL] vs multiple daily injections [MDI]) and USTEKID (N=72, ustekinumab immunotherapy vs placebo). Scores were compared with serial mixed meal-stimulated C-peptide levels (AUC C-peptide), HbA1c and CGM data. RESULTS: PedsQL and HFS scores for children/adolescents and their parents showed wide variation between individuals but did not change substantially within individuals over the first 48 months from diagnosis. Baseline scores were highly predictive of scores at 12-48 months (p<0.001). PedsQL scores were higher (better) in those reported by children/adolescents than by their parents (p<0.01). In contrast, HFS scores were higher in parents than children (p<0.001), indicating more fear. Strong correlations were observed between child and parent scores (p<0.001). No significant improvement in these scores was detected following intervention (ustekinumab or HCL). Meta-analysis revealed modest but statistically significant associations between HbA1c and PedsQL (&#x3b2;(std)=-0.11; 95% CI -0.20, -0.03) and HFS (&#x3b2;(std)=0.11; 95% CI 0.00, 0.21), and between CGM time in range and PedsQL (&#x3b2;(std)=0.14; 95% CI 0.03, 0.26) but not HFS (&#x3b2;(std)=-0.05; 95% CI -0.16, 0.06). Beta cell function (AUC C-peptide) was strongly associated with HbA1c (&#x3b2;(std)=-0.29; 95% CI -0.39, -0.20) and CGM time in range (&#x3b2;(std)=0.41; 95% CI 0.30, 0.52). Higher beta cell function showed a trend towards better PedsQL (&#x3b2;(std)=0.11; 95% CI -0.03, 0.25) and lower HFS (&#x3b2;(std)=-0.05; 95% CI -0.17, 0.07) but this did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: PedsQL and HFS scores changed little during the first 48 months after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. These scores showed modest but statistically significant associations with measures of glucose management (HbA1c and CGM time in range), whereas the relationships with residual beta cell function (C-peptide) were weaker and did not reach significance. The modest size of these effects suggests current PROMs capture only limited aspects of the clinical benefit associated with beta cell preservation. Future research should incorporate psychometric instruments that are specifically adapted for young people using modern diabetes technologies and undergoing disease-modifying therapy, to ensure outcomes are meaningfully represented in early-stage type 1 diabetes trials.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Time to subsequent therapy (TTST) as an endpoint in clinical studies: development of standardized documentation of subsequent therapy through systematic literature review, expert interviews, and Delphi survey.

BACKGROUND: The endpoint Time to Subsequent Therapy (TTST) is an intermediate endpoint used in research and regulatory assessments. TTST denotes initiation of subsequent therapy and is a clearly definable, clinically relevant event for healthcare professionals. However, it has not been systematically established to which extent TTST is subjectively meaningful to patients. The objective of this study was to define TTST as a patient-relevant intermediate endpoint. METHODS: The study examined five oncological indications (breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, multiple myeloma, and non-small cell lung cancer) using a systematic literature review, analysis of case report forms used in international randomized controlled trials, review of German Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) documents, semi-structured interviews and a two-stage Delphi survey with healthcare professionals, patients, and relatives. RESULTS: A total of 35 individuals participated in qualitative interviews. Most of them rated TTST as particularly significant. The Delphi Survey included 264 interviewees in round one, and 117 in round two. Patient-relevance of TTST was confirmed by 81% of respondents (95% confidence interval 76%, 85%). Nine treatment scenarios that justify TTST were identified. To capture patient-relevance, prospective collection of reasons for and consequences of therapy change are required. A checklist with standardized response formats plus free-text fields was developed: a comprehensive master checklist for flexible, complete documentation and a short version focused on therapy change-specific items. CONCLUSIONS: TTST is an intermediate endpoint whose systematic documentation of characteristics demonstrating patient-relevance can be standardized in research and clinical practice using the developed checklists.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Beyond risk factors: A capacity framework for cancer survivorship research.

Cancer survivorship research has identified numerous biological, behavioral, psychosocial, health care, and structural factors that influence recovery. However, these factors are typically studied as separate determinants rather than interacting influences. This commentary proposes available survivorship capacity as a unifying framework that explains how these diverse determinants collectively shape recovery and survivorship outcomes. Concepts from geroscience, health care delivery, rehabilitation, occupational therapy, and human factors science were synthesized to develop a conceptual framework of available survivorship capacity. The framework conceptualizes recovery as a function of the capacity remaining after competing health care and life demands draw upon survivors' finite physical, cognitive, emotional, social, financial, temporal, and health care resources. It generates testable propositions for measurement, intervention research, health care delivery, and implementation science while positioning available survivorship capacity as a common mechanism linking diverse determinants of recovery and identifying actionable targets for intervention. Available capacity offers a unifying conceptual framework for understanding heterogeneity in survivorship outcomes and intervention effectiveness while generating a research agenda for future survivorship science. Measuring and strengthening survivors' available capacity, while reducing unnecessary demands, may improve engagement in care, health behaviors, and long-term recovery.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Beyond Glycaemia: Fear of Hypoglycaemia, Cognition and Functional Mobility After Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of a Randomised, Single-Centre Study.

BACKGROUND: Evidence on psychological, cognitive and functional outcomes of advanced diabetes technologies in older adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes (T1D) remains limited. We evaluated whether initiation of advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) therapy was associated with changes in fear of hypoglycaemia, diabetes distress, psychological well-being, cognition, frailty-related measures and mobility-related function in adults aged &#x2265;&#x2009;65&#x2009;years with T1D. METHODS: This prespecified, exploratory secondary analysis was conducted within a single-centre, open-label, randomised, controlled, parallel-group trial including adults aged &#x2265;&#x2009;65&#x2009;years with long-standing T1D. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to initiate AHCL therapy using the MiniMed 780G system or to continue standard diabetes treatment. The secondary outcomes included WHO-5, the 17-item Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS), Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II (HFS-II), Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, Fried frailty phenotype and performance-based functional measures. No formal sample-size calculation was performed for these secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty-one participants were randomised and 29 completed 12&#x2009;months of follow-up and were included in the treatment-effect analyses. In the baseline-adjusted primary analysis, AHCL therapy was associated with a lower HFS-II score than standard treatment (adjusted mean difference -18.9; 95% CI: -32.4 to -5.4; nominal p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.008), although this finding did not remain statistically significant after Holm correction (adjusted p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.104) or in an exploratory model additionally adjusted for sex (difference -13.6; 95% CI: -32.2 to 5.0; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.145). Diabetes distress, psychological well-being, global cognition and processing speed did not differ between groups. In sex-adjusted sensitivity analyses, the between-group differences remained statistically significant for 6-min walk distance (92.6&#x2009;m; 95% CI: 36.8 to 148.3; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.002) and Timed Up and Go performance (-2.27&#x2009;s; 95% CI: -4.28 to -0.27; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.028), but not for gait speed (0.27&#x2009;m/s; 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.59; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.099). At 12&#x2009;months, 12 of 14 AHCL participants were robust and 2 were pre-frail; in the control group, 11 of 15 were robust and 4 were pre-frail. No participant was classified as frail at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In this small, selected cohort, AHCL therapy was associated with a nominally lower fear-of-hypoglycaemia score and better performance on selected mobility-related tests over 12&#x2009;months. The fear-of-hypoglycaemia finding did not remain statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons or additional adjustment for sex. Six-minute walk distance and Timed Up and Go remained statistically significant in the exploratory sex-adjusted sensitivity analyses, whereas the gait-speed difference did not. No measurable between-group deterioration in global cognition or processing speed was observed. These exploratory findings require confirmation in larger studies with balanced representation by sex and direct measurement of physical activity. These findings also support a person-centred clinical message: older age alone should not be regarded as a barrier to AHCL when treatment is introduced with individualised education and appropriate ongoing support.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Ancient DNA and Human Physiology.

Ancient DNA (aDNA) enables the reconstruction of chronologically sampled genomes from ancient humans, animals, plants, pathogens, and microorganisms, as well as environmental DNA, providing a record of biological changes through time. Improvements in short and degraded DNA extraction methods and low-cost sequencing now enable the generation of broad, cross-regional datasets that expand evolutionary analyses from past population demography to biological mechanisms. By tracking temporal shifts of allele frequencies, integrating functional genomics resources (e.g., gene expression, chromatin structure variation), modeling population demography to separate selection from genetic drift, and aligning genetic changes with archaeological, cultural, and climatic data, aDNA has the potential to link sequence variation to physiological function within their temporal and environmental contexts. In this review, we summarize illustrative case studies from aDNA research spanning complex traits, dietary adaptations, and responses to pathogens and other environmental changes, showing how human biology has evolved under multiple selective pressures through time. These dated signals help triage experimental work and expose mechanisms that are rare or absent in living cohorts. Although some challenges remain, such as geographic and temporal sampling disparities, limitations in data resolution and variant detection, and genotype-phenotype uncertainties, rapid methodological progress and stronger ethical frameworks are expanding what can be inferred, making aDNA a promising tool for refining physiological pathways, their timing, and their drivers.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Reliability of resting heart rate measurements in atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND: Heart rate (HR) control in atrial fibrillation (AF) is commonly guided by resting HR measurements, usually with 12&#x2011;lead ECG or in-office pulse palpation. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the reliability of resting HR measurements in AF patients with long-term ambulatory ECG and activity monitoring. METHODS: We included patients who had recorded a full-disclosure ambulatory ECG with a mobile cardiac telemetry device equipped with an accelerometer (PocketECG, MEDICALgorithmics, Poland), with at least 95% AF. Resting HR samples (&#x2264;20 per individual/day) were collected as 10-s daytime (8&#xa0;am to 8&#xa0;pm) measurements after &#x2265;10&#xa0;min of rest. These samples were compared to each individual's mean daytime resting HR. RESULTS: In 832 patients (median age 77 (interquartile range (IQR) 69-83) years, 42% women) with a median registration duration of 13&#xa0;days (IQR 7-22), the population mean daytime resting HR was 85 (&#xb1;15) beats per minute (bpm). A single resting HR differed from the mean daytime resting HR by a mean of &#xb1;10.4% (IQR 3.6-14.4%). When the mean daytime resting HR was &#x2265;110&#xa0;bpm, 29% of resting HR samples were&#xa0;<&#xa0;110&#xa0;bpm, and when the mean daytime resting HR was 80-109&#xa0;bpm,11% of samples were&#xa0;&#x2265;&#xa0;110&#xa0;bpm. Resting HR measurement variability decreased to 5.3% (IQR 1.9-7.5%) when four resting HR samples were averaged. CONCLUSION: In patients with AF, a single resting HR measurement often differs substantially from the mean daytime resting HR. When a precise measurement is clinically relevant, repeated resting HR sampling or ambulatory monitoring can address this measurement imprecision.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Watershed-scale risk assessment of cadmium contamination in Chinese cropland soils: Dual pathways of irrigation input and flood-driven transport.

Irrigation and flood events serve as critical pathways for the transport of cadmium (Cd) from industrial sources into cropland soils at the watershed scale, constituting a major driver of widespread Cd contamination in China's cropland soil. This study evaluated the risk of Cd contamination in cropland soils across China's nine major river basins at the watershed scale, focusing on the contributions of irrigation and flood events, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of key risk factors. The assessment was conducted within a framework that considered factors including hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. The results revealed that numerous watersheds in southeastern China are exposed to dual pressures of Cd contamination risks in cropland soils, driven by both irrigation practices and flood events. Watersheds categorized as High-High, High-Moderate, or Moderate-High risk, reflecting combined Cd contamination risks from irrigation and flood, are vital to China's grain production, contributing 67.1 % of the national cropland area and 66.4 % of the grain yield. The study suggests localized strategies for managing cropland soils Cd contamination risks from irrigation and flood at the watershed scale in China, alongside strengthened cross-regional collaboration in southeastern China.

Cadmium↗
PubMed2026

Serotypic and Genomic Diversity of Vibrio anguillarum in Rainbow Trout Farms in Turkey: Implications for Vibriosis Control and Vaccine Candidate Selection.

Outbreaks of vibriosis caused by Vibrio anguillarum are a persistent constraint on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture. However, information on the population structure of field strains in Turkey has been lacking. Here, we report the first systematic serotypic, proteomic, and genomic characterization of 23 V. anguillarum isolates collected over 10&#x2009;years from rainbow trout farms located in six major aquaculture regions of Turkey. Serological analyses based on microagglutination, supported by ELISA characterization of hyperimmune sera, identified a clear predominance of serotype O1, whereas isolate V12 exhibited a non-agglutinating, atypical O-antigen profile. Protein profiling (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting showed largely conserved whole-cell protein patterns among the isolates, but distinct immunogenic bands at 14, 18, and 40&#x2009;kDa were detected in isolates V18 and V21. Long-read whole-genome sequencing revealed that most Turkish isolates grouped within the global O1 clade, while V12, V25, and V28 isolates occupied more distant branches. Comparative genomics demonstrated a conserved core virulence gene set (RTX toxins, siderophore and iron-uptake systems, motility and adhesion factors, Type VI secretion system), with strain-dependent variation in accessory loci such as anguibactin and T6SS-I. Experimental infections of rainbow trout demonstrated significant differences in virulence among isolates (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05), with the V18 isolate showing high, the V15 intermediate, and the V12 low-mortality rates. By elucidating the relationship among the serotype, immunogenic protein profiles, virulence gene repertoires, and in&#xa0;vivo pathogenicity, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the antigenic and genomic diversity of Vibrio anguillarum isolates from Turkey. Notably, the identification of V18 and V21 as promising candidate strains for further vaccine evaluation, characterized by high virulence and unique immunogenic features, provides a scientific foundation for the development of serotype-specific vaccination strategies to mitigate vibriosis-associated losses in aquaculture.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Psychological consequences of AI-assisted training and the buffering role of mindfulness.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into athletic training is accelerating, yet its psychological implications for athletes remain insufficiently understood. Drawing on the transactional model of stress and the stress-buffering framework of mindfulness, this study examined whether mindfulness training can mitigate adverse psychological responses associated with AI-assisted training. Using a randomized controlled factorial design, 160 collegiate athletes were assigned to AI-assisted training or standard training, with or without concurrent mindfulness intervention, and assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 8. Athletes exposed to AI-assisted training without psychological support exhibited increases in perceived stress and AI dependence over time. In contrast, these stress increases were substantially attenuated when mindfulness training was implemented alongside AI-assisted training. A significant AI &#xd7; Mindfulness &#xd7; Time interaction emerged for perceived stress at post-intervention, and difference-in-differences analyses corroborated a robust buffering effect. Mediation analyses further indicated that mindfulness training reduced stress partially through enhancing mindful awareness; a three-wave cross-lagged analysis showed that mindful awareness and stress were reciprocally related over time, with the hypothesized awareness-to-stress pathway remaining robust. Together, these findings suggest that AI-assisted training introduces a distinct form of evaluative pressure, and that mindfulness training may serve as an effective psychological buffer during the adoption of continuous algorithmic performance evaluation systems.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Nonviral transposon&#x2011;engineered stem cells characterization: dose&#x2011;dependency between vector copy number and transgene expression.

Genetically engineered stem cells hold substantial promises for advancing regenerative medicine, yet ensuring their genomic safety remains a critical challenge. A key safety concern is vector copy number (VCN), which defines the number of integrated transgene copies per genome. Although ddPCR is used to assess VCN in virally transduced cells, its application in transposon&#x2011;engineered systems is limited. In this study, we extended VCN determination to non&#x2011;viral, transposon&#x2011;engineered stem cells. In alignment with FDA recommendations, the primary objective was to establish a robust and quantitative framework for interim VCN determination at the time of lot release. Specifically, we demonstrate that reliable interim VCN estimates increase in a dose&#x2011;dependent manner with increasing plasmid input. In addition, strong linear correlations between VCN and both EGFP median fluorescence intensity (MFI) and gene&#x2011;of&#x2011;interest (GOI) protein expression validate the accuracy of this framework. Furthermore, comparison of two distinct GOIs revealed gene&#x2011;specific differences in expression efficiency. Together, these findings validate a standardized VCN determination workflow that quantitatively links plasmid dose, genomic integration, and functional transgene expression. This workflow provides a systematic characterization of engineered cells, offering comprehensive information to support downstream risk&#x2011;based analyses to ensure the genomic safety and stability of the final cell product.

Transgenes↗
PubMed2026

Cross-tissue multi-omics integration highlights BPHL and mitochondrial targets in Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet specific molecular targets remain to be fully characterized. METHODS: A summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) framework integrated AD genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics (39,918 cases) with blood DNA methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL), gene expression (eQTL), and protein (pQTL) data for 1136 mitochondria-related genes. Associations were assessed using Bayesian colocalization and HEIDI testing. Tissue relevance was evaluated in four brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, cortex, frontal cortex) using GTEx and external transcriptomic datasets. RESULTS: Screening identified eight candidates supported across blood mQTL and eQTL layers. Stepwise central nervous system (CNS) evaluation singled out biphenyl hydrolase-like (BPHL) as the consistent candidate. Higher genetically predicted BPHL expression was associated with reduced AD risk across the hippocampus (OR=0.920, 95% CI 0.873-0.970), amygdala (OR=0.925, 95%CI 0.880-0.973), cortex (OR=0.943, 95% CI 0.908-0.978), and frontal cortex (OR=0.938, 95%CI 0.901-0.976). These findings aligned with protein-protein interactions connecting BPHL to respiratory complexes and lower BPHL expression in independent AD brains. Functional enrichment converged on oxidative phosphorylation pathways. CONCLUSIONS: By integrating multi-omics data with tissue-specific validation, this study nominates BPHL as a consistent protective candidate in the brain. These findings provide genetic support for mitochondrial molecular perturbations in AD, offering insights for future validation.

Alzheimer Disease↗