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Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial: explore 427 source-linked works published from 2025 to 2026, with original documents and citations.

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Includes records with this source-supplied label or an explicit phrase match in their metadata. Matches indicate a mention, not proof that a paper uses a method or tests a material. Source versions are consolidated by DOI.

Sources: pubmed. Collection updated 2026-09-15. Counts describe this index, not the complete source archives.

PubMed2026

Same-day initiation of tenofovir alafenamide-based pre-exposure prophylaxis with drug-level feedback for transgender women in Uganda.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of same-day initiation of emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and test the impact of drug-level feedback on PrEP adherence among transgender women (TGW) in Uganda. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. METHODS: HIV-negative TGW were randomly assigned 1 : 1 to intervention (drug-level feedback with tailored adherence counseling) or standard-of-care (SOC), and followed quarterly for 12 months (November 2021-July 2023; NCT04491422). Quarterly clinic visits included demographic and socio-behavioral data collection, PrEP refills, STI testing, and quarterly PrEP adherence assessment using tenofovir levels in dried blood spots (DBS; long-term) and urine (short-term). RESULTS: We enrolled 200 TGW (100 per arm), median age 21 years. Same-day F/TAF PrEP initiation was 100%. Tenofovir detection in urine (intervention arm) was 79, 80, 85, and 70% at the 3, 6, 9, and 12-month visits, respectively. Tenofovir detection in DBS was 46, 40, 35, and 31% at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively. Median tenofovir DBS concentrations were 40.6 and 47.0 fmol/punch in intervention and SOC arms, respectively. There was no intervention effect on PrEP adherence (DBS tenofovir levels) [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.06; 95% CI: 0.82-1.37]. Never being harassed by police for being transgender (aIRR 1.66; 95% CI: 1.24-2.23), history of taking daily medication for more than 7 days (aIRR 1.51; 95% CI: 1.18-1.93) and higher monthly income (aIRR 1.44; 95% CI: 1.10-2.04) were associated with PrEP adherence. CONCLUSION: Oral F/TAF PrEP adherence among TGW in Uganda was low and not affected by drug-level feedback or tailored adherence counseling. Long-acting injectable PrEP formulations should be considered for this population.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Multimodal intervention benefits: Responder analysis of J-MINT PRIME Kanagawa trial.

INTRODUCTION: The J-MINT PRIME Kanagawa trial was an 18-month multimodal intervention (incorporating exercise, nutrition, and metabolic management) for dementia prevention. Because the primary analysis showed no significant benefits, we performed an exploratory responder analysis to identify responsive subpopulations. METHODS: We analyzed the Full Analysis Set comprising 188 participants. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, applied to the intervention arm, identified baseline predictors of cognitive improvement. These rules were then applied to the entire cohort to evaluate treatment effects on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) using fully adjusted mixed-effects models for repeated measures (MMRM). RESULTS: CART identified a "Target Group" (N = 108) characterized by baseline profiles such as an MMSE score < 28 or specific metabolic ranges (e.g., LDL-C < 135 mg/dL). Within this target group, the intervention significantly preserved MMSE trajectories compared with the control group (group × time interaction, P = 0.022). In contrast, the Non-Target Group (N = 80), consisting of high-functioning individuals (MMSE ≥ 28), exhibited no significant group × time interaction. DISCUSSION: Multimodal interventions may effectively preserve global cognition in older adults with sub-threshold cognitive decline. Careful targeting of appropriate populations, while considering potential longitudinal measurement artifacts (e.g., practice effects), is essential. These findings provide a hypothesis-generating framework that warrants external validation in future prevention trials.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KABP051 Probiotic on Body Composition, Microbiome and Mood in Healthy Overweight Adults.

Obesity and mental health disorders are among the greatest public health challenges of the 21st century. Interestingly, an altered microbiome profile has been associated with both conditions. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with a specific probiotic strain (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KABP051) on body composition and gut microbiome balance, together with measures of mood state, in a population of healthy overweight subjects. Sixty healthy, moderately stressed, nondepressed and overweight or obese volunteers were supplemented for 12 weeks with probiotic (L. plantarum KABP051; 1 billion colony forming units/day) or placebo (microcrystalline cellulose). The KABP051 group experienced significantly greater improvements compared with placebo on body composition measurements, including a reduction in body weight and waist circumference, which decreased in 1.97 ± 0.77 (mean ± SE) kg and 2.15 ± 0.81 (mean ± SE) cm versus placebo at the end of the intervention (both P < .05, mixed model for repeated measures [MMRM] and post-hoc analysis). Microbiome composition improved in KABP051 group, with significant increase in the relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus spp. versus placebo. Body fat percentage, profile of mood states fatigue, and confusion sub-scores showed a global trend toward improvement compared with placebo, with the change at 12 weeks being significant in the three measurements in post-hoc analysis (P = .015, P = .014, and P = .016, respectively). No serious adverse events were registered during the intervention period. These results suggest that a specific strain of probiotic bacteria (L. plantarum KABP051) may have both metabolic and psychobiotic effects and may be beneficial for enhancing weight loss and body composition, improving energy (less fatigue) and mood levels while embarking on a healthy lifestyle regimen. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06808061.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Premature closure underlies bias in medical diagnosis in students: A randomised controlled experiment.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study reported in this article was to shed light on the cognitive mechanism mediating between biasing information and diagnostic error. The literature suggests at least two different hypotheses: premature closure leading biased participants to spend less time on diagnosis or increased competition between diagnostic hypotheses. The latter hypothesis predicts that biased participants would spend more time reaching a diagnosis. METHOD: Using the salient distracting findings (SDF) experimental paradigm, we biased 58 fourth-year medical students while diagnosing 12 clinical vignettes in a within-group incomplete block design under three conditions: cases presented without SDF, with SDF at the beginning and with SDF at the end. For each of these conditions, diagnostic accuracy, the number of SDF-related mistakes and time per word needed to process the case were recorded. The data were analysed using linear mixed modelling. Estimated marginal mean scores were reported. RESULTS: Participants confronted with salient distracting features (SDFs) at the beginning of a clinical case demonstrated significantly lower diagnostic accuracy (mean 0.11) compared with the No-SDF condition (0.27), representing a 61% reduction (F2,693 = 11.995, p < 0.001), and made more SDF-related mistakes (F2, 693 = 16.395, p < 0.001). When SDFs were presented at the end of the case, diagnostic accuracy was also reduced (mean 0.17; 36% reduction), but processing time did not differ from the No-SDF condition. Only early presentation of SDFs was associated with reduced processing time per word (F2,636 = 4.799, p < 0.01), consistent with premature closure. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that biasing information increases diagnostic error in medical students and that only early bias is associated with reduced information processing. The data do not support the competition hypothesis for early bias, as processing time did not increase under biasing conditions. Premature closure can therefore be directly observed rather than inferred, inviting further research.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Bacterial Lysates Add-On Therapy to Reduce Postoperative Recurrence in Nasal Polyps.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the potential role of OM-85 in reducing polyp recurrence (PR). METHODS: A single-center randomized, prospective study was performed to compare the inter-group PR rate, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), CT and endoscopic scores. Hundred patients were randomized to receive either add-on OM-85 (34/50) or control group (43/50); 77 participants completed the 12-month follow-up. The OM-85 group received oral treatment for 10 days, followed by a 20-day washout (Months 1-3 and 7-9). Primary outcome was the PR rate. Secondary outcomes included PROMs, Lund-Kennedy (L-K) scores, Lund-Mackay (L-M) scores, and complete blood count (CBC) parameters. RESULTS: The PR rate was significantly lower in the OM-85 group (8.82%) than in the control group (27.91%, χ 2 = 4.408, p = 0.036). Univariable analysis identified pre-operative Lund-Mackay (L-M) score (p = 0.008) and hyposmia VAS score (p = 0.031) as significant predictors of PR. In multivariable analysis, the L-M score remained an independent predictor (OR = 1.15, p = 0.012), with an optimal cutoff of 10. The OM-85 group showed significant improvements in nasal obstruction, olfactory dysfunction, and mucopurulent discharge at 6 and 12 months (p < 0.05). Lund-Kennedy (L-K) score and 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) score were also significantly improved (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the OM-85 group exhibited elevated white blood cell counts and lymphocyte percentages from 6 months onward (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Adjuvant OM-85 may reduce postoperative PR, with improved endoscopic and symptom scores, potentially mediated by enhanced systemic immune function.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Virtual Reality Mastoidectomy as Precadaver Training for Novices: A Randomized Crossover Study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare cognitive load during virtual reality (VR) simulation and cadaveric dissection (CD) mastoidectomy training in novice learners. To determine whether training order influences cognitive load, characterize cognitive load progression during the procedure, and assess whether VR training improves subsequent cadaveric performance. METHODS: In this randomized crossover study, 24 core surgical trainees with no prior mastoidectomy experience performed a cortical mastoidectomy in both VR and CD settings. Participants were randomized to either VR-first or CD-first training sequences. Cognitive load was measured using a bespoke auditory reaction-time device at baseline and 10, 30, and 50 min. Relative reaction time (RRT) served as an objective index of cognitive load. Cadaveric performance was assessed using the Modified Welling Scale by two blinded otologists. RESULTS: Cognitive load was significantly lower during VR than CD, with mean RRT rising 26% from baseline in VR versus 60% in CD (p < 0.001). Training order did not affect cognitive load in either modality, and RRT increased progressively throughout mastoidectomy in both VR and CD. Participants who began with VR achieved significantly higher cadaveric performance scores than those who began with CD (mean 9.50 vs. 4.96; p < 0.001), and inter-rater reliability for performance scoring was high. CONCLUSION: VR mastoidectomy reduces cognitive load and enhances subsequent cadaveric performance in novice trainees, supporting its role as a cognitively optimized precadaver training modality that complements, rather than replaces, cadaveric dissection. These findings suggest VR enhances early learning efficiency and resource utilization in novice otolaryngology training. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Exploring the role of successful exercise-induced body weight loss on cardiometabolic health in individuals with metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is known to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., VO2MAX), a key marker of cardiometabolic health in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Nonetheless, body weight loss is widely recognized as a crucial factor in reducing insulin resistance and improving metabolic risk factors. Thus, we aimed to determine the importance of body weight loss following exercise training on improving MetS. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-eight adults (55.3 ± 7.9 yr) with overweight/obesity (32.5 ± 4.6 kg·m-2) and MetS were randomized to: a) standard health care non-exercise group (CONTROL group, N=58) or b) standard health care plus 16 weeks of HIIT (EXER group, N=170). MetS (MetS z-score), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2PEAK), maximal cycling power (WPEAK), and body weight/composition were assessed. After intervention, EXER group participants were divided according to their weight loss response to training: i) those achieving the weight loss predicted from estimated exercise energy expenditure (-BW group, n=78; -3.3 ± 2.2 kg); ii) those not reaching the expected weight loss (=BW group, n=38; -0.7 ± 0.5 kg); iii) and those who gained weight (+BW group, n=54; 1.1 ± 1.0 kg). VO2PEAK significantly improved regardless of body weight loss response (-BW, 0.3 ± 0.3; =BW, 0.2 ± 0.3; +BW, 0.3 ± 0.2 L·min-1; all p < 0.001) compared to CONTROL group (0.0 ± 0.3 L·min-1). However, significant improvements in MetS z-score (-0.31 ± 0.41) and HOMA-IR (-0.7 ± 1.6) were observed only in the -BW group (both p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Exercise recommendations should consider that greater improvements in MetS are observed when interventions are accompanied by successful body weight loss. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05120778.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Linked-color imaging with computer-aided detection and the proximal adenoma miss rate: a randomized tandem trial.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Linked-color imaging (LCI) aids the detection and characterization of lesions. Computer-aided detection (CADe) systems have been introduced to improve lesion detection during colonoscopy. Although several studies have been reported regarding LCI, few have investigated the combination of LCI and CADe. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of LCI with CADe colonoscopy compared to conventional white-light colonoscopy. METHODS: A single-center, randomized tandem trial was conducted. Participants referred for first-time colonoscopy after fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-positive, asymptomatic screening, or surveillance colonoscopy were randomized (1:1) to undergo CADe-assisted colonoscopy of LCI or white-light imaging (WLI) in the right side of the colon. The primary outcome was adenoma miss rate (AMR) in the right side of the colon. Secondary outcomes included polyp miss rate (PMR), diminutive adenoma miss rate (dAMR), sessile serrated lesion miss rate (SSLMR), advanced adenoma miss rate, advanced neoplasia miss rate, flat-type lesion miss rate (FMR), and the differences in miss rates based on expertise. RESULTS: Among 232 randomized participants, 209 were analyzed (LCI/CADe: 102; WLI: 107). AMR (WLI: 39% vs LCI/CADe: 20%; P = .001), PMR (42% vs 18%; P < .001), and dAMR (42% vs 21%; P = .003) were significantly lower in the LCI/CADe arm, particularly among experts. SSLMR (46% vs 0%), advanced AMR (30% vs 0%), advanced neoplasia miss rate (25% vs 0%), and FMR (27% vs 5.6%) were lower in LCI/CADe, although without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to conventional colonoscopy, LCI with CADe colonoscopy resulted in a statistically significant decrease, especially in AMR. (UMIN 000050685).

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Inulin, Containing Frutco-Oligosaccharides, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale Scores in College Students.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) inulin on anxiety symptoms in college students. Forty million adults in the United States suffer from anxiety. Previous studies have viewed gut microbiota and its potential link to anxiety in both humans and mice. However, no previous studies focused on the effect of FOS inulin on college students. Fourteen subjects received 4.9 g per day of FOS inulin as the treatment (TX) or no supplement as the control (CON) for 28 days. Both the TX and CON groups were given the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7) on days 1 and 28. Both groups were also given a 3-day food log at the beginning of the experiment and otherwise maintained their regular diet. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in median GAD-7 scores in both groups (P = .017, r = .637 and P = .042, r = .587 for the TX and CON groups, respectively). However, when comparing the GAD-7 scores between groups, no statistically significant results were found. FOS inulin supplementation did not alleviate anxiety symptoms in college students participating in this study.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Improving Sleep and PTSD Outcomes in Service Members: A Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Long-Term Effects of an Integrated Treatment.

Trauma-induced sleep disturbances often persist after successful posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment. While integrated protocols combining sleep and exposure-based treatments may maximize outcomes, prior studies are limited and have largely relied on subjective sleep measures or failed to include long-term follow up assessments. Active-duty service members with PTSD (n = 82) were randomly assigned to Compressed Prolonged Exposure (CPE) treatment or Trauma Management Therapy (TMT), which integrates exposure therapy with sleep hygiene training and other skills-based interventions. PTSD symptoms and actigraphy-based sleep were measured at baseline, posttreatment, 3- and 6-month follow-up and data were compared between groups and across time. Posttreatment, both groups showed negligible to small changes in sleep compared to baseline. However, the TMT group evidenced improvements in most sleep parameters by the 3- and 6-month follow-ups, while sleep health generally worsened in the CPE group over time. Between groups, those randomized to TMT exhibited better sleep efficiency (g = 0.24) and onset latency (g = -0.34) at 3-month follow-up, and better sleep quality (g = 0.70), efficiency (g = 0.51), and wake after sleep onset (g = -0.52) at 6-month follow-up. Within both treatment groups, poorer sleep at the 6-month follow-up was correlated with greater PTSD symptom severity measured at the same time point. Integrated treatment for sleep and PTSD produced superior objective sleep outcomes compared to exposure alone, with the most meaningful improvements in sleep observed 6 months after treatment completion. Several critical directions for future studies are discussed.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of Sacubitril Valsartan Combined With Vericiguat on NT-proBNP and CK-MB Levels in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure.

This study aims to probe the influence of sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets combined with vericiguat on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) levels in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). One hundred and twenty CHF patients were enrolled and stratified into a control group (sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets) and a combination group (sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets + vericiguat). Outcome measures included New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class shifts, echocardiographic indices, cardiac injury markers, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), endothelial function parameters, inflammatory mediator levels, and adverse clinical events. Following a 6-month treatment period, patients in the combination group exhibited superior functional improvement, as reflected by greater advancement in NYHA class. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed more favorable ventricular remodeling in this group, with reduced left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters and an elevated ejection fraction. The combination group had a higher 6MWD. Biomarker analysis showed lower NT-proBNP and CK-MB levels in the combination group. Furthermore, improvements in endothelial function were noted, with decreased endothelin and elevated NO, NOS, and CGRP levels in the combination group. Markers of systemic inflammation, including CRP and IL-6, were also attenuated in the combination group. The incidence of adverse reactions and cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between the groups. Co-administration of sacubitril/valsartan and vericiguat enhances cardiac performance, optimizes vascular endothelial responsiveness, modulates heart failure-related biomarkers, and mitigates inflammatory activity in patients with CHF without increasing the risk of adverse events.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Pharmacokinetic Differences Between Fast-Acting, Standard, and Placebo Cannabis Edibles.

INTRODUCTION: Edibles have become the second-most used cannabis product in legal U.S. states, wherein 64% of cannabis consumers reported using edibles within the past year. Among expansions to the legal cannabis industry are the newly marketed "fast-acting" edible compounds, which may address many of the issues associated with edible use related to overdose and dose management. The study hypotheses were that fast-acting edibles would reach peak concentration significantly faster than standard edibles and placebo edibles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty participants completed three arms within-subjects designed study to test hypotheses. The three arms were ingestion of a (1) fast-acting edible, (2) a standard edible, and (3) a Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) terpene-derived placebo edible that was indistinguishable from the two THC-containing edibles. Blood plasma was analyzed for the presence of THC and THC analytes. The pharmacokinetic parameters tested were time to max concentration (Tmax), maximum concentration (Cmax), terminal half-life (t1/2), and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: Results supported study hypotheses in that Tmax was significantly faster for the fast-acting edible, observed 30 min post-ingestion and, on average, 30 min earlier than the Tmax for the standard edible. There were no significant differences between the fast-acting and standard edibles on Cmax, t1/2, and AUC; however, both the fast-acting and standard edibles were significantly different compared with the placebo across all pharmacokinetic parameters. DISCUSSION: The results indicate that the microencapsulation technology used to create the fast-acting edible enabled analyte concentrations to peak significantly faster compared to the standard and placebo edibles.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Low-Dose Perineural Dexamethasone Enhances Analgesia After Pediatric Hand Surgery Without Elevating Systemic Stress Markers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is a widely used technique for upper limb surgery in children. Although perineural dexamethasone has demonstrated efficacy in prolonging analgesia in adults, data on its optimal dosing and systemic safety in pediatric patients are limited. This study aimed to evaluate whether low-dose perineural dexamethasone can prolong postoperative analgesia without increasing systemic stress markers in young children undergoing hand or wrist surgery. METHODS: In this triple-blinded, randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06086392), 90 children aged 3 months to 6 years undergoing elective upper extremity surgery were assigned to receive supraclavicular brachial plexus block with 0.2% ropivacaine combined with either normal saline (control), dexamethasone 0.05 mg/kg, or dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg. The primary outcome was time from arrival in the postanesthesia care unit to first administration of rescue opioid analgesia. Secondary outcomes included total opioid consumption, postoperative pain intensity using the FLACC scale, blood glucose levels, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and time to motor recovery. RESULTS: Both dexamethasone groups demonstrated significantly prolonged time to first opioid use compared with the control group (mean±SD: 19.4±2.2 h in the 0.1 mg/kg group, 16.0±1.9 h in the 0.05 mg/kg group, and 8.5±1.3 h in controls; P <0.0001). Total opioid consumption was significantly reduced in the dexamethasone groups. Postoperative pain scores were lower in both intervention groups, especially during the first 12 hours. No significant differences were found among groups in blood glucose, inflammatory markers, or incidence of nerve deficits. Motor recovery was delayed in the dexamethasone groups but did not interfere with early mobilization. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose perineural dexamethasone (0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg) safely and effectively prolongs postoperative analgesia and reduces opioid needs in children undergoing upper limb surgery, without causing systemic metabolic or inflammatory disturbances. The 0.05 mg/kg dose may offer a more favorable balance between analgesic efficacy and motor recovery time. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I-randomized controlled trial.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Improving Patient Comfort of Vibratory Anesthetic Devices With a Dampener: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Vibratory anesthetic devices (VADs) reduce dermatologic injection pain, but their vibration can feel harsh at sensitive anatomical sites. Simple modifications improving patient comfort may enhance VAD adoption. OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated whether dampening VAD vibration with a cotton buffer improves patient comfort and characterized tactile features influencing preferences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a single-site, participant-blinded pilot study (N = 53), adults received a dampened VAD (D-VAD) and standard VAD (S-VAD) at 5 sites-lateral nasal wall, submalar cheek, ear helix, lateral neck, and dorsal forearm-in randomized, contralateral application. Site-specific preference was analyzed with binomial and Cochran Q tests; demographic associations with univariate analyses. Word2vec and hierarchical clustering analyzed qualitative reasons behind patient preference. RESULTS: D-VAD was preferred at all sites across demographics-lateral nasal wall (88.7%), submalar cheek (84.9%), ear helix (88.7%), lateral neck (77.4%), and dorsal forearm (75.5%) (all p < .001), with strongest preference at face and head/neck (p = .018). Computational semantics analysis of qualitative responses identified 6 themes driving preference: Smoothness, Gentleness, Controlled, Low Frequency, Low Intensity, and Less Bothersome. CONCLUSION: Dampening VAD vibration with a cotton buffer enhances comfort across sensitive sites, with reduced harshness and smoother sensation underlying preference. This simple modification may improve patient experience, encouraging broader VAD adoption.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effectiveness of kinesiologic tape in the management of postoperative trismus, discomfort, and edema in mandibular fractures: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared kinesiologic taping (KT) with conventional elastic adhesive bandaging in managing postoperative morbidity following open reduction and internal fixation. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective, randomized controlled trial conducted at KLE Dr Prabhakar Kore Hospital, 26 patients with unilateral mandibular fractures were allocated into two groups: Group 1 received an elastic adhesive bandage (n = 13) and Group 2 used KT (n = 13). Pain (Visual Analog Scale), facial swelling (standardized linear measurements), and maximum interincisal distance were recorded at baseline and on postoperative Days 2 and 5. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and independent t tests (p < .05). RESULTS: The KT group showed significantly lower pain scores and reduced facial edema at Days 2 and 5 compared with controls (P < .05). Trismus improved in both groups without significant intergroup differences. No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: KT is a safe and effective adjunct for reducing early postoperative pain and edema after mandibular fracture fixation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effect of Narrative-Based Palliative Care on Psychological Stress, Quality of Life, and End-of-Life Acceptance in Elderly Terminal Cancer Patients and Their Families.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to preliminarily evaluate the impacts of narrative-based palliative care on psychological stress, end-of-life acceptance, and quality of life in elderly terminally ill cancer patients and their family caregivers.MethodsThis single-center, small-sample randomized controlled study enrolled 50 elderly terminal cancer patients. Patients were randomly assigned to either the observation group or the control group (n = 25 each). The observation group received narrative-based palliative care, while the control group received routine standard care. Family psychological stress was assessed using the Relative Stress Scale (RSS), and patients' perceived stress was evaluated with the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Caregiver satisfaction was measured using a hospital-developed questionnaire. Patients' quality of life was evaluated using the SF-36, Chinese Version of the Death Attitude Profile (DAP-C), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively.ResultsBaseline characteristics did not differ significantly between the two groups (P > .05). Post-intervention, the observation group demonstrated significantly lower psychological stress among family members and higher caregiver satisfaction (P < .05). Patients in the observation group reported better quality of life, improved sleep, and greater acceptance of death than those in the control group (P < .05).ConclusionAs a small-sample, single-center study, these findings offer preliminary evidence that narrative-based palliative care may reduce psychological stress in elderly terminal cancer patients and caregivers while enhancing patients' quality of life, sleep quality, and acceptance of death. However, the limited sample size, single-site design, and narrow inclusion criteria restrict generalizability. Larger multicenter trials are needed to confirm these results.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Vancomycin Effectiveness in Reducing Surgical Site Infection in Posterior Spinal Fusion Surgery: A Retrospective Data Analysis of the STRIVE Trial.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. OBJECTIVE: To re-evaluate vancomycin as a preventive measure for surgical site infection (SSI). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Intrawound vancomycin powder is used to prevent SSIs in spinal surgery. Prior studies, often limited to single institutions or small samples, have shown mixed efficacy and potential increases in non- S. aureus and Gram-negative infections. We hypothesized that SSIs rates would be similar with and without intrawound vancomycin in posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery. METHODS: Prospectively collected data from the 3595 patients in the STaphylococcus aureus suRgical Inpatient Vaccine Efficacy (STRIVE) trial were stratified by intrawound antibiotic usage. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the effect of vancomycin use on SSI, adjusting for patient demographics and SSI-associated risk factors. Secondary outcomes included critical care stay, reoperation, sepsis, and hospital readmission. RESULTS: Of 3311 patients who underwent surgery, 847 (26%) received only intrawound vancomycin and 1534 (46%) received no intrawound antibiotics. Sixty (8%) patients developed postoperative SSI, of whom 20 (33%) had received intrawound vancomycin. Receiving intrawound vancomycin was not associated with SSI incidence versus no intrawound antibiotics [odds ratio (OR): 0.77; 95% CI: 0.42-1.42], critical care stay (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.78-1.12), or sepsis (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 0.62-6.73). However, intrawound vancomycin was associated with increased odds of hospital readmission (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.28-2.6; P < 0.001) and reoperation (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.18-2.6; P = 0.005). Factors significantly associated with intrawound vancomycin use included intraoperative antibiotic readministration (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.36-6.5; P =0.006) and hospital location, lower odds in Europe (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.06-0.29; P < 0.001) or Asia (OR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0-0.08; P < 0.001) versus North America. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative vancomycin use was not associated with reduced SSI incidence compared with no intrawound antibiotics after PSF surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Impact of a thermal care bundle on peri-operative hypothermia, surgical site infection, and readmissions in osteosynthesis patients: A randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Maintaining normothermia throughout the peri-operative period prevents the occurrence of complications related to hypothermia. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a thermal care bundle with a short prewarming period on inadvertent peri-operative hypothermia (IPH), surgical site infection (SSI), and unplanned readmission among osteosynthesis patients, and to identify associated variables. DESIGN: Open-label, randomised controlled trial. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred and forty-eight patients who underwent osteosynthesis surgery. INTERVENTION: The intervention group received the thermal care bundle, which consisted in prewarming patients 10 min before anaesthesia delivery and maintaining body temperature with a forced air device during surgery and the immediate postoperative period; in addition, the operating room environmental temperature was kept at 21 °C, and fluids were warmed to 38 °C. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: For the primary objective, hypothermia was defined as core body temperature below 36 °C and measured using the 3M Spot On zero heat flux sensor. Core temperature was recorded upon admission to the pre-operative holding area and subsequently every 30 min until postanaesthesia care unit (PACU) discharge. Secondary objectives were SSI and readmissions: a follow-up at 30 to 60 and 90 days was performed by the principal investigator. RESULTS: All 148 patients completed the study, and there were no significant differences between the groups at baseline. At the start of surgery, the incidence of hypothermia was significantly lower in the bundle group (1.3 vs. 9.9% among controls; odds ratio = 7.59, P  = 0.021). A significantly lower incidence of hypothermia was also observed at admission to the PACU (14.3% in the bundle group vs. 29.6% among controls; odds ratio = 2.07; P  = 0.024). Application of the bundle increased patients' core body temperature by 0.13 °C (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.003 to 0.254; P  = 0.045). Patients in the bundle group had a slightly lower observed incidence of wound infections requiring readmission (odds ratio = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.04 to 2.92), although this difference was not statistically significant ( P  = 0.332). CONCLUSIONS: The bundle reduces peri-operative hypothermia by up to 59%, but does not affect on SSI; factors like presurgery hospital stay, operating room and PACU occupancy were identified as risk factors for SSI. REGISTRATION: 21 July 2022: NCT05469958 (Clinical Trials.gov), first recruitment 15 August 2022.

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Work	Published	Source identifier	Source
Same-day initiation of tenofovir alafenamide-based pre-exposure prophylaxis with drug-level feedback for transgender women in Uganda.	2026-05-06	PMID 42657610	pubmed
Multimodal intervention benefits: Responder analysis of J-MINT PRIME Kanagawa trial.	2026-05-05	PMID 42142416	pubmed
Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KABP051 Probiotic on Body Composition, Microbiome and Mood in Healthy Overweight Adults.	2026-05-01	PMID 42065141	pubmed
Premature closure underlies bias in medical diagnosis in students: A randomised controlled experiment.	2026-04-28	PMID 42051011	pubmed
Bacterial Lysates Add-On Therapy to Reduce Postoperative Recurrence in Nasal Polyps.	2026-04-27	PMID 42037614	pubmed
Virtual Reality Mastoidectomy as Precadaver Training for Novices: A Randomized Crossover Study.	2026-04-27	PMID 42045093	pubmed
Exploring the role of successful exercise-induced body weight loss on cardiometabolic health in individuals with metabolic syndrome.	2026-04-25	PMID 42115078	pubmed
Linked-color imaging with computer-aided detection and the proximal adenoma miss rate: a randomized tandem trial.	2026-04-18	PMID 42009205	pubmed
Inulin, Containing Frutco-Oligosaccharides, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale Scores in College Students.	2026-04-16	PMID 41989194	pubmed
Improving Sleep and PTSD Outcomes in Service Members: A Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Long-Term Effects of an Integrated Treatment.	2026-04-15	PMID 42660579	pubmed
Effects of Sacubitril Valsartan Combined With Vericiguat on NT-proBNP and CK-MB Levels in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure.	2026-04-09	PMID 41957830	pubmed
Pharmacokinetic Differences Between Fast-Acting, Standard, and Placebo Cannabis Edibles.	2026-04-09	PMID 41958200	pubmed
Low-Dose Perineural Dexamethasone Enhances Analgesia After Pediatric Hand Surgery Without Elevating Systemic Stress Markers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.	2026-04-06	PMID 41940446	pubmed
Improving Patient Comfort of Vibratory Anesthetic Devices With a Dampener: A Pilot Study.	2026-03-23	PMID 42655884	pubmed
Effectiveness of kinesiologic tape in the management of postoperative trismus, discomfort, and edema in mandibular fractures: a randomized controlled trial.	2026-03-21	PMID 42049615	pubmed
Effect of Narrative-Based Palliative Care on Psychological Stress, Quality of Life, and End-of-Life Acceptance in Elderly Terminal Cancer Patients and Their Families.	2026-03-13	PMID 41823672	pubmed
Vancomycin Effectiveness in Reducing Surgical Site Infection in Posterior Spinal Fusion Surgery: A Retrospective Data Analysis of the STRIVE Trial.	2026-02-27	PMID 41902726	pubmed
Impact of a thermal care bundle on peri-operative hypothermia, surgical site infection, and readmissions in osteosynthesis patients: A randomised controlled trial.	2026-02-17	PMID 41699926	pubmed

These are bibliographic comparisons, not experimental rankings. Follow the original document for methods and conditions.