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PubMed2026

Effectiveness of the DASH diet versus alternative dietary interventions for hypertension management: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is widely recommended for blood pressure control; however, its comparative effectiveness relative to other structured dietary interventions remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of the DASH diet versus alternative dietary interventions on blood pressure and cardiometabolic outcomes in adults. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Multiple databases were searched from inception to February 2026. Eligible studies included adults with elevated blood pressure or hypertension comparing the DASH diet with other dietary interventions or usual care. Continuous outcomes were pooled using random-effects models and expressed as mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: A total of 22 randomized controlled trials were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 10 were included in the meta-analysis. The DASH diet did not demonstrate a statistically significant advantage over comparator diets in reducing systolic blood pressure (MD = 1.30; 95% CI: -1.54 to 4.14) or diastolic blood pressure (MD = 0.21; 95% CI: -3.72 to 4.14), with substantial heterogeneity observed across studies. Significant effects were identified for selected cardiometabolic outcomes, including reductions in urinary sodium excretion (MD = -32.89; 95% CI: -62.76 to -3.01), LDL cholesterol (MD = -8.59; 95% CI: -14.64 to -2.54), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (MD = -0.49; 95% CI: -0.52 to -0.46), as well as an increase in urinary potassium excretion (MD = 11.76; 95% CI: 4.08 to 19.44). The certainty of evidence ranged from moderate to very low across outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The DASH diet was not superior to other dietary interventions in reducing blood pressure; however, it demonstrated consistent benefits in selected cardiometabolic parameters. Given the overall low certainty of evidence and substantial heterogeneity, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Future research should focus on well-designed trials with standardized outcomes and longer follow-up to clarify comparative effectiveness.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Discovery and characterization of multifunctional bioactive peptides from Alaska Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) milt: hybrid in silico, in vitro, and proteomic approaches.

The growing demand for multifunctional bioactive peptides has sparked interest in underutilized marine by-products as sustainable bioresources. This study explored Alaska Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) milt protein as a novel source of peptides with anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and anti-diabetic effects. Protein composition was analyzed via LC-MS, followed by in silico digestion and bioactivity prediction. Molecular docking identified peptides targeting DPP-IV, α-glucosidase, ACE, GLP-1 receptor, COX-2, MuRF1, and the 20S proteasome. Among the candidates, a promising peptide (CLPPH) was synthesized and validated in vitro, demonstrating inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production, DPP-IV, ACE, and α-glucosidase. These results highlight CLPPH's potential as a multifunctional bioactive peptide and support the valorization of Alaska Pollock milt as a sustainable source for functional foods and nutraceutical applications.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Molecular Determinants and Therapeutic Targeting of Stop Codon Readthrough in Eukaryotic Translation.

Accurate translation termination is essential for proteome integrity and in eukaryotes is primarily governed by the release factors eRF1 and eRF3, which ensure precise recognition of stop codons and efficient release of nascent polypeptides. However, proteome integrity is challenged by mutations that generate premature termination codons (PTCs), leading to truncated, nonfunctional proteins and degradation of the aberrant transcript via nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Collectively, these events account for ∼1800 human genetic diseases. Translational readthrough, the process by which near-cognate tRNAs decode stop codons and allow ribosomes to continue elongation beyond the stop codon, represents a possibility to suppress PTCs and restore full-length protein synthesis. Initially discovered in viruses as a mechanism to expand coding capacity, readthrough is now recognized as a regulated feature of eukaryotic gene expression influenced by both cis-acting sequence elements and trans-acting factors. Recent evidence highlights the remarkable context dependence of readthrough, revealing variation across transcripts, tissues, and developmental stages. In this review, we examine the molecular determinants that define stop codon recognition and readthrough efficiency, with particular emphasis on nucleotide context. We further discuss the mechanisms and binding sites of small molecules that promote PTC readthrough, and summarize the clinical development landscape of readthrough-inducing compounds for the treatment of diseases caused by nonsense mutations.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The effect of dietetic counseling combined with digital tools intervention on hemodynamic markers in Greek adults: The GATEKEEPER Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hypertension is a leading cardiovascular risk factor with substantial global impact on morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. While lifestyle interventions remain central to management, mHealth technologies offer promising adjunctive support, though their clinical effectiveness remains uncertain. This study evaluated whether combining dietetic counseling with digital tools improves hemodynamic markers in adults aged ≥55 years with increased cardiometabolic risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: This 3-month RCT (NCT05031299) included 954 adults with at least one metabolic syndrome risk factor, allocated 1:1:1 to Standard Care (dietetic counseling), Platform (counseling plus web-based platform), or Platform + Devices (counseling plus platform plus wearables). Outcomes included anthropometrics, lifestyle characteristics, blood pressure, pulse pressure, and estimated pulse wave velocity, analyzed using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age and sex. All groups improved over 3 months. Waist circumference decreased by -6.29, -4.92, and -4.69 cm across Standard Care, Platform, and Platform + Devices groups respectively, and systolic blood pressure declined by -4.84 to -7.15 mmHg across groups. The Platform + Devices group showed greater increases in physical activity (94.62 MET-min/week; 95% CI 66.49 to 122.76) and greater reductions in pulse pressure (-3.90 mmHg; -6.58 to -1.22) versus Standard Care. Weight loss was associated with lower odds of hypertension (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.2-0.7), greater likelihood of hypertension reversal (OR 3.6; 1.2-10.3), and higher probability of achieving normal pulse pressure (OR 1.8; 1.1-3.1). CONCLUSIONS: Dietary lifestyle intervention improved cardiometabolic outcomes, with limited added benefit from digital tools. Weight loss was the primary driver of hemodynamic improvement.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Dietary approaches for glycemic management in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review of Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Specific dietary approaches for better management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have not been thoroughly investigated. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets for glycemic management in people with T1D. METHODS: We examined longitudinal studies (cohort studies and clinical trials) including individuals with T1D who followed low-carbohydrate diets (<26% calories from carbohydrates and/or <130 g of carbohydrates per day) and/or a Mediterranean diet, while hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and/or time in range (TIR) were measured. Additional eligibility criteria included publication in English and availability of a full-text primary research article. Non-longitudinal studies, abstracts, and studies published in languages other than English were excluded. Results were synthesized narratively, and the GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool was used to assess article quality. RESULTS: A total of 565 studies were identified from PubMed, the Web of Science, and citation chasing. After removal of duplicates and further evaluation, 22 studies (6 cohort studies and 16 clinical trials; total n = 3284) were included in this review. The search was initially completed in May 2024, and updated February 2026. Low-carbohydrate diets were associated with better glycemic management when compared to usual diets or baseline glycemic parameters. Studies using CGM were overall underpowered. The impact of Mediterranean diets was less clear, but generally appeared to be less effective at improving glycemic management than low-carbohydrate diets. DISCUSSION: Although structured dietary interventions for T1D hold promise for improving glycemic outcomes, further research is needed to determine exactly which dietary intervention is most beneficial for this population. The evidence provided by included studies is limited by small sample sizes and short durations; better powered, longer-term studies are required to inform clinical recommendations.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Diversification of yeast proteins as an approach for the development of sustainable food systems.

Despite growing trend in sustainable protein sources, yeast proteins have mainly been explored as a source of bioactive peptides using a monospecies and general protein approach. The contribution of highly abundant protein fractions in the yeast proteome to peptide formation remains insufficiently investigated, limiting a comprehensive understanding of yeast proteins as optimized peptide sources. The current review presents a systematic analysis of yeast proteins as emerging protein sources and evaluates the suitability of high-abundance proteins as bioactive peptide precursors by in silico techniques. Moreover, brewery by-product and single-cell yeast protein approaches are compared in terms of composition and techno-functionality whereas peptide formation mechanisms (in situ and ex situ) and regulatory aspects for food applications are also addressed. Cytoplasmic metabolic proteins, particularly glycolytic enzymes (GAPDH), are identified as highly abundant fractions of the yeast proteome. Proteins associated with cell and organelle membranes also contribute substantially based on cellular localization. These findings imply that such proteins may act as key precursors of yeast-derived bioactive peptides. In silico hydrolysis with Alcalase suggests a tendency toward the generation of short-chain peptides (3-11/14 aa), which may support biological activity. Moreover, peptide profiles appear to vary across yeast species, highlighting the role of species diversity in peptide generation. While single-cell yeast protein allows more controlled production than brewery by-products, nucleic acid content in both may limit applications. Overall, yeast proteins appear to be metabolically adaptable and species-diverse sources for various biological peptides.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae↗

PubMed2026

The impact of routine traffic encounters that include procedural justice on police perceptions.

OBJECTIVES: Despite procedural justice in police-citizen interactions being widely studied, there is limited research regarding police perceptions of these interactions. This study addresses this by exploring police perceptions of two different types of random breath test (RBT) - standard and procedurally just - in an experimental trial. Officers were asked to report on whether they believe that their RBT interaction with drivers and riders changed behaviour, developed more positive perceptions of police and resulted in slower travel. Additionally, they were asked if they thought that the RBT interaction took too long. METHODS: This study was a six month randomised control trial with two operational conditions: a control condition with a standard (n = 18 days) and an experimental condition with a procedurally just (n = 17 days) RBT. Police officers completed post-operation surveys (n = 80). RESULTS: Police officers incorporating the principles of procedural justice into RBT had limited impact on officer perceptions. However, those officers who were more open to innovation believed that the interaction would result in more positive perceptions of police. Police officers who believed that their RBTs with motorcycle riders would make a difference perceived that the riders would both change their behaviour and travel more slowly after the interaction. There were no differences in perceived interaction length by police officers across both conditions. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that police officer openness to innovation has an important role to play in police officers having more positive perceptions regarding the outcomes of RBT interactions. As such police organisations should undertake activities, such as training, to improve innovation. The lack of perceived differences in RBT length between standard and procedurally just interactions suggests that these enhanced interactions can be implemented without concerns that police officers believe that they 'take too long'.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

In silico identification of DNMT1 inhibitors from the PlantCyc database through computational approach to assess the anti-cancer potential of nutraceutical compounds in breast cancer.

Breast cancer accounts for a disproportionate share of global cancer-related deaths, with 670,000 fatalities and 2.3 million new diagnoses recorded in women during 2022 alone. Existing treatment modalities carry considerable toxicity burdens, and resistance to available agents remains an unresolved clinical problem. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), the enzyme chiefly responsible for maintaining genome-wide methylation patterns during DNA replication, has been mapped out as a high-value target in breast cancer because its dysregulation silences tumour suppressor genes through promoter hypermethylation. The present work involves hierarchical in silico workflow to screen 4549 plant-derived compounds from the PlantCyc database (v16.0.3) against the human DNMT1 catalytic domain (PDB ID: 4WXX). Ten top-scoring compounds were taken forward for molecular docking via AutoDock Vina; Quercetin and Kaempferol both recorded the highest binding affinities at -9.5 kcal/mol, Wogonin (-9.3 kcal/mol) and Xanthohumol (-8.1 kcal/mol) also emerged as strong binders. Pharmacokinetic evaluation using ADMET-AI confirmed that all 10 compounds met Lipinski's rule of five, with human intestinal absorption values at or above 0.98. Wogonin and Xanthohumol were selected for a 100 ns all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in GROMACS due to their well-rounded ADMET profiles and limited existing data on their specific interactions with DNMT1 in breast cancer. Across all measured trajectory metrics, backbone RMSD, residue fluctuation, radius of gyration, solvent-accessible surface area, and intermolecular hydrogen bond count, Wogonin formed a more stable, compact complex. These findings suggest that Wogonin and Xanthohumol are non-toxic nutraceutical candidates suitable for DNMT1 targeted epigenetic therapy, with computational foundation strong enough to facilitate future in vitro and in vivo validation work.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of exercise on aerobic capacity in people with prehypertension or hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This study aimed to quantify the effects of exercise on aerobic capacity in people with prehypertension or hypertension and to identify exercise prescription parameters that optimize improvements. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus from inception to 24 October 2025. Data were pooled using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Exercise significantly improved aerobic capacity in people with prehypertension or hypertension (SMD = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.61-1.15; P  < 0.00001), with multicomponent training demonstrating superior efficacy. Exploratory subgroup analyses suggest that longer programs (≥12 weeks), lower frequency (<3 sessions/week), 60-min sessions or longer, total weekly exercise less than 180 min, and professional supervision may be associated with better outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of echocardiographic studies published from 2011 to 2025.

AIM: An updated meta-analysis targeting the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), a cardinal marker of hypertensive heart disease (HHD), over the last 15 years is lacking. Thus, we analyzed the literature in order to provide a comprehensive information on LVH prevalence, as assessed by echocardiography, in the hypertensive setting. METHODS: The PubMed, OVID-MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases were analyzed to search English-language articles published from 1 January 2011 up to 31 December 2025. Studies were identified by using MeSH terms and crossing the following search items: 'left ventricular hypertrophy', 'left ventricular mass', 'hypertensive heart disease', 'echocardiography', 'hypertension', and 'subclinical cardiac damage'. RESULTS: A total of 51 studies including 74 632 hypertensive patients were considered. Overall, the prevalence of LVH in the pooled cohort, defined according to criteria recommended by echocardiographic guidelines, was 36.6% (95% CI: 33.4-40%). Data provided by 18 studies ( n  = 40 108 patients) showed that the probability of having LVH was lower in men than in women (OR = 0.62, CI: 0.48-0.80, P  < 0.0001). Among patients with LVH (17 studies), the risk of concentric LVH was almost twice as high as eccentric (OR = 1.94, CI: 1.52-2.49, P  < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggests that the high contemporary prevalence of LVH reflects the failure of therapeutic strategies worldwide in the prevention and treatment of HHD. From a clinical perspective, these data imply the need for a more aggressive treatment of hypertension and related cardiovascular risk factors leading to LVH, especially in women.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy and Safety of a Single-Pill Triple Combination of Valsartan, Amlodipine, and Chlorthalidone in Patients With Essential Hypertension Inadequately Controlled on Dual Therapy With Valsartan and Amlodipine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Phase 3 Trial.

Many hypertensive patients require three or more antihypertensive agents to achieve target blood pressure. This randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase 3 trial conducted in South Korea evaluated the efficacy and safety of a single-pill triple combination therapy with valsartan (Val), amlodipine (Aml), and chlorthalidone (CTD) in patients whose blood pressure remained inadequately controlled on Val/Aml dual therapy. Patients uncontrolled after 4 weeks of Val/Aml 80/5 mg were randomized 1:1 to either Val/Aml/CTD 80/5/12.5 mg or Val/Aml 80/5 mg using a double-dummy design. After 2 weeks, doses were escalated to Val/Aml/CTD 160/5/25 mg or Val/Aml 160/5 mg, respectively, for a total treatment duration of 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in mean sitting systolic blood pressure (MSSBP) from baseline to week 8. Of 193 randomized patients, 178 completed the study. The least squares mean ± SE change in MSSBP was -19.70 ± 1.31 mmHg in the Val/Aml/CTD group versus -8.71 ± 1.26 mmHg in the control group, yielding a statistically significant between-group difference of -10.99 ± 1.81 mmHg (95% CI, -14.56 to -7.41; p < 0.0001). No serious adverse events occurred in the Val/Aml/CTD group, compared with an incidence of 1.98% in the control group (p = 0.4985). Triple combination therapy with Val/Aml/CTD demonstrated superior blood pressure reduction and a favorable safety profile in patients with essential hypertension inadequately controlled on Val/Aml dual therapy, supporting its use as an effective treatment option in this population. Trial Registration: This trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT06416865).

Humans↗

PubMed2025

A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies of Depression and Loneliness in Black Women with Hypertension in the United States.

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension disproportionately affects Black women with subsequent complications that can extend beyond physical health. Notably, there is a significant relationship between hypertension, depression, and loneliness, with hypertensive Black women more likely to exhibit symptoms of depression. Since loneliness and social isolation are predictors of depression, recognizing and addressing these interconnected health concerns could improve patient outcomes and quality of life. This systematic review presents a synthesis of findings on depression screening practices, depression symptoms, and loneliness in quantitative studies of Black women with hypertension in the United States. METHODS: Using the EbscoHost platform, a comprehensive literature search for studies measuring depression and loneliness in Black women with hypertension was conducted. The following databases were selected: Medline Complete, CINAHL Complete, APA PsychArticles, and PsychINFO. RESULTS: Twenty-three articles were included; 16 focused on depression, and these studies highlighted a significant burden of depression in this demographic compared to their counterparts. Five studies reported loneliness and its relation to depression and hypertension. Loneliness and social isolation, as independent risk factors, exacerbated symptoms of depression and contributed to the onset and progression of hypertension. Two prior reviews corroborated these findings. Studies have emphasized the role of trust in clinical interactions and the importance of appropriate therapeutic interventions. DISCUSSION: Black women with hypertension are at a heightened risk for symptoms of depression, compounded by feelings of loneliness. Loneliness and depression are linked to physiological stress, contributing to hypertension. These problems are underrecognized and undertreated across populations, and this lack of recognition and treatment contributes to health inequity.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Maternal vaccination with RSVpreF and risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: A bivalent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prefusion F protein-based vaccine (RSVpreF) was approved in the United States in August 2023 for use during pregnancy to prevent infant RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease. The pivotal phase 3 trial identified a numerical imbalance in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) that did not reach statistical significance; postmarketing observational studies have since reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess this association. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP from inception to Jan 26, 2026, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing HDP outcomes in RSVpreF-vaccinated versus unvaccinated or placebo-receiving pregnant individuals. Unadjusted risk ratios (RRs) were pooled using a random-effects model; adjusted estimates from observational studies were pooled separately by inverse variance methods. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251026835). RESULTS: Nine studies were included (3 RCTs, 6 retrospective cohort studies; n = 148,267). RSVpreF vaccination was associated with a small but statistically significant increase in overall HDP risk (RR 1·08, 95% CI 1·02-1·13; p = 0·004; I2 = 44%), driven by the observational studies group (1·08, 1·02-1·14; I2 = 61%); RCTs showed a directionally consistent but non-significant RR (1·12, 0·87-1·43; I2 = 0%). The association was attributable to gestational hypertension, with no significant association for preeclampsia/eclampsia. CONCLUSION: Maternal RSVpreF vaccination was associated with a small increase in HDP attributable to gestational hypertension and driven primarily by observational studies, in which residual confounding remains possible. The benefits of infant RSV prevention remain substantial, and these findings support continued postmarketing surveillance and informed shared decision-making.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Nebivolol treatment improves hypertension-induced endothelial cell dysfunction by reducing TGF-β1-dependent senescence and normalizing mitochondrial indices.

OBJECTIVES: Serum from patients with hypertension (HT) causes endothelial cell (EC) damage, leading to senescence and dysfunctional phenotype. This study investigated whether serum from patients treated with the antihypertensive drugs could normalize EC activity. METHODS: This study involved 71 patients with newly diagnosed HT, who were randomly assigned to one of three groups based on the antihypertensive treatment: amlodipine, nebivolol, or perindopril. Serum samples collected before and 6 weeks after treatment were applied to ECs in vitro to assess their angiogenic activity, cellular senescence, mitochondrial metabolism, and oxidative stress. RESULTS: Results showed that exposure of ECs to serum from patients treated for 6 weeks significantly altered EC function, with varying effects among the drugs. Serum from nebivolol-treated patients produced the most consistent benefits, reducing EC proliferation and HIF-1α expression, likely due to lower levels of angiogenic factors such as angiopoietin-1, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, this serum contained reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (E-selectin, P-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)) and lower TGF-β1, which are linked to HT-related EC senescence. Nebivolol treatment decreased senescence biomarkers such as SA-β-Gal, 53BP1, and p16, with SA-β-Gal reduction comparable to that of TGF-β1 neutralizing antibodies. Oxidative stress was reduced, indicated by lower oxidized DNA product levels. CONCLUSIONS: Nebivolol was the most effective at reducing the factors, associated with HT induced cellular senescence of endothelium, through reducing TGF-β1.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Ultra-high-field 7T MRI reveals neural abnormalities of attention networks in relation to cognitive impairment in hypertension.

Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cognitive impairment (CI), yet the corresponding neural network abnormalities remain underexplored. In this study, we examined the associations among global and domain-specific cognitive dysfunction, neuroimaging measures, and blood pressure in a subgroup of hypertensive patients with CI (N = 41) from a randomized controlled trial who underwent ultra-high-field 7 T MRI. Structural atrophy related to CI was localized to regions overlapping the attention networks. Both whole-brain and within-network dysfunction of the attention networks were associated with worse global cognitive performance. Notably, hyperconnectivity within key attention network hubs, including the right anterior insula and posterior intraparietal sulcus, was associated with declined processing speed in hypertensive patients, mediating the association between pulse pressure and processing speed. These findings provide new insights into the neural pathophysiology of hypertension-related CI and suggest potential network-based targets for intervention.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging↗

PubMed2026

All eyes on gas exchange: impact of controlled arterial hypertension on cardiopulmonary function and the effects of high-intensity interval training.

INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension (AH) impairs vascular function which, in turn, may reduce cardiopulmonary function. However, the impact of AH on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and its potential mechanisms remains insufficiently investigated. We compared cardiopulmonary function during exercise testing (CPET) between adults with and without AH (part 1) and evaluated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in adults with AH on submaximal cardiopulmonary CPET parameters (part 2). METHODS: Thirty-eight adults with AH and 19 controls without AH partook in the study. Adults with AH were randomized into either HIIT or a control group. CPET assessed CRF and submaximal exercise parameters, including the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES), V̇E/V̇CO 2 slope, PETCO 2 , V̇O 2 /work rate (WR) slope, and O 2 pulse. The HIIT intervention consisted of triweekly sessions over 8 weeks. RESULTS: Adults with AH had a 6.5 ml kg -1  min -1 (95% confidence interval: 1.7-11.3) lower CRF, a steeper V̇E/V̇CO 2 slope (moderate-large effect size), lower PETCO 2 (large effect size), flatter V̇O 2 /WR slope (moderate effect size), and lower O 2 pulse (small-moderate effect size) than adults without AH. HIIT improved CRF and altered certain cardio-circulatory parameters in AH, including OUES (small-large effect size), V̇O 2 /WR slope (small-moderate effect size, low precision) and O 2 pulse (small-moderate effect size). However, effects of HIIT on pulmonary-vascular parameters were inconclusive, with large variability observed in the V̇E/V̇CO 2 slope and PETCO 2 . CONCLUSION: Adults with controlled AH might have lower CRF, indicating limitations in pulmonary-vascular and cardio-circulatory organ systems. A short-term 8-week HIIT enhances CRF and cardio-circulatory function, however, evidence is limited for improvements in pulmonary-vascular function.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Transpulmonary proteomic gradient analysis in women with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic sclerosis.

This study investigated proteomic alterations in the pulmonary circulation of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic sclerosis (PAH-SSc) by analyzing the transpulmonary protein gradient and comparing the proteomic profiles with systemic sclerosis (SSc) without PAH. Twenty women were included (10 PAH-SSc, 64.6 ± 10.8 years; 10 SSc, 62.8 ± 11.5 years). The transpulmonary gradient was defined as the difference in biomarker concentrations between wedge-position and pulmonary artery blood samples. Peptides were analysed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and differentially abundant proteins were identified with Proteome Discoverer. Protein-protein interaction networks were generated with STRING and visualized in Cytoscape. A total of 270 proteins were detected, with no significant transpulmonary gradient alterations. However, patients with PAH-SSc showed distinct proteomic profiles compared to SSc. Multivariate analysis identified 48 differentially abundant proteins in pulmonary artery plasma, with 15 overrepresented and 33 downregulated in PAH-SSc. Among these, the downregulation of transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein ig-h3 (TGFβI/ig-h3) points to a potential involvement of the TGF-β-related extracellular matrix remodelling pathway in PAH-SSc. However, further validation in larger and independent cohorts is required before its relevance as a biomarker or therapeutic target can be established. In conclusion, while no transpulmonary proteomic gradient was observed, the proteomic profiles of PAH-SSc and SSc were different. The profile in PAH-SSc was characterized by differences in immune response, lipid metabolism, and hemostatic proteins. SIGNIFICANCE: This study offers the first proteomic characterization of the transpulmonary gradient in PAH-SSc and SSc. Although no differences in the gradient were found, the pulmonary artery plasma proteome of PAH-SSc patients showed a distinct pattern compared to SSc. Several proteins associated with immune function, haemostasis, and cellular processes were altered, which may indicate specific pathophysiological features of PAH-SSc or suggest how lung dysfunction develops in SSc. Targeting dysregulated proteins like TGFβI/ig-h3 or addressing immune-coagulation imbalances may support future research studies. Overall, these findings refine the molecular profile of PAH-SSc and provide a basis for future large-scale studies aimed at clarifying disease mechanisms and identifying clinically relevant molecular signatures.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

MRI-Negative Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: Comparison of Hypertensive Encephalopathy With and Without Vasogenic Edema.

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) can present with negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by comparing clinical features between cases of PRES with vasogenic edema and cases of hypertensive encephalopathy without MRI changes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with hypertensive encephalopathy from August 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017, were identified retrospectively and matched by age (±5 years) and sex in a 1:2 ratio to patients retrospectively identified as having PRES from January 1, 2002, to November 30, 2017. A review of MRI images and clinical information was performed. RESULTS: We identified 16 cases of hypertensive encephalopathy and 32 age- and sex-matched controls with PRES showing vasogenic edema on MRI. There were no statistically significant differences in the odds of presentation with headache (odds ratio [OR], 1.372; 95% CI, 0.458 to 4.106), encephalopathy (OR, 2.303; 95% CI, 0.433 to 12.236), visual disturbance (OR, 0.826; 95% CI, 0.185 to 3.697), or focal neurologic deficit (OR, 4.000; 95% CI, 0.767 to 20.872). Seizures were more common in patients with vasogenic edema (OR, 0.082; 95% CI, 0.010 to 0.664). There were no significant differences in odds of acute kidney injury (OR, 2.90; 95% CI, 0.679 to 12.449) or odds of having a history of malignancy (OR, 0.295; 95% CI, 0.076 to 1.152), transplantation (OR, 3.347; 95% CI, 0.594 to 18.880), or autoimmune disease (OR, 0.400; 95% CI, 0.104 to 1.532). Systolic blood pressure at presentation was higher in patients with hypertensive encephalopathy and negative MRI as compared with patients with PRES and vasogenic edema (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05). CONCLUSION: Most presenting symptoms and risk factors were not significantly different between cases of hypertensive encephalopathy with and without vasogenic edema, arguing that the diagnosis of PRES in the setting of acute severe hypertension may not depend on MRI confirmation.

Humans↗