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PubMed2026

Algae-to-host horizontal gene transfer in Paramecium bursaria is associated with host adaptation during endosymbiosis.

Paramecium bursaria maintains a stable endosymbiosis with green algae, yet the evolutionary consequences of this association remain unclear. Here, we screened the host genome for algal-derived horizontally transferred genes (HTGs) using a lineage-aware workflow designed to detect horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between two defined lineages. We identified 16 candidate HTGs, including four putative newly transferred genes and 12 homologous transferred genes, most of which were functionally associated with redox homeostasis and metabolism. Five HTGs showed symbiosis-dependent expression. RNAi knockdown of GH32s and SATs reduced host proliferation, total cell area, and motility, while GH32s knockdown also reduced endosymbiont load. Duplication patterns suggest that most transfers may have occurred after the P. bursaria lineage diverged from the sampled Paramecium species but before its lineage-specific whole-genome duplication (WGD). The HTGs also showed host-associated shifts in GC content and gene length, while representative HTGs retained conserved domains and functional motifs. Together, our results support algae-to-host HGT in P. bursaria and suggest that some transferred genes may contribute to metabolic integration during endosymbiosis.

Gene Transfer, Horizontal↗

PubMed2026

Construction of an infectious clone of Spodoptera frugiperda densovirus and its biological characteristics.

Densoviruses are highly pathogenic to their insect hosts and have great potential for biocontrol. Spodoptera frugiperda densovirus (SfDV) was isolated from diseased larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda, while its biological functions remain unclear. Herein, we successfully constructed an infectious clone of SfDV. The S. frugiperda larvae transfected with the infectious clone exhibited anorexia, stunted growth, and reduced activity. Histopathological analysis further showed that the epidermis, fat body and trachea were infected instead of muscle and midgut tissues. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that numerous virions of about 22 nm were distributed within both the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm of epidermal cells. Moreover, many virions were also found contained within vesicles in the cytoplasm. The replication kinetics of the rescued SfDV (rSfDV) was similar to that of the parental SfDV. The median lethal dose (LD50) and median lethal time (LT50) values of rSfDV were 6.63 × 107 viral genome copies (vgc), 5.23 d, respectively, which were also comparable to those of the parental SfDV. Taken together, the infectious clone of SfDV provides an important tool for further exploring the genome function, pathogenesis, and interactions with its hosts.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Molecular adaptation of caspase genes to salinity stress in the tropical sea cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus: A comparative analysis across echinoderms.

Apoptosis is an essential physiological process that plays a critical role in development and tissue homeostasis. Caspases, as central regulators of apoptosis, are crucial in controlling inflammation and cell death. In this study, we investigated the caspase gene family in Stichopus monotuberculatus to explore their potential roles in salinity stress adaptation. Five caspase genes were identified from the genome of S. monotuberculatus, including Smcaspase3, Smcaspase6, Smcaspase8a, Smcaspase8b, and Smcaspase8c. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these Smcaspase genes clustered into distinct caspase subfamilies and showed high conservation with homologs from other echinoderms and representative vertebrates. Conserved motif and gene structure analyses showed relatively similar structural patterns within each clade, whereas divergence was observed among different subfamilies. Promoter analysis identified numerous cis-acting elements related to gene regulation, immune response, and growth and development. Expression profiling under salinity stress showed that Smcaspase8a was significantly upregulated, particularly under prolonged stress, whereas the other genes exhibited limited transcriptional responses. Our findings highlight caspase function in salinity stress and provide the foundation of molecular salinity adaptation mechanisms in S. monotuberculatus.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Proteomic analysis of cisplatin-induced spermatogenesis defects in mice.

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin is a crucial chemotherapeutic agent used for treating various cancers; however, its excessive use can cause irreversible damage to the reproductive system, and the protein expression profile of cisplatin-induced testicular injury remains unclear. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with cisplatin at various doses, and testes were collected for histological, immunofluorescence, and proteomic analyses. Germ cell loss and apoptosis were assessed using H&E staining, TUNEL assays, and immunofluorescence for LIN28A, SYCP3, MVH, and CDK1. Label-free quantitative proteomics identified differentially expressed proteins, which were analyzed for functional enrichment and protein-protein interactions. RESULTS: We observed that cisplatin treatment led to smaller testes, reduced sperm count, and a significant decrease in the number of spermatocytes and spermatids in mice. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that cisplatin significantly reduced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), a key spermatogenesis regulator, in the testes. Reduction in CDK1 expression is correlated with spermatogenic arrest, particularly in spermatocytes. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the critical role of CDK1 in cisplatin-induced spermatogenic dysfunction and provide new insights into fertility preservation strategies for patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Circular RNAs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons, with most cases lacking a clear genetic basis. Emerging evidence highlights the involvement of non-coding RNAs, particularly circular RNAs (circRNAs), in disease onset and progression. Here, we investigated circRNAs implicated in ALS and related motor neuron diseases (MNDs). Here, we provide a general overview of circular RNA metabolism and cellular functions. We then present our systematic literature review that identified ALS-associated circRNAs, followed by in silico analyses of 15 circular RNA candidates that were selected based on the most compelling data regarding ALS. Our results revealed that several circular RNAs regulate ALS-related genes, such as unfolded protein response, oxidative stress, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Protein-RNA interaction analysis further showed that ALS-related circRNAs can sponge 20 RNA-binding proteins. Additionally, molecular docking analysis demonstrated that ALS-associated FUS variants significantly alter its binding affinity to circular RNAs. RNA-seq data from ALS patients confirmed significant alterations in the expression of host genes of ALS-related circRNAs and hub proteins in ALS-affected CNS tissues. Collectively, our findings identify circRNAs as potential key contributors to ALS pathogenesis.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗

PubMed2026

Hepatotoxicity of OBS: A review of the emerging PFOS substitute.

As an alternative to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), sodium perfluorononenyl oxobenzene sulfonate (OBS) is widely used due to its cost-effectiveness. Multiple studies have shown that the liver is a classic target organ for OBS. However, there is currently no systematic review on the hepatotoxic effects of OBS. This review systematically summarizes the exposure characteristics of OBS in the environment and human populations, as well as its mechanisms of liver toxicity. In vivo studies consistently demonstrate that OBS induces hepatotoxic effects, such as hepatomegaly, vacuolization, elevated serum transaminases, and lipid dysregulation, though the manifestation of these phenotypes varies across species and exposure routes. In vitro evidence further shows that OBS reduces cell viability and survival, and triggers necrosis accompanied by inflammation. Mechanistically, oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, and metabolism disorder are implicated. Critically, most existing work addresses subacute or subchronic exposure, leaving a gap in chronic risk assessment for long-term, low-dose OBS exposure. Moreover, mechanistic studies have focused predominantly on downstream transcriptional and signaling changes, with limited exploration of upstream epigenetic controls. Overall, this study aims to provide a comprehensive reference for future toxicological investigations and liver injury risk assessments related to OBS exposure.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Proteomics in environmental pollution research: Advances, challenges, and future directions.

Environmental proteomics has emerged as a powerful approach for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying pollutant-induced biological effects. Although this field has developed rapidly, the systematic review of recent proteomics applications in environmental pollution research remains limited. This review explored the emerging roles of toxicoproteomics in biomarker discovery and mechanistic elucidation, as well as ecotoxicoproteomics in ecological risk assessment and bioremediation strategies. Here, we review the field, highlighting recent trends such as the integration of proteomics with genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to provide a comprehensive view of biological responses to environmental stressors. We further discuss the growing application of artificial intelligence in improving proteomics data interpretation and accelerating biomarker discovery. In addition, recent technological advances in environmental proteomics are highlighted, including next-generation tissue microarray proteomics, nanoscale proteomics, single-cell proteomics, and spatial proteomics. Despite its potential, proteomics faces challenges, such as high operational costs, computational complexity in analysis, and technical limitations in low-abundance protein detection. We propose that the convergence of proteomics with artificial intelligence and multi-omics approaches offers promising solutions to these challenges, enhancing the practical application of proteomics in environmental monitoring and risk assessment.

Proteomics↗

PubMed2026

Evolutionary architecture and lineage-specific diversification of Forkhead box transcription factors in Perna viridis.

The Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved regulators of development, cell cycle, and apoptosis across metazoans. This study provides the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the Fox gene family in the Asian green mussel (Perna viridis). We identified 28 Fox genes distributed across 10 chromosomes. Comparative analysis reveals the absence of the FoxI, FoxQ1, FoxR and FoxS subfamily, consistent with other bivalves and indicative of lineage-specific gene loss during molluscan evolution. Notably, gene duplications in the FoxAB, FoxD, FoxH, FoxN1-4, FoxQ2 and FoxQD subfamilies may reflect functional diversification associated with environmental adaptation. Exon-intron structural variability, including intron loss in several paralogues, suggests structural diversification and potential regulatory variation. Phylogenetic reconstruction confirmed the monophyly of core Fox classes while highlighting divergent expansion patterns in lophotrochozoans. Selection analyses showed strong purifying selection across duplicated Fox paralogs, supporting functional conservation after lineage-specific expansion. Gene Ontology enrichment linked Fox genes to stress response, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation. By integrating phylogenetic, structural, and transcriptomic analyses, this study provides a genomic framework for understanding Fox gene organisation, evolution, and tissue-associated expression patterns in Perna viridis and establishes a comparative resource for future functional studies in bivalves.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Molecular characterization of 16 MAPK genes in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and the differences of their mRNA expression between Qiandao Lake and Taihu Lake.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a serine-threonine protein kinase, is involved in a variety of stress-induced responses and also plays an important regulatory role in cell metabolism. In the study the open reading frames (ORFs) of 16 MAPK genes in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were obtained and verified, with the evaluations of their taxonomy, structures, conserved motifs, and evolutionary linkages. And the expression patterns of these genes in the silver carp from Qiandao Lake and Taihu Lake were explored for better understanding the response of MAPK genes to different water environment. MAPK genes of silver carp were divided into three subfamilies, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subfamily, p38 subfamily and C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) subfamily. All these genes possessed similar structures and conserved motifs of MAPK family. Realtime qPCR revealed that the expression patterns of 10 MAPK genes (ScMAPK1, ScMAPK3, ScMAPK4, ScMAPK7, ScMAPK15, ScMAPK8a, ScMAPK8b, ScMAPK9, ScMAPK10 and ScMAPK11) in head kidney, spleen and gill of silver carp in Taihu Lake and Qiandao Lake were different. These findings provide a basis for further research on the function of MAPK in silver carp.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Efferocytosis regulatory factors in atherosclerosis: A preclinical systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Impaired efferocytosis is a key driver of plaque instability during atherosclerosis progression. Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells through efferocytosis relies on the coordinated action of multiple regulatory factors. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, OVID MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched for studies published up to February 7, 2026. Eligible preclinical studies were systematically reviewed to identify endogenous factors that regulate efferocytosis in atherosclerosis. Clinical evidence was also incorporated to enable a preliminary translational assessment of these regulatory factors. RESULTS: Thirty-five endogenous regulatory factors were identified from 36 included studies, and their functional roles across distinct stages of efferocytosis were characterized. Notably, metabolic regulators such as PKM2, PFKFB3, GLS1, and Drp1 were involved in distinct efferocytosis stages. This suggests that metabolic reprogramming may provide the metabolic support require for efficient efferocytosis and inflammation resolution. Ten factors were supported by preliminary clinical evidence consistent with preclinical data. PKM2 was the only candidate biomarker with prospective observational data. However, its independent predictive value still requires validation in multicenter prospective studies. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a systematic synthesis of 35 endogenous efferocytosis regulators and elucidates their regulatory network in atherosclerosis based on a functional stage framework. Metabolic reprogramming is identified as a central hub linking efferocytosis efficiency to inflammation resolution. This review offers a new theoretical basis for efferocytosis-targeted intervention strategies.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Protein sorting and proteostasis mechanisms in CFTR-related exocrine pancreas dysfunction: A systematic narrative review.

The pancreas consists of exocrine and endocrine compartments. In the exocrine pancreas, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) functions mainly in ductal epithelial cells as a chloride and bicarbonate channel. Its activity depends on proper protein folding, trafficking, and localization to the apical membrane. This systematic narrative review aims to synthesize the available evidence on the role of protein sorting machinery in CFTR channelopathies and its contribution to exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. A thorough search was conducted using PRISMA criteria on PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Scopus for studies published in English between January 2000 and November 2025. Twenty studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in this review. Pathogenic CFTR variants impair protein folding, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit, and endosomal recycling, resulting in reduced apical membrane expression and stability. These defects disrupt the localization of associated transporters and secretory proteins, impair ductal bicarbonate secretion, alter zymogen handling, and promote acinar injury, although these claims are supported mainly by indirect experimental models and therefore require clinical confirmation. CFTR channelopathies in the exocrine pancreas encompass both ion transport defects and broader disruptions of protein sorting machinery. CFTR may contribute to the assembly, stabilization, or localization of selected apical transport complexes, and its loss can secondarily alter epithelial organization. Therapeutic approaches targeting both channel correction and intracellular trafficking may improve pancreatic function and mitigate disease progression.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparative genomics and full-length transcriptome profiling of wing morphs in Tetrix grossus (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae).

Wing polymorphism represents a paradigmatic dispersal-reproduction trade-off, yet its molecular basis remains uncharacterised in the phylogenetically distant pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae). Here we integrate comparative genomics across ten orthopteran species with full-length transcriptomics of long-winged (FL) and short-winged (FS) Tetrix grossus. OrthoFinder recovered 118 orthogroups specific to T. grossus. Against a backdrop of pronounced gene-family contraction (36 expansions versus 222 contractions; net -186, mirrored at the ancestral Tetrix node, +37/-140), we identified an ancestral, Tetrix-specific expansion of hormone-regulation (12 genes; fold enrichment 7.93) and lipid/carbohydrate-metabolic families organised into syntenic clusters, alongside 513 positively selected genes enriched for integrin-mediated cell adhesion (6 genes), a process relevant to epithelial and appendage morphogenesis. Full-length transcriptomics of one long-winged (FL) and one short-winged (FS) adult female detected 7530 (FL) and 7515 (FS) expressed genes, with 794 FL- and 776 FS-restricted transcriptome-derived SNP-associated genes. The FL morph was enriched for an EGFR/Ras-Rho developmental-patterning axis and neuromuscular flight genes, whereas the FS morph was enriched for insulin/peptide-hormone response and growth-regulatory loci. Overall, we present genomic resources and testable hypotheses concerning the evolution and regulation of wing morphs in Tetrigidae rather than a validated genetic architecture of wing-morph determination.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

The HOXA gene cluster: a critical regulator in bone-related disorders.

BACKGROUND: Skeletal homeostasis relies on the dynamic balance between bone formation and bone resorption. The disruption of this balance acts as the central pathological mechanism of multiple metabolic bone diseases including osteoporosis, and is closely correlated with the progression of various other bone-related disorders. As pivotal transcription factors regulating embryonic development and cell fate, the homeobox A (HOXA) gene family plays an essential role in skeletal physiological and pathological processes. METHODS: This review systematically summarizes recent research advances of the HOXA gene family in bone-related diseases, concludes the evolutionarily conserved regulatory patterns of HOXA members, and clarifies the molecular mechanisms by which HOXA genes mediate bone metabolic disorders and the occurrence as well as development of bone diseases. RESULTS: Accumulating evidence demonstrates that HOXA family members present complex functions and strong heterogeneity in bone-related diseases. They participate in the pathogenesis of bone diseases via three evolutionarily conserved regulatory manners: determining regional patterning, modulating signaling pathways, and integrating epigenetic and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulatory networks. CONCLUSION: Further exploring the underlying mechanisms of the HOXA family in bone-related diseases provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of bone disorders. Meanwhile, it also supplies solid theoretical basis and potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel HOXA-targeted therapeutic strategies against bone diseases.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Correlative analysis of endogenous miRNA expression profiles underlying brown planthopper adaptation to resistant rice.

The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) is a major insect pest threatening global rice production. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of BPH populations with different virulence levels to resistant rice cultivars remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as key post-transcriptional regulators, play critical roles in host adaptation in herbivorous insects. In this study, we analyzed the miRNA expression profiles of a high-virulent population (IR56p) and a low-virulence population (TN1p) after feeding on susceptible (TN1) and resistant (IR56) rice cultivars. Our findings reveal distinct miRNA-mediated regulatory strategies employed by the two populations. The IR56p population showed downregulation of miRNAs including miR-10, miR-124, and miR-316, showing an inverse correlation with increased expression of predicted target genes involved in detoxification (carboxylesterase, UDP-glycosyltransferase) and effector function (calmodulin). In contrast, several miRNAs highly expressed in IR56p, including miR-307, miR-317, and miR-275, were predicted to target rice genes associated with hormone signaling, cell wall biosynthesis, and oxidative homeostasis, suggesting a possible but unproven inter-species regulatory role that requires functional validation. Collectively, these descriptive and correlative findings provide hypothesis generating insights into insect-plant coevolution and identifies candidate molecular targets for future functional validation and RNA interference-based pest management strategies.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Deciphering S-nitrosylation-regulated metabolic networks in postmortem beef based on label-free modificomics: Identification of ferroptosis as a novel quality-related pathway.

This study elucidated the molecular mechanisms of S-nitrosylation on postmortem beef metabolism and quality based on the label-free modificomics. Varying degrees of S-nitrosylation were exogenously induced in beef semimembranosus (SM) muscle. Results indicated that a high S-nitrosylation level significantly increased beef pH and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) while reducing centrifugal loss (P < 0.05). A total of 828 S-nitrosylated proteins and 1458 modification sites were identified, of which 114 sites on 81 proteins (DSNPs) exhibited differential modification abundance, representing an increase of 125% compared with previous proteomics studies. DSNPs were mainly involved in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, calcium signaling, cell structure, and ferroptosis. Notably, this study provides the first evidence in postmortem muscle that S-nitrosylation regulates key ferroptosis-related proteins, including ACSL, CP, and TF, offering new insights into the link between S-nitrosylation and the ferroptosis pathway in meat. Correlation analysis demonstrated that TF was significantly negatively correlated with pH and WBSF, but positively correlated with centrifugal loss (P < 0.05). Collectively, protein S-nitrosylation critically modulates postmortem beef quality through the coordinated regulation of multiple metabolic processes. More importantly, the identification of ferroptosis as a S-nitrosylation-sensitive pathway provides a new perspective for regulating meat quality through protein post-translational modifications.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Genome-wide characterization of the TGF-β superfamily identifies bmp15, gdf9, and gsdf as sex-biased candidate regulators of gonadal differentiation in the synchronous hermaphrodite Plectropomus leopardus.

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily plays conserved roles in vertebrate reproduction and gonadal sex differentiation. However, its genomic repertoire and sex-biased expression patterns remain unclear in the leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus), a species with synchronous hermaphroditism. Here, we performed a genome-wide identification of the TGF-β superfamily, identifying 42 genes from the chromosome-level genome. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses indicated that segmental duplication under purifying selection contributed to family expansion. Expression profiling across multiple tissues and four gonadal developmental stages (undifferentiated, 120 dph; early differentiated, 15 months; mature testis, 3 years; mature ovary, 3 years) identified eight gonad-enriched genes, among which bmp15 and gdf9 exhibited pronounced female-biased expression, with transcripts localized exclusively to the oocyte cytoplasm, particularly in stage II-III oocytes. In contrast, gsdf showed male-biased expression and was localized in spermatogenic cells of the testis. These reciprocal expression patterns indicate that bmp15/gdf9 and gsdf are candidate factors associated with gonadal sex differentiation. Our study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the TGF-β superfamily in P. leopardus and highlights bmp15, gdf9, and gsdf as candidate sex-differentiation factors in this hermaphroditic species.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Exploratory identification and cellular functional characterization of ppiabl as a candidate gene associated with growth traits in Paralichthys olivaceus.

The Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important mariculture species. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying its growth traits remain poorly understood. To explore the genetic basis of growth variation, whole-genome resequencing was performed in a cultured cohort of 60 individuals, followed by exploratory genome-wide association analysis and candidate-gene prioritization. The results revealed heritability estimates of 0.40 for body weight and 0.24 for body length, with substantial overlap in associated loci between the two traits. Exploratory association and variant-annotation analyses prioritized ppiabl, which carries a nonconservative missense variant, as a candidate gene for further investigation. Tissue expression analysis showed that ppiabl was highly expressed in muscle tissue. This gene encodes a protein belonging to the conserved peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase family. In Japanese flounder primary muscle cells, ppiabl knockdown was associated with altered expression of growth-related genes and an increased G1-phase fraction, whereas overexpression produced changes in the opposite direction. In line with this, fast-growing individuals were found to have significantly larger muscle fiber areas than slow-growing ones. These findings suggest that ppiabl may be involved in muscle-related cellular processes associated with growth variation in Japanese flounder, although its contribution to whole-animal growth requires further validation. Overall, this exploratory study prioritizes ppiabl as a candidate gene potentially associated with growth-related cellular processes in Japanese flounder, although validation in larger independent populations and in vivo models is required.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Genome-wide analysis of the plant-specific PLATZ gene family in Taraxacum kok-saghyz and its roles in response to drought and salt tolerance.

Abiotic stress severely limits plant growth and productivity. Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (TKS), known for its environmental resilience, represents a valuable resource for identifying stress-tolerant genes to improve stress-adaptive crops. Plant AT-rich protein and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) transcription factors serve as core regulators of plant growth, developmental processes, and adaptive responses to various stress conditions; however, they remain uncharacterized in TKS. Here, we identified 10 TksPLATZ genes through a whole-genome analysis. Phylogenetically, these genes were grouped into five distinct evolutionary branches. Promoter sequence analysis revealed multiple types of cis-acting regulatory elements that are connected with hormonal signal responses and environmental stress adaptation. Integrated analysis of transcriptome datasets and RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that TksPLATZ genes display tissue-specific expression profiles and show distinct responsive patterns to drought and salt stress treatments. Among them, TksPLATZ1, TksPLATZ2 and TksPLATZ7 were markedly induced under both stressors and were selected for further functional study. We demonstrated that TksPLATZ1, TksPLATZ2 and TksPLATZ7 localize to the cell nucleus and act as transcriptional activators and repressors, respectively. Phenotypic data from overexpression experiments in plants confirm that heterologous expression of TksPLATZ1, TksPLATZ2, and TksPLATZ7 enhances the tolerance of Arabidopsis to salt and osmotic stress. These findings provide valuable genetic resources for improving plant tolerance to environmental stresses.

Salt Tolerance↗