SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Precision mental health”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

878 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed2026

Psychotherapy vs antidepressants in heart failure: Impact of adherence.

BACKGROUND: Depression affects nearly half of patients with heart failure (HF), which is associated with increased morbidity and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This secondary per-protocol analysis of a previously published randomized trial evaluated the behavioral activation (BA) versus antidepressant medication (MEDS) among patients with depression and HF who adhered to study interventions. METHODS: This analysis is based on a pragmatic randomized comparative-effectiveness trial conducted from 2018 to 2022, with a 1-year follow-up. 416 participants diagnosed with HF and a DSM-5 depressive disorder were randomized to BA or MEDS, and the current analysis examined outcomes according to treatment adherence. OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was depressive symptom severity (PHQ-9) at 6 months, and the secondary outcomes were physical and mental HRQoL (SF-12v2-PC and SF-12v2-MC, respectively) and HF-specific HRQoL (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; KCCQ) overall and clinical scores (KCCQ-OS and KCCQ-CS), at 3, 6, and 12 months. High adherence was defined as completion of >75-100% of intervention components. Overall adherence rates were similar between BA and MEDS. At 6 months, among patients with >75-100% adherence who followed treatment as directed in both arms, BA was associated with higher Mental HRQoL (SF-12v2-MC: 5.22; 95% CI: 0.72 to 9.72; p = 0.023) and higher HF-specific HRQoL (KCCQ-OS: 16.08; 95% CI: 7.20 to 24.97; p < 0.001); (KCCQ-CS: 16.04; 95%CI: 7.05 to 25.02; p < 0.001) compared to MEDS. There were no significant differences in depressive symptoms or physical HRQoL at 6 months. INTERPRETATION: Both BA and MEDS were equally effective treatments for depression in HF. However, among highly adherent patients, BA was associated with greater improvements in mental and HF-specific HRQoL than MEDS. FUNDING/SUPPORT: The study was funded by PCORI Award Number: 2017C2-7716.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Impacts of Climate Change and Related Weather Events on the Health and Wellbeing of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Vulnerable populations such as culturally and linguistically diverse communities (CALD), ethnic minorities and racial groups face a disproportionate burden of climate change-related health impacts due to a combination of socio-cultural and economic factors, geographic vulnerabilities and health disparities. This review synthesised the existing evidence on the health and wellbeing impacts of climate change and related weather events among CALD communities. METHODS: A narrative synthesis approach was utilised to conduct a systematic review. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched, identifying 25 studies for appraisal and synthesis. Studies published in the English language from January 2010 to March 2024 were included in the review. RESULTS: The reviewed studies, mostly carried out in the USA, employed varied study designs, and focused on diverse CALD groups such as migrants, farmworkers and racial and ethnic minorities. The included studies addressed broader and specific climate change-related events, ranging from heat-related impacts and hurricanes to occupational heat exposure. CALD communities were found to be more vulnerable to climate change-related negative physical and mental health issues, further exacerbated by poor living conditions, limited access to healthcare, and cultural and language barriers. CONCLUSION: Future efforts by governments, healthcare agencies, employers and research institutions should prioritise multilingual risk communication strategies, providing culturally appropriate health education and healthcare access, housing improvements and the investigation of long-term health impacts of climate change and coping mechanisms adopted among CALD populations.

Climate Change↗

PubMed2026

USleep: efficacy of app-based audio interventions to improve sleep disturbance in working adults, a multi-arm randomized controlled trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of three categories of standalone, audio-based sleep interventions (Bedtime Stories, Sleep Sounds, Sleep Skills) delivered via mental health application (MHapp) in improving sleep among working adults with sleep disturbance. METHODS: A multi-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted. Adults with self-reported sleep disturbances were recruited online and randomly allocated to Bedtime Stories, Sleep Sounds, Sleep Skills, or digital control. Participants completed self-report questionnaires on sleep disturbance and other related outcomes at baseline (t0) and after the 4-week intervention (t1). The primary analysis followed an intention-to-treat approach using mixed-effects models. RESULTS: A total of 495 working adults (mean age = 32.7 years; 55.8% female) were randomized. For sleep disturbance (primary outcome), the between-group Hedges' g effect sizes were very small and not statistically significant (Bedtimes stories vs. control: g = 0.12, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.37, Sleep Sounds vs. control: g = 0.14, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.39, Sleep Skills 0.07, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.29), with slightly greater reductions in sleep disturbance for the intervention groups than control. The same pattern was observed for sleep-related impairment, mental health, well-being, and pre-sleep arousal. CONCLUSION: Audio-based sleep interventions delivered via a MHapp did not demonstrate superior efficacy over a digital control condition in reducing self-reported sleep disturbance among working adults. Although safe and well-tolerated, their use as standalone treatments for sleep disturbance is not supported by these findings. Future research should explore effectiveness in real-world settings, including user content choice across categories, and use objective sleep measures. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered at https://www.isrctn.com/ under "Evaluating the efficacy of audio-based digital tools to improve sleep on the Unmind workplace well-being platform"; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13426045; registration number: 13426045.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

ORBIT: Oncogenic Representation Learning via Bi-Prototype Contrastive Learning in Hyperbolic Space for cancer driver gene identification.

Accurate identification of cancer driver genes is crucial for precision oncology but remains challenging due to the complexity of integrating heterogeneous data and modeling dynamic biological systems. To address these limitations, we propose ORBIT (Oncogenic Representation Learning via Bi-Prototype Contrastive Learning in Hyperbolic Space). Our framework synergistically fuses multi-omics profiles with functional network data using a context-adaptive graph reweighting mechanism to capture cancer-specific dynamics. The model employs a bi-prototype contrastive learning strategy within hyperbolic space, which aligns gene representations around distinct driver and non-driver semantic anchors while preserving the intrinsic hierarchy of biological networks. Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate that ORBIT achieves highly competitive stability in pan-cancer analysis while consistently outperforming state-of-the-art methods in cancer-specific predictions. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis confirms that the model effectively segregates core cancer pathways, and drug sensitivity profiling validates the clinical relevance of the identified drivers. By integrating hyperbolic geometry with context-adaptive learning, ORBIT offers a robust and interpretable paradigm for precision medicine. The source codes and datasets are publicly accessible at https://github.com/spcho-dev/ORBIT.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Exploring precision risk in pediatric vesicoureteral reflux: Innate immune gene variations and reflux outcomes in the RIVUR cohort.

INTRODUCTION: Children with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) are at increased risk for morbidity from recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), yet the factors influencing spontaneous VUR resolution remain poorly defined. This study evaluates whether genetic variations in key urinary innate immune effectors (DEFA1A3, DMBT1, and RNASE7) influences VUR resolution and interacts with prophylaxis to alter clinical response. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of 303 RIVUR participants with available DEFA1A3 and DMBT1 copy number variation (CNV) data and RNASE7 rs1263872 genotype. Primary outcomes were (1) VUR improvement (decrease in grade) and (2) VUR resolution at study exit. Multivariable logistic regression models included genotype, treatment, and their interactions, adjusting for age, sex, baseline grade (high vs low), laterality, bowel/bladder dysfunction, and any UTI. Internal validation used 2000-sample bootstrap with bias-corrected and accelerated confidence intervals and influence diagnostics. RESULTS: Clinical covariates did not significantly predict VUR improvement. Children with DEFA1A3 CNV >5 had higher odds of improvement (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.12-4.96, p = 0.023), an effect that remained significant in bootstrap analyses. High-grade VUR was associated with lower odds of resolution (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12-0.94, p = 0.038). A significant interaction was observed between prophylaxis and high DMBT1 copy number for VUR resolution (interaction OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.11-8.04, p = 0.031); no interaction was seen for improvement. RNASE7 rs1263872 was not associated with either outcome. CONCLUSION: Innate immune gene variation may contribute to heterogeneity in VUR outcomes. High DEFA1A3 copy number was associated with reflux improvement and a DMBT1-prophylaxis interaction was associated with reflux resolution. The results of this study is hypothesis-generating and prompt further evaluation to assess whether a subset of children may experience structural benefit from prophylaxis or have a more favorable natural history based on their innate immune genotype.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

SGLF-Net:Staged Global-to-Local Cross-Scale Fusion Network for Colonoscopic Polyp Segmentation.

Polyp segmentation in colonoscopy images plays a pivotal role in computer-aided medical diagnosis and the early prevention of colorectal cancer. However, existing methods often suffer from performance degradation when confronted with extreme polyp scale variation and polyp boundary ambiguity. To address these challenges, we propose the Staged Global-to-Local Cross-Scale Fusion Network (SGLF-Net), which adopts a novel staged global-to-local learning paradigm to progressively refine segmentation from coarse global semantics to fine-grained local details. Specifically, the Global Semantic Perception Stage integrates a Swin Transformer Encoder and a Dynamic Attentive Decoder (DAD) to construct comprehensive multi-scale contextual representations. The Local Detail Refinement Stage employs an Edge-aware Dynamic Attentive Decoder (E-DAD) to enhance structural fidelity and boundary precision through explicit edge-guided supervision. Furthermore, we introduce the Cross Spatial-Scale Feature Aggregation and Reconstitution (CSSAR) module, equipped with hybrid attention mechanisms, to facilitate efficient semantic structural interaction between the two cascaded stages. Extensive experiments on five public benchmark datasets demonstrate that SGLF-Net consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both segmentation accuracy and boundary preservation.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Perinatal depression, maternal thyroid status and fetus/infant health and development: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid hormones are known to influence both maternal depression and child developmental outcomes, while maternal depression independently affects child outcomes. The potential interaction between thyroid dysfunction and depression in shaping child development remains insufficiently explored. The present study addresses such interplay. METHODS: Following PRISMA 2020 and JBI guidelines, three databases were searched through December 2025 for primary studies on maternal thyroid status, perinatal depression, and child development. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using validated tools. Due to clinical and methodological heterogeneity, data were synthesized narratively following SWiM guidelines. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included. Beyond independent risks for preterm birth and behavioral problems, limited evidence supports a synergistic model, while most studies likely reflect the simple co-occurrence of risks. Maternal thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab) were associated with child externalizing problems exclusively in the presence of clinical depression. High depressive symptoms also attenuated the cognitive benefits of prenatal iodine supplementation. Thyroid status appears to function as a risk moderator rather than a mediator. However, 50% of observational studies presented high RoB, primarily due to participant attrition. CONCLUSION: Findings are still scarce to support a synergistic risk model where specific maternal thyroid parameters (i.e. thyroid autoimmunity and iodine status) may moderate the impact of depressive symptoms on child development. Despite the high RoB in half of the studies, results highlight the need for integrated screening protocols. Simultaneously assessing mental health and thyroid status may optimize risk stratification for high-risk mother-infant dyads.

Female↗

PubMed2026

Multi-omic biomarkers in cardiovascular disease: Discovery to clinical translation.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide, necessitating improved risk stratification and early detection strategies. Multiomics approaches that integrate genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics offer unprecedented opportunities for biomarker discovery and precision medicine in cardiovascular care. This narrative review examines the current landscape of multiomics biomarkers for CVD, tracing their evolution from discovery to clinical translation. We synthesize evidence from recent studies evaluating the clinical utility of integrated omics approaches across diverse cardiovascular conditions, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. High-throughput proteomics has identified novel protein signatures that enhance cardiovascular risk prediction beyond traditional risk factors. Metabolomics has revealed pathway-specific biomarkers, including trimethylamine N-oxide and lipid species, associated with atherogenesis. Polygenic risk scores derived from genomic data demonstrate incremental value when combined with clinical risk scores. Multiomics biomarkers represent a transformative approach to cardiovascular risk assessment and disease management.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Beyond antigen matching: compatibility intelligence theory for transfusion as an emergent biological system.

BACKGROUND: Despite major advances in serologic testing, extended phenotyping, and blood group genomics, clinically similar transfusion exposures may result in markedly different immune and clinical outcomes. Existing compatibility strategies do not fully explain this biological variability. OBJECTIVES: To examine transfusion compatibility as an emergent donor-recipient biological state and propose a systems-level conceptual framework that integrates established biological determinants into a testable model for future precision transfusion medicine. METHODS: This narrative review critically synthesizes current evidence from blood group genomics, recipient immunobiology, inflammation, disease-specific biology, transfusion medicine, and computational prediction. The proposed framework distinguishes Compatibility Intelligence Theory (CIT) as a biological interpretation from Precision Transfusion Intelligence (PTI) as its potential clinician-supervised translational application. RESULTS: The review argues that transfusion compatibility is shaped by interactions among donor genetics, recipient immune biology, inflammatory physiology, disease context, transfusion history, and longitudinal adaptation rather than by antigen matching alone. CIT provides an organizational framework for integrating these determinants, whereas PTI describes a possible clinician-supervised translation. To address current feasibility, the revised framework separates variables into routinely measurable, contextually available but incompletely standardized, and research-stage domains, and proposes a staged strategy for deriving rather than assuming their quantitative weights. Any clinical implementation would require comparative validation against current serologic, phenotypic, and genotype-based practice. CONCLUSIONS: Compatibility Intelligence Theory offers a testable systems-level framework for understanding transfusion compatibility without replacing established transfusion practices. The framework is not presented as a ready-to-use score: currently measurable variables can be organized for structured risk review, whereas inflammatory, immunogenetic, and multi-omic inputs require prospective standardization and validation. If future studies demonstrate incremental predictive and patient-centered benefit, CIT-informed PTI could support an adaptive, evidence-based extension of current precision transfusion practice.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Whole-Genome Deep Learning Predicts Chemotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer.

Chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits significant heterogeneity, with current clinical predictors failing to capture complex genomic determinants of resistance. We developed a hybrid deep learning framework integrating convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) networks to analyze whole-genome somatic mutations, evolutionary conservation, chromatin accessibility, and 3D genome architecture in 2,546 TCGA patients. An attention mechanism identified predictive genomic regions. The model achieved an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89-0.94) in cross-validation and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85-0.91) in independent validation, outperforming clinical models (ΔAUC = +0.18, p < 0.001). Key predictors included non-coding variants in TP53, KRAS, and PIK3CA regulatory regions. Triple-positive patients (mutations in all 3 regions) had significantly worse progression-free survival (HR = 4.7, p < 0.001). Our framework enables accurate chemotherapy response prediction and reveals novel non-coding resistance mechanisms, advancing precision oncology in CRC.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Long-term microbiome and clinical effects of a microbiome-guided personalized diet versus low-FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome: A 12-month follow-up randomized controlled trial.

Dietary therapy is central to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) management, yet the long-term durability of the low-FODMAP diet (LFD), and of microbiome-guided personalization, remains unclear. We assessed the long-term clinical and gut-microbiome effects of a microbiome-guided personalized diet (PD) compared with a standard LFD in adults meeting Rome IV criteria for IBS. In this multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial with blinded outcome assessment, participants who completed a 6-week dietary intervention (PD or LFD) were followed at 6 and 12 months without further dietary intervention. Outcomes included the IBS Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS), IBS Quality of Life (IBS-QOL), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); gut microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing. Longitudinal changes were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models, responder analyses, PERMANOVA, and PERMDISP. Both diets reduced IBS-SSS at 6 weeks. PD maintained symptom improvement at 6 and 12 months (-82.0 and -78.3 points from baseline), whereas LFD benefits regressed by 12 months (+29.3 points; between-group p = 0.001). At 12 months, IBS-SSS responder rates were higher with PD than LFD (62.5% vs 34.5%; absolute risk difference +28.0%, 95% CI 4.2-47.7; Fisher p = 0.029), and IBS-QOL, HADS-anxiety, and HADS-depression showed more favourable trajectories with PD. PD was associated with sustained Shannon alpha-diversity gains (+0.488 at 6 weeks; +0.205 at 12 months; both p < 0.01). A modest between-group beta-diversity difference at 6 months (R2 = 0.035; p = 0.011) was not significant at 12 months. This hypothesis-generating follow-up suggests more durable benefit with PD; larger trials powered for long-term clinical and microbiome outcomes are warranted.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Dual Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulates Hierarchical Functional Network Organization in Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of dual transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and to explore the effects on the hierarchical organization of functional brain networks, ranging from regional synchronization to inter-regional connectivity and global network topology. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial, 74 PSCI patients received conventional therapy alongside either active dual-tDCS (n = 38) or sham stimulation (n = 36). Active tDCS targeted the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) via anodal-left/cathodal-right nodes (2.0 mA, 20 min/day, 20 sessions). The primary outcome was the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Secondary outcomes included the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Stroop Test (ST), Trail Making Test (TMT), Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), and Barthel Index (BI). A subgroup of 36 participants (18 per group) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to analyze regional homogeneity (ReHo), functional connectivity (FC), and network topology. Partial correlations assessed the association between neuroimaging alterations and clinical improvements. RESULTS: The tDCS group showed significantly greater improvements in MoCA scores (tDCS: 5.74 ± 2.76 vs. sham: 2.69 ± 2.69; t = 4.799, p < 0.001) as well as in attention and memory domains compared to the sham group. The rs-fMRI changes included increased ReHo in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and reduced FC between the right MTG-left superior frontal gyrus and left IFG-cerebellum (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). Additionally, small-worldness and global efficiency increased (p < 0.05) with these alterations correlating with clinical recovery. Adverse events were rare and self-limiting. CONCLUSION: Dual-tDCS over bilateral DLPFC safely improves cognitive recovery in PSCI. These clinical gains are associated with rs-fMRI alterations, specifically in regional synchronization, inter-regional connectivity, and global topology, which suggest a potential biomarker for monitoring tDCS efficacy, offering a rationale for precision neuromodulation in stroke rehabilitation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Assessing perinatal depression identifying abilities among maternal and child health workers in rural China using smartphone-based virtual patients: a multi-center cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess rural maternal and child health (MCH) workers' virtual patients (VPs)-assessed performance in identifying perinatal depression (PND) using smartphone-based VPs, and to identify factors associated with this performance in rural Hunan, China. METHODS: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in Hunan Province, China. A standardized questionnaire collected demographic and work-related characteristics of rural MCH workers. Smartphone-based VPs were used to assess PND identification performance in a simulated clinical scenario. An overall score ≥60 was used as a prespecified operational benchmark across consultation, ancillary assessment, diagnosis, management, and health education domains. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. RESULTS: A total of 375 rural MCH workers participated, yielding an effective response rate of 90.4%. Only 25.9% met the prespecified operational benchmark for VP-assessed PND identification performance. The mean accuracy scores for consultation, ancillary assessment, diagnosis, management, and health education were 94%, 48%, 64%, 58%, and 74%, respectively. Complete consultation accuracy was higher among MCH workers from township health centers than among those from county-level MCH hospitals. MCH workers aged 18-39 years showed higher odds of complete diagnostic accuracy for PND than those aged ≥40 years. CONCLUSIONS: Smartphone-based VP assessment was feasible in rural MCH settings and revealed suboptimal PND identification performance. Mobile VPs may help identify frontline performance gaps and inform targeted training, but further validation against real-world clinical performance, or standardized patient encounters is needed before large-scale implementation. These findings may support targeted capacity-building for rural MCH workers and more equitable perinatal mental health care.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Multimodal intervention benefits: Responder analysis of J-MINT PRIME Kanagawa trial.

INTRODUCTION: The J-MINT PRIME Kanagawa trial was an 18-month multimodal intervention (incorporating exercise, nutrition, and metabolic management) for dementia prevention. Because the primary analysis showed no significant benefits, we performed an exploratory responder analysis to identify responsive subpopulations. METHODS: We analyzed the Full Analysis Set comprising 188 participants. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, applied to the intervention arm, identified baseline predictors of cognitive improvement. These rules were then applied to the entire cohort to evaluate treatment effects on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) using fully adjusted mixed-effects models for repeated measures (MMRM). RESULTS: CART identified a "Target Group" (N = 108) characterized by baseline profiles such as an MMSE score < 28 or specific metabolic ranges (e.g., LDL-C < 135 mg/dL). Within this target group, the intervention significantly preserved MMSE trajectories compared with the control group (group × time interaction, P = 0.022). In contrast, the Non-Target Group (N = 80), consisting of high-functioning individuals (MMSE ≥ 28), exhibited no significant group × time interaction. DISCUSSION: Multimodal interventions may effectively preserve global cognition in older adults with sub-threshold cognitive decline. Careful targeting of appropriate populations, while considering potential longitudinal measurement artifacts (e.g., practice effects), is essential. These findings provide a hypothesis-generating framework that warrants external validation in future prevention trials.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic: an umbrella review.

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a toxic environmental pollutant linked to serious health risks, prompting global regulatory efforts. This study identifies major health conditions associated with iAs exposure using text network analysis, and assesses health risk assessments through an umbrella review and dose-response analysis. It synthesizes previous systematic reviews to offer a broader perspective on iAs-related health effects. An optimized text network analysis-based search strategy was applied across multiple databases to identify relevant systematic reviews. An umbrella review framework was employed to synthesize and reinterpret findings across systematic reviews. The methodological quality of included systematic reviews was assessed using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 tool. Extracted data on study characteristics, exposure levels, and risk estimates were analyzed to evaluate the dose-response relationship between iAs exposure and health outcomes. From 922 systematic reviews, 36 were included and categorized into 10 health condition groups. For example, seven SRs found a significant dose-response relationship between iAs and bladder cancer, with one systematic review reporting relative risks of 2.70, 4.20, and 5.80 at 10, 50, and 150 µg/L, respectively. Individual study analysis further showed that each 10 µg/L increase in iAs raised bladder cancer risk by 3.11 % (p=0.003). iAs exposure is associated with hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and adverse fetal outcomes. Dose-dependent increases in bladder cancer, lung cancer, and hypertension risks were observed. These findings support more precise health risk assessments and regulatory strategies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of carbohydrate mouth rinse on psychophysiological responses, kinematic variables and technical actions during small-sided soccer games.

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate mouth rinsing (CHOMR) on various psychophysiological, kinematic, and technical actions during 4-a-side small-sided soccer games (SSGs). METHODS: In a randomized, crossover, double-blind design, 16 young male soccer players (age: 15 ± 1 years; height: 172.6 ± 7.0 cm; body mass: 57.8 ± 7.9 kg) participated in two 4-a-side SSGs separated by one week following either CHOMR or placebo (PLA). During each SSGs, heart rate (HRmean, %HR, and HRmax), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), enjoyment, visual analogue scale (VAS) to perceived mental fatigue, mood states, total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD), average metabolic power (AMP), high metabolic load distance (HMLD), sprint distance (SD), acceleration (ACC), deceleration (DEC), and technical actions (e.g. passing, tackling, shooting, and interceptions) were assessed. RESULTS: Compared with PLA, CHOMR resulted in significantly higher RPE (p = 0.025, g = 0.86) and significantly lower VAS scores (p = 0.010, g = -0.71). In addition, the CHOMR condition showed significantly higher values for interceptions, successful tackles, unsuccessful tackles, unsuccessful shots, and goals (p < 0.05, g = 0.96-2.02), whereas block values were significantly higher in the PLA condition. There were no statistically significant differences in HRmean, %HR, HRmax, enjoyment, TD, HSRD, AMP, HMLD, SD, ACC, DEC, successful passes, unsuccessful passes, successful shots, or mood states between the conditions (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The current study findings suggest that CHOMR may enhance selected technical actions and lower VAS scores during 4-a-side SSGs, although it was also associated with higher RPE and did not alter the kinematic responses. In conclusion, CHOMR was associated with higher RPE, lower mental fatigue, and selective improvements in technical actions, with no significant effects on kinematic variables or HR.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genome-wide association study of estimated glomerular filtration rate using repeated measurements in the Taiwan Biobank.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health issue, with genetic factors playing a significant role in kidney function. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), most studies relied on a single time-point measurement, which limits the capacity to account for within-individual measurement variability. METHODS: We performed a repeated-measurement GWAS in the prospective Taiwan Biobank (Taiwanese ancestry; n = 25,004) using two repeated creatinine-based eGFR measurements. Repeated eGFR values were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model with a subject-specific random intercept and time-varying covariates, providing a more precise estimate of eGFR level. Identified loci underwent functional annotation (expression quantitative trait locus, deleteriousness prediction, and epigenetic markers) and were compared with results from a single-measurement GWAS. RESULTS: Six loci associated with eGFR were identified, including four previously reported regions (1q22, 4q21.1, 11p14.1, and 17q21.2) and two additional loci (6p21.32 and 15q24.2). Functional annotation implicated several candidate genes-such as MUC1/EFNA1, SHROOM3, HLA-DQB1, MPPED2, NRG4, and PGAP3/FBXL20-in the regulation of kidney function. CONCLUSION: Incorporating repeated eGFR measurements into GWAS may improve phenotypic precision for identifying genetic associations with kidney function. This study identified eGFR-associated loci and biologically plausible candidate genes in a Taiwanese population, which require further replication and functional validation.

Chronic kidney disease↗

PubMed2026

Targeting TP53 in triple-negative breast cancer: Molecular pathogenesis, therapeutic implications, and emerging pharmacological strategies.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a highly aggressive and therapeutically challenging subtype, defined by the absence of oestrogen, progesterone, and HER2 expression. Tumour Protein 53 (TP53) mutations represent the most frequent genetic alteration, occurring in over 80% of cases and driving tumour initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Mutant p53 proteins not only lose canonical tumour-suppressive functions but also often acquire gain-of-function (GOF) oncogenic properties that promote metastasis, genomic instability, and resistance to mechanisms like ferroptosis. This review examines the biological role of TP53 in TNBC pathogenesis and evaluates emerging pharmacological strategies aimed at targeting these vulnerabilities. Key approaches include the pharmacological reactivation of mutant p53 using small molecules such as APR-246, COTI-2, and the mutation-specific reactivator rezatapopt (PC14586), which has shown significant clinical tumour reduction in Y220C-mutant patients. Other strategies involve targeted protein degradation, the exploitation of synthetic lethal interactions (e.g., Chk1 or Aurora kinase B inhibition), and the use of natural products like cryptolepine or piperine derivatives. Recent clinical evidence further highlights the potential of combining epigenetic agents like decitabine with chemotherapy in TP53-mutant populations. Integrating TP53 mutation status into biomarker-driven treatment paradigms is a pivotal step toward achieving precision oncology and improving clinical outcomes for patients with TNBC.

Precision oncology↗