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Effects of carbohydrate mouth rinse on psychophysiological responses, kinematic variables and technical actions during small-sided soccer games.

Erdinc Gorgulu·Yusuf Soylu·Ersan Arslan·Bulent Kilit·Neil D Clarke
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of carbohydrate mouth rinsing (CHOMR) on various psychophysiological, kinematic, and technical actions during 4-a-side small-sided soccer games (SSGs). METHODS: In a randomized, crossover, double-blind design, 16 young male soccer players (age: 15&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;1 years; height: 172.6&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;7.0&#x2009;cm; body mass: 57.8&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;7.9 kg) participated in two 4-a-side SSGs separated by one week following either CHOMR or placebo (PLA). During each SSGs, heart rate (HRmean, %HR, and HRmax), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), enjoyment, visual analogue scale (VAS) to perceived mental fatigue, mood states, total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD), average metabolic power (AMP), high metabolic load distance (HMLD), sprint distance (SD), acceleration (ACC), deceleration (DEC), and technical actions (e.g. passing, tackling, shooting, and interceptions) were assessed. RESULTS: Compared with PLA, CHOMR resulted in significantly higher RPE (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.025, g&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.86) and significantly lower VAS scores (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.010, g&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.71). In addition, the CHOMR condition showed significantly higher values for interceptions, successful tackles, unsuccessful tackles, unsuccessful shots, and goals (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05, g&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.96-2.02), whereas block values were significantly higher in the PLA condition. There were no statistically significant differences in HRmean, %HR, HRmax, enjoyment, TD, HSRD, AMP, HMLD, SD, ACC, DEC, successful passes, unsuccessful passes, successful shots, or mood states between the conditions (p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05). CONCLUSION: The current study findings suggest that CHOMR may enhance selected technical actions and lower VAS scores during 4-a-side SSGs, although it was also associated with higher RPE and did not alter the kinematic responses. In conclusion, CHOMR was associated with higher RPE, lower mental fatigue, and selective improvements in technical actions, with no significant effects on kinematic variables or HR.

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HumansSoccerMaleCross-Over StudiesDouble-Blind MethodHeart RateAthletic PerformanceBiomechanical PhenomenaAdolescentPhysical ExertionMouthwashesAffectDietary CarbohydratesMental FatigueRunningCarbohydrate mouth rinsegame performancegame-based trainingperformance analysispsychophysiologicalJournal ArticleRandomized Controlled Trial

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Erdinc Gorgulu, Yusuf Soylu, Ersan Arslan, Bulent Kilit, Neil D Clarke. 2026-09-01. Effects of carbohydrate mouth rinse on psychophysiological responses, kinematic variables and technical actions during small-sided soccer games.. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2026.2726524

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Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial resourceAdolescent subjectAffect subjectAthletic Performance subjectBiomechanical Phenomena subjectCarbohydrate mouth rinse subjectCross-Over Studies subjectDietary Carbohydrates subjectDouble-Blind Method subjectHeart Rate subjectHumans subjectJournal Article subjectMale subjectMental Fatigue subjectMouthwashes subjectRandomized controlled trials study

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