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PubMed2026

Patient-reported outcomes with tarlatamab in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy: results from the phase 3 DeLLphi-304 trial.

BACKGROUND: Extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is associated with a high symptom burden and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This prespecified analysis from the phase 3 DeLLphi-304 trial evaluated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for tarlatamab versus standard-of-care (SoC) chemotherapy following first-line platinum-based therapy. METHODS: DeLLphi-304 is a multicenter, open-label, randomized phase 3 study in adults with ES-SCLC. PROs were assessed using validated instruments, including the EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-LC13, FACT-G GP5, BPI-SF, and the EQ-5D-5L visual analogue scale. Change from baseline, response rates, and time to deterioration in these PROs were analyzed. RESULTS: PRO data from all 509 patients enrolled were evaluated. Compliance with QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13 assessments remained above 69% through 19 weeks. A higher proportion of patients receiving tarlatamab achieved symptom or functional improvement at 19 weeks compared with SoC in chest pain (19% vs 10%), cough (35% vs 26%), dyspnea (22% vs 7%), physical functioning (13% vs 8%), and global health status (23% vs 15%), respectively. Tarlatamab also delayed deterioration in symptoms, physical functioning, and pain at worst relative to SoC. FACT-G GP5 results indicated that patients receiving tarlatamab were less bothered by treatment side effects over time. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to its previously reported antitumor activity, tarlatamab demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in symptoms and HRQoL compared with SoC. These findings support a favorable benefit-risk profile of tarlatamab in patients previously treated for ES-SCLC.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Valproate vs levetiracetam in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a genetic generalized epilepsy syndrome with onset typically in adolescence and a chronic course requiring long-term antiseizure medications (ASMs). Valproate (VPA) is the most effective treatment for seizure control in JME but use is limited by metabolic, cognitive, and teratogenic adverse effects (AEs). Levetiracetam (LEV) is an alternative ASM when VPA is contraindicated or not tolerated. Comparisons of the efficacy and long-term tolerability of VPA and LEV remain limited. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception through January 2026 for studies in JME patients comparing LEV and VPA, and included randomized controlled trials and comparative observational studies with ≥ 6 months of follow-up. Primary outcomes were seizure remission and ASM failure or treatment discontinuation. Secondary outcomes included, memory impairment, weight gain or obesity, dizziness, and overall AEs. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. RESULTS: Seven studies encompassing 1,009 patients were included. VPA was associated with higher pooled seizure remission rates compared with LEV (344 of 574 vs. 169 of 390; RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27-1.63); however, substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 88.4%) limits confidence in this finding. VPA was associated with a lower risk of drug failure or treatment discontinuation (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54-0.86), with no heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%). VPA was also associated with a higher risk of memory impairment (RR 5.37, 95% CI 2.05-14.04; I2 = 74.5%) and weight gain or obesity (RR 6.40, 95% CI 3.64-11.26; I2 = 35.9%). No significant differences were observed between treatments regarding dizziness (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.61-1.37; I2 = 21.2%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the pooled estimates. CONCLUSION: VPA was associated with higher seizure remission rates and lower treatment discontinuation compared with LEV; however, these findings must be interpreted with caution given the substantial heterogeneity, the predominance of observational studies, and the serious risk of bias identified in most included studies VPA also demonstrated lower rates of treatment discontinuation, despite a higher burden of cognitive impairment and weight gain. No relevant differences were observed regarding dizziness. Large-scale randomized trials with standardized outcome definitions and longer follow-up are needed to define the comparative risk-benefit profiles of LEV and VPA in JME.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of fluoride tolerance-related pathways and differentially expressed genes in silkworm strain XSKD.

XueSong KD (XSKD) silkworm strain exhibits prominent fluoride tolerance, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms of fluoride tolerance remains unclear. In the present study, fourth-instar pre-molting XSKD silkworms were used as experimental materials for integrated transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic analyses. In total, 572 differentially expressed genes and 90 differential metabolites were screened. GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment based on the hypergeometric distribution model revealed that 13-Hydroxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid (13-(S)-HODE) acts as the core differential metabolite, which is significantly enriched in the linoleic acid metabolism pathway. Within this pathway, LOC101737302 and CYP338A1 display opposite expression trends and show correlations with pathway metabolites. Based on multi-omics data, this study preliminarily characterizes the lipid metabolic response under fluoride stress, providing omics dataset support for further in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanism of fluoride tolerance in silkworms.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Comprehensive quality profiling and comparative metabolic characterization of seven dominant fresh-eating Chinese olive (Canarium album Lour.) cultivars in Southern China.

Fresh-eating Chinese olive (Canarium album Lour.) is a subtropical fruit endemic to southern China with considerable commercial value, yet systematic quality characterization of dominant cultivars remains scarce. This study established a multi-dimensional quality dataset for seven dominant cultivars from Fujian and Guangdong provinces, integrating nutritional components, soluble sugars, organic acids, mineral elements, volatile profiles, and non-targeted metabolomics. Significant cultivar-specific differences were observed across all evaluated dimensions: "Lingfeng" exhibited a sugar-dominant low-acid profile, whereas "Sanleng" showed elevated phenolic constituents accumulation. Volatile profiling identified terpenoid-based candidate discriminatory biomarkers, and metabolomic analysis revealed phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism as the most variable pathways. Correlations between untargeted profiling and targeted absolute quantification validated untargeted result reliability and revealed their complementarity in nutritional evaluation. These findings provide baseline data for FECO germplasm evaluation and targeted industrial utilization.

China↗

PubMed2026

Effects of faba bean-based crisping culture on phenotypic characteristics, muscle quality, and serum metabolome in Nile tilapia: Screening biomarkers to assess the degree of crisping.

Feeding Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) a faba bean-based crisping diet enhances muscle hardness (crispness) and overall flesh quality. However, the underlying mechanisms and reliable biomarkers remain insufficiently defined. This study integrated phenotypic traits, muscle texture, collagen content, serum antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px), MDA levels, and serum metabolomics to understand the determinants of muscle crisping. Fish were assigned to a crisping diet or a control group for 90 days. Individuals in the crisping group were implanted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to enable correlation analyses among phenotypic traits (body weight/length/frame changes), serum indicators (NAM, FAD, and GSH-Px) and muscle hardness. Compared with controls, the crisping diet significantly increased muscle hardness, gumminess, and chewiness, accompanied by elevated collagen content. Antioxidant profiles were altered, with higher activities of serum SOD and CAT, together with elevated MDA levels and reduced GSH-Px activity (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis identified 830 differential metabolites (682 upregulated and 148 downregulated), predominantly comprising carboxylic acids and derivatives, glycerophospholipids, and benzene derivatives. Enrichment analysis indicated significant involvement in general metabolic pathways, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, amino acid biosynthesis, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism (P < 0.05). Notably, acetylpyruvate was upregulated in glutathione metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and galactose metabolism; pantothenic acid was upregulated in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; whereas δ-tocotrienol was downregulated. Correlation analysis revealed weak negative associations between muscle hardness and phenotypic traits (body weight/length/frame changes D5-7, D5-10, D7-8) (P < 0.05). In contrast, serum NAM and FAD were weakly positively correlated with muscle hardness, whereas GSH-Px showed a weak negative correlation (P < 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that body weight, body length, frame measurements (D5-7, D5-10, and D7-8), and serum NAM, FAD, and GSH-Px are associated with the degree of muscle crispness in Nile tilapia fed a faba bean-based crisping diet and may serve as candidate biomarkers under these culture conditions.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Management of neonates born to mothers with reactive serologic tests for syphilis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The dramatic resurgence of maternal and congenital syphilis in the United States highlights the need for their optimal management as syphilis in pregnancy can result in substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes current epidemiology and discusses guidance on the management of neonates born to mothers with reactive serologic tests for syphilis. RECENT FINDINGS: Timely communication with local health department professionals is essential for optimal management of mothers with reactive serologic tests for syphilis and their neonates. Knowledge of maternal syphilis treatment history by partnering with local jurisdictions can circumvent much of the incertitude surrounding neonatal management. All neonates born to mothers with reactive serologic tests for syphilis should be tested using a nontreponemal ('lipoidal antigen') test. However, a reactive test may only indicate maternal nontreponemal IgG antibodies that are transferred transplacentally to the fetus. Therefore, neonatal management depends on maternal history and treatment for syphilis as well as clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings in the neonatal evaluation. Existing management algorithms are complex, highlighting the need for a more practical, yet safe, approach. SUMMARY: A neonatal management guideline is proposed that may simplify the management of neonates born to mothers with reactive serologic tests for syphilis while advocating for expanded use of single-dose benzathine penicillin G therapy.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Glycerophospholipid remodeling under osmotic stress in grass carp gills.

Salinity fluctuations represent a pervasive environmental challenge for freshwater fishes, yet the cellular and metabolic programs governing early osmoregulatory responses remain understudied. Here, we investigated the time-dependent gill responses of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) subjected to an acute, sublethal salinity increase 9 parts per thousand (ppt). Histological and biochemical analyses revealed progressive gill lesions accompanied by elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and lipid peroxidation, indicating rapid tissue injury under osmotic stress. Integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling uncovered pronounced temporal reprogramming, consistently highlighting glycerophospholipid metabolism as a central axis of response. In particular, phosphatidylcholine (PC) species exhibited dynamic remodeling, coupled with transcriptional enrichment of lipid turnover, membrane transport, and innate immune pathways. Network-based integration identified a PC-centered remodeling module characterized by accelerated PC headgroup turnover, disruption of the PLA2-LPCAT2 lyso-PC reacylation cycle, and enhanced ABC transporter-associated lipid and sterol export, reflected by cholesteryl sulfate accumulation and a shifted n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived oxylipin signature. Functional assays further demonstrated that PC and linoleic acid (LA) supplementation improved cell viability and alleviated oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling in grass carp cells under salinity challenge. Collectively, these findings reveal phospholipid-centered membrane remodeling as an early, integrative mechanism linking osmotic stress to gill injury and immune activation in freshwater fish, providing insights into potential strategies of environmental stress adaptation.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests: performance, pitfalls, and progress.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have revolutionized malaria diagnosis in endemic settings. RDTs are simple to use and accurate for clinical cases, although sensitivity is reduced at parasite densities below 200 parasites/μl. However, increasing prevalence of hrp2/3 gene deletions in certain areas threaten utility of histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2)-based RDTs, and lingering HRP2 antigenemia can generate false-positive results after parasite clearance. This review summarizes current performance of malaria RDTs, threats to their validity, and recent innovations to improve their performance and continued role in malaria diagnosis. RECENT FINDINGS: Most World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified RDTs perform well for clinical diagnosis, with only occasional exceptions, including a recently reported issue affecting several countries. RDT sensitivity is generally related to malaria transmission intensity, with higher proportions of false-negative results in lower-transmission areas. Newly prequalified lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH)-based RDTs perform well for both Plasmodium falciparum in areas with >5% hrp2/3 gene deletions and for Plasmodium vivax diagnosis. Several point-of-care alternatives to RDTs, including micro-fluidic devices, hemozoin-detecting devices, and automated hematology analyzers, have shown promising results in small studies, but require larger-scale trials before widespread use. SUMMARY: RDTs remain a critical tool in clinical diagnosis of malaria, and newer pLDH-based tests perform well in areas where hrp2/3 gene deletions threaten validity of HRP2-based RDTs.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy and safety of microwave ablation for the treatment of pulmonary osteosarcoma oligometastases.

PURPOSE: Evaluate efficacy and safety of microwave ablation (MWA) for pulmonary osteosarcoma oligometastases. METHODS: Twenty-two patients (median age, 16 years [range, 9-41 years]; 15 male) with pulmonary osteosarcoma oligometastases who underwent MWA from January 2018 to December 2023 were included, with 27 MWA sessions for 36 lung metastases. Technical success and complications were evaluated in all 22 patients, while efficacy and survival were evaluated in 19 patients with 24 MWA sessions in treatment of 32 tumors. Technical success was assessed for each tumor. Local tumor control, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Complications were classified using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all 36 tumors (100.0%). Local tumor progression occurred in five of 32 tumors (15.6%). The estimated local tumor control rates at 12, 24 and 36 months were 96.9%, 86.1% and 81.5%, respectively. No significant difference in local control was found between tumors ≤ 10 mm and > 10 mm (p = .470). Twelve of 19 patients (63.2%) developed new lung metastases outside the ablation area, including one with concurrent newly developed bone metastases and one with recurrence of primary osteosarcoma. The median PFS was 21.5 months. The estimated OS rates at 12, 24 and 60 months were 100.0%, 94.4% and 94.4%, respectively. Major complications occurred in five of 27 sessions (18.5%). CONCLUSIONS: MWA preliminarily demonstrates a high technical success rate, notable local tumor control, promising overall survival and acceptable safety for pulmonary osteosarcoma oligometastases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Optimizing eco-engineering pedogenesis of bauxite residues: Synergistic effects of humus and FeSO4/sulfur on microbial community and function.

Eco-engineered pedogenesis represents a promising approach for soil amelioration of bauxite residues (BRs) through exogenous organic matter. However, the role of humus in mediating this process remains poorly understood, significantly impeding the eco-engineering rehabilitation of BRs. In this study, we conducted pot experiments and subsequent microbial analysis to evaluate the individual improvement of humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and corn straw (SWZ) on the BRs' pedogenesis. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that both FA and SWZ were more effective than HA in steering microbial community assembly, as community diversity, dominant taxa enrichment, and species' interaction were all significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the FA/SWZ treatments than in HA treatments. Notably, the combination of FA with FeSO4 specifically enriched halophilic taxa, while FA coupled with sulfur (S) significantly improved the connectivity and complexity of the microbial network, as the average connection degree increasing from 1.008 to 1.113. Hydrolytic enzyme activity assays further indicated that FA, especially when combined with S, was the most effective treatment in restoring microbial function during BR pedogenesis. These findings highlight FA as a critical driver of microbial restructuring and functional recovery in BRs. Moreover, its efficacy can be enhanced by co-amendment with FeSO4 or S. This study provides important theoretical and practical insights for optimizing organic-inorganic amendment strategies to accelerate the eco-engineering pedogenesis of bauxite residues.

Humic Substances↗

PubMed2025

Uncovering parental exposure risks of TCPP: Impaired development and metabolic homeostasis in zebrafish offspring.

As brominated flame retardants are phased out, tris (1‑chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), a phosphorus-based flame retardant, has emerged as a prominent detectable flame retardant in the environment. However, TCPP has been found to exhibit endocrine-disrupting effects on organisms, raising significant safety concerns. In our study, we utilized the zebrafish model to explore the toxic effects of parental TCPP exposure on offspring and uncover its regulatory mechanisms through metabolomics analysis. Moreover, the impact on the nervous system and lipid metabolism was examined through behavioral analysis and specific staining. Our findings demonstrated that both embryonic and parental TCPP exposure induced developmental disorders in larvae, along with decreased locomotor activity and disordered lipid metabolism homeostasis. Parental exposure to TCPP, exhibiting stronger developmental toxicity than direct embryonic exposure, notably led to reductions in crucial energy substrates such as amino acids and carbohydrates. Meanwhile, embryonic TCPP exposure primarily affected the endogenous lipid-related metabolites including phospholipids, lipid-soluble vitamins, steroids and fatty acids, promoting lipid accumulation in larval liver and subcutaneous tissue. What's more, continuously parental and embryonic exposure showed the most pronounced effects on zebrafish development and metabolic regulation. Our study highlights the risk posed by parental exposure to TCPP on offspring zebrafish, underscoring the need for comprehensive consideration of the impact from parental exposure in pollutants regulation.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Predictive value of anal sphincter electromyography for sacral neuromodulation test-phase outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an established therapy for refractory pelvic organ dysfunction. Anal sphincter electromyography (EMG) is commonly used preoperatively to assess sacral and peripheral nerve integrity. However, the prognostic significance of chronic neurogenic EMG changes for SNM outcomes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether chronic neurogenic changes on preoperative anal sphincter EMG predict the outcome of the SNM test phase. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 62 consecutive patients with bladder and/or bowel dysfunction or pelvic pain who were candidates for SNM treatment and who underwent preoperative anal sphincter EMG. EMG findings were classified as normal or showing chronic neurogenic changes. SNM test-phase success was defined as a ≥50% improvement of symptoms at 24 days. Outcomes were compared between EMG groups. RESULTS: Of the 62 patients (49 women, 13 men), 30 (48%) had normal EMG findings and 32 (52%) showed chronic neurogenic changes. Overall, the SNM test phase was successful in 47 patients (76%). Success rates were similar in patients with normal EMG (72%) and neurogenic EMG changes (79%), with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.878). Sex-stratified analyses revealed no significant association between EMG findings and test-phase success in women or men. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic neurogenic changes on anal sphincter EMG do not predict SNM test-phase outcomes. These findings suggest that abnormal sphincter EMG results should not be used as a standalone criterion to exclude patients from SNM therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Signs of neurogenic damage on anal sphincter EMG are not an indicator of reduced neuromodulatory capacity or diminished clinical response to SNM.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Diagnostic accuracy of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid-based testing for pulmonary cryptococcosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary cryptococcosis(PC) presents diagnostic challenges because of its non-specific clinical and radiological manifestations. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)-based testing, which includes latex agglutination (LA) and lateral flow assay (LFA), offers a minimally invasive diagnostic method, yet its pooled diagnostic accuracy remains unclear. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus from inception to May 2026. Studies evaluating BALF-based testing for PC with extractable 2 × 2 data were included. The methodological quality of relevant studies was assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were estimated using a bivariate random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed by testing method and reference standard type. Heterogeneity was evaluated through paired forest plots, HSROC visualization, and exploratory bivariate meta-regression. RESULTS: The pooled sensitivity was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81-0.91), and the specificity was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.982 - 0.995). The pooled positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 88.00 (95% CI: 47.39 - 163.42), the negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.13 (95% CI: 0.09 -0.20), and the DOR was 658.50 (95% CI: 285.36-1519.55). No significant threshold effect or publication bias was detected. Exploratory meta-regression suggested a possible assay-method effect in the joint model (P = 0.03), mainly driven by specificity (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates the high accuracy of CrAg in BALF for the diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis, supporting its role as an important adjunctive diagnostic tool, particularly when tissue biopsy is not feasible or rapid results are needed. Larger prospective studies with standardized protocols are needed to validate these estimates.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Impact of oliceridine versus sufentanil on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing thyroid surgery: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication following thyroid surgery, often exacerbated by opioid use. Oliceridine, a novel G protein-biased μ-opioid receptor agonist, may reduce opioid-related adverse events. This study aimed to compare the impact of oliceridine versus sufentanil on the incidence and severity of PONV in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled trial conducted between May 2025 and February 2026, 232 patients scheduled for thyroid surgery were randomly assigned to receive either oliceridine or sufentanil for intraoperative analgesia. The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV during the first 48 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included PONV severity, need for rescue anti-emetics, postoperative pain scores, recovery quality, and other adverse events. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV within 48 h postoperatively was significantly lower in the oliceridine group [13/107 (12%)] compared with the sufentanil group [31/110 (28%)] (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17-0.72, p = 0.006). Postoperative pain scores, rescue analgesia requirements, and Quality of Recovery-15 scores were comparable between the two groups (p > 0.05). Besides, exploratory unadjusted analyses revealed fewer rescue anti-emetics: O group 8/107 (8%) vs S group 25/110 (23%) (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.12-0.64, p = 0.002); and less abdominal distension: O group 4/107 (4%) vs S group 19/110 (17%) (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06-0.57, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: For young ASA I-II patients undergoing thyroid surgery, oliceridine yields adequate postoperative analgesia and lower PONV rates versus sufentanil. Additional trials involving high-intensity surgical procedures are needed to confirm consistent equivalence.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Affective reactivity to a remote computer-based Trier Social Stress Test during a planned quit attempt: associations with short-term cigarette smoking lapse risk.

BACKGROUND: The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) elicits affective responses and has been linked to smoking behavior. However, its remote use during a planned quit attempt-when stress reactivity may influence early lapse-remains understudied. OBJECTIVE: To quantify affective reactivity to a remotely administered TSST on a planned quit date following overnight abstinence and evaluate associations with cigarette use and lapse within 48 h. METHODS: This secondary analysis used data from a randomized controlled trial of adult smokers completing a remotely administered TSST following overnight nicotine abstinence. Urge, anxiety, and stress were assessed using visual analog scales and summarized using area under the curve (AUC) metrics. Smoking outcomes included cigarette count and lapse within 48 h. Associations were estimated using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: In adjusted models, anxiety reactivity-but not urge or stress-was associated with cigarette count and lapse. Greater anxiety exposure (AUCtot) and change above baseline (AUCab) were associated with higher cigarette count (IRR=1.0004, 95%CI:1.0002-1.001, p=.002; IRR=1.01, 95%CI: 1.002-1.01, p=.002) and increased odds of lapse (OR=1.001, 95%CI: 1.0001-1.002, p=.03; OR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.001-1.03, p=.03). Effect sizes were small. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety reactivity under nicotine deprivation was associated with increased cigarette use and lapse 48 h post quit attempt, suggesting individual differences in stress-evoked anxiety may serve as a behavioral marker for early lapse. Remote TSST administration appears feasible for eliciting affective responses on a quit date.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Desert-derived Ensifer sp. SA403 enhances potato salt tolerance by reshaping rhizosphere microbiome functions and host responses.

Soil salinization increasingly threatens global food security, and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), a moderately salt-sensitive crop, is particularly vulnerable to saline soils. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer a promising strategy to improve crop performance, yet how PGPR interact with native microorganisms to enhance potato salt tolerance remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a desert-derived PGPR strain, Ensifer sp. SA403, which substantially enhanced potato performance under high salinity across sterile, non-sterile and field conditions. Physiologically, inoculation with SA403 reduced shoot Na⁺ accumulation and increased the K⁺/Na⁺ ratio; notably, these effects were markedly stronger in non-sterile substrates than under sterile conditions, indicating that SA403-mediated ion homeostasis relies on cooperation with the resident microbiota rather than on the strain acting alone. Metagenomic profiling indicated that SA403 strain reshaped rhizosphere communities, significantly enriching beneficial taxa such as Priestia and Bradyrhizobium, and upregulated functional pathways involved in glutathione and sulfur metabolism. Furthermore, host transcriptomic analyses showed that SA403 modulated plant responses to salt stress, with differentially expressed genes enriched in jasmonic acid signaling, ethanolamine metabolism and amino-acid biosynthesis pathways. Field trials on saline soils confirmed that SA403 significantly increased seedling emergence and tuber weight. Together, our results demonstrate that SA403 functions as a biological mediator that optimizes rhizosphere microecology and coordinates ion balance and host signaling to enhance potato salt tolerance. These findings support the potential of SA403 as a robust PGPR-based tool for sustainable potato production on saline soils.

Rhizosphere↗

PubMed2026

Enhancement of secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation by ammonia.

Ammonia (NH3) can participate in atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation by reacting with organic acids and carbonyl compounds in particle phase, but its influence on the gas phase chemistry remains unclear. This study performed a series of smog chamber experiments to investigate the influence of NH3 on the formation of SOA from isoprene photooxidation by OH radicals. Both gas and particle phase products were measured with a series of state-of- art instruments including a nitrate ion chemical ionization mass spectrometer (nitrate-CIMS) and high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS). Our results showed that in the presence of NH3 SOA in the chamber significantly increased, along with an enhanced oxidation of isoprene. CIMS analysis further showed that NH3 in the chamber homogeneously reacts not only with gas-phase organic acids but also with gaseous low volatility oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) to generate extremely low volatility and ultralow volatility NH3-OOMs clusters. Quantum chemical calculation showed that NH3 can spontaneously interact with OOMs to form NH3-OOMs clusters by forming hydrogen bonds with RCOOH, R-OOH, and R-OH. These clusters can promote new particles formation and particle growth through nucleation and condensation, directly enhancing the isoprene SOA production with a contribution of 78% to the enhanced SOA. Moreover, the formation of NH3-OOMs clusters also results in more isoprene consumed by OH radicals, indirectly increasing the SOA production with a contribution of 22 % to the enhanced SOA. Our work for the first time clarified a synergetic effect of NH3 on isoprene SOA formation, which should be accounted for by models.

Aerosols↗

PubMed2026

The gut microbiota-obesity axis in the pathogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) remains a major global health concern, accounting for 11.7% of all cancer cases and ranking as the second leading cause of female cancer-related deaths worldwide. Increasing evidence highlights the interplay between gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction in BC progression. This review aims to elucidate the role of GM in obese patients with BC. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases for publications from July 2015 to January 2025. Search terms combined BC, GM, obesity, dysbiosis, immunity, and microbiome. Article selection prioritized studies investigating microbial alterations in BC patients, mechanistic links between obesity and cancer progression, and GM-targeted interventions. Both original studies and authoritative reviews were included, supplemented by manual reference screening. DISCUSSION: Obesity may trigger systemic inflammation, altered adipokine secretion, and disrupted steroid hormone metabolism via gut-derived β-glucuronidase activity, thereby exacerbating BC occurrence and recurrence. GM dysbiosis-driven metabolites such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can activate oncogenic signaling pathways and immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), fostering tumor immune evasion. Conversely, dietary interventions, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can alleviate dysbiosis, strengthen gut barriers, and restore anti-tumor immunity, improving chemotherapy response and reducing recurrence. However, challenges persist in deciphering BC subtype-related microbial signatures and optimizing microbiota-targeted therapies. CONCLUSION: Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causal relationships, validate microbial biomarkers, and translate preclinical findings into clinical applications. Addressing the gut-breast axis may offer transformative potential for precision oncology in obesity-driven BC.

Humans↗