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Glycerophospholipid remodeling under osmotic stress in grass carp gills.

Yuexuan Wang·Xiufeng Fang·Yanlin Liu·Dekun Tang·Renjie Yu·Lifang Cao·Ruixian Huo·Qiwei Qin·Shina Wei
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Abstract

Salinity fluctuations represent a pervasive environmental challenge for freshwater fishes, yet the cellular and metabolic programs governing early osmoregulatory responses remain understudied. Here, we investigated the time-dependent gill responses of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) subjected to an acute, sublethal salinity increase 9 parts per thousand (ppt). Histological and biochemical analyses revealed progressive gill lesions accompanied by elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and lipid peroxidation, indicating rapid tissue injury under osmotic stress. Integrative metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling uncovered pronounced temporal reprogramming, consistently highlighting glycerophospholipid metabolism as a central axis of response. In particular, phosphatidylcholine (PC) species exhibited dynamic remodeling, coupled with transcriptional enrichment of lipid turnover, membrane transport, and innate immune pathways. Network-based integration identified a PC-centered remodeling module characterized by accelerated PC headgroup turnover, disruption of the PLA2-LPCAT2 lyso-PC reacylation cycle, and enhanced ABC transporter-associated lipid and sterol export, reflected by cholesteryl sulfate accumulation and a shifted n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived oxylipin signature. Functional assays further demonstrated that PC and linoleic acid (LA) supplementation improved cell viability and alleviated oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signaling in grass carp cells under salinity challenge. Collectively, these findings reveal phospholipid-centered membrane remodeling as an early, integrative mechanism linking osmotic stress to gill injury and immune activation in freshwater fish, providing insights into potential strategies of environmental stress adaptation.

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AnimalsGillsOsmotic PressureGlycerophospholipidsCarpsFreshwater fishMulti-omics integrationOsmotic stressPhospholipid remodelingJournal Article

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Yuexuan Wang, Xiufeng Fang, Yanlin Liu, Dekun Tang, Renjie Yu, Lifang Cao, Ruixian Huo, Qiwei Qin, Shina Wei. 2026-07-30. Glycerophospholipid remodeling under osmotic stress in grass carp gills.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101959

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Journal Article resourceAnimals subjectCarps subjectFreshwater fish subjectGills subjectGlycerophospholipids subjectJournal Article subjectMulti-omics integration subjectOsmotic Pressure subjectOsmotic stress subject

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