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PubMed2026

Misalignment between ultra-processed status and 'better for you' claims on premix alcohol products.

BACKGROUND: Premix alcohol products (also known as ready-to-drink beverages) are a rapidly expanding alcohol category and frequently marketed using 'better for you' claims (e.g., 'Low sugar', 'Natural'). Little is known about the extent to which these products are ultra-processed or whether marketing claims align with ultra-processed status. This study aimed to address this evidence gap by auditing ingredient disclosure on premix products, assessing the ultra-processed status of these products, and determining the prevalence of 'better for you' claims with a particular focus on claims relating to ultra-processed status. METHODS: 534 premix alcohol products sold in major Australian retail outlets were assessed. Products were evaluated for compliance with mandatory ingredient disclosure, classified according to ultra-processed status based on the presence of indicators of ultra-processing (additives and other industrial ingredients), and analysed to determine the prevalence and types of 'better for you' marketing claims. RESULTS: Only 79% of assessed products displayed an ingredients list. Among compliant products, 98% contained at least one additive or ingredient indicative of ultra-processing, most commonly flavours, carbonating agents, colours, and sweeteners. One-third (33%) of products containing an ultra-processing indicator displayed a claim suggesting naturalness or minimal processing. Substantially higher proportions of ultra-processed products than non-ultra-processed products carried health-related claims. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Premix beverages available in Australia are overwhelmingly ultra-processed, yet many are marketed in ways that may mislead consumers about their composition and healthfulness. Stronger regulatory oversight of ingredient disclosure and marketing claims in this sector is urgently needed to support informed consumer decision-making.

Alcoholic Beverages↗

PubMed2026

Effectiveness of Topical Huzhang Sanhuang with Standard Nursing for Chemotherapy-Induced Phlebitis: Randomized Controlled Study.

Chemotherapy-induced phlebitis (CIP) is a common complication of peripheral intravenous chemotherapy that can cause pain, local inflammation, treatment interruption, and diminished quality of life. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the topical Huzhang Sanhuang (HZSH) formula, combined with standard nursing care, in managing CIP. Ninety-four hospitalized patients with CIP (grade I or higher) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either topical HZSH formula plus standard nursing care (experimental group, n = 47) or 50% magnesium sulfate wet dressing plus standard nursing care (control group, n = 47) for 14 days. Prespecified outcomes included phlebitis grade, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), symptom resolution time, and safety indicators. By Day 14, patients in the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in phlebitis severity than those in the control group (risk ratio for grade ≥ II, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.87; P = 0.012). The experimental group also showed significantly larger reductions in VAS pain scores, hs-CRP levels, and IL-6 concentrations (all P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis further demonstrated faster resolution of multiple local symptoms in the experimental group. Treatment adherence was high in both groups, and no serious adverse events or major safety concerns were observed. These findings indicate that the topical HZSH formula, combined with standard nursing care, is a safe and effective integrative nursing intervention that accelerates clinical recovery, alleviates local symptoms, and reduces the inflammatory burden in patients with chemotherapy-induced phlebitis.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic: an umbrella review.

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a toxic environmental pollutant linked to serious health risks, prompting global regulatory efforts. This study identifies major health conditions associated with iAs exposure using text network analysis, and assesses health risk assessments through an umbrella review and dose-response analysis. It synthesizes previous systematic reviews to offer a broader perspective on iAs-related health effects. An optimized text network analysis-based search strategy was applied across multiple databases to identify relevant systematic reviews. An umbrella review framework was employed to synthesize and reinterpret findings across systematic reviews. The methodological quality of included systematic reviews was assessed using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 tool. Extracted data on study characteristics, exposure levels, and risk estimates were analyzed to evaluate the dose-response relationship between iAs exposure and health outcomes. From 922 systematic reviews, 36 were included and categorized into 10 health condition groups. For example, seven SRs found a significant dose-response relationship between iAs and bladder cancer, with one systematic review reporting relative risks of 2.70, 4.20, and 5.80 at 10, 50, and 150 µg/L, respectively. Individual study analysis further showed that each 10 µg/L increase in iAs raised bladder cancer risk by 3.11 % (p=0.003). iAs exposure is associated with hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and adverse fetal outcomes. Dose-dependent increases in bladder cancer, lung cancer, and hypertension risks were observed. These findings support more precise health risk assessments and regulatory strategies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Randomised, Multicentre Clinical Trial Found That Hypertonic Saline Did Not Reduce the Length of Stay of Hospitalised Patients With Acute Bronchiolitis.

AIM: Bronchiolitis is a major cause of hospitalisation in young children, but the effectiveness of inhaled hypertonic saline remains unclear. We compared treating hospitalised infants with nebulised hypertonic saline or normal saline. METHOD: This multisite, double-blind RCT was conducted from 1 October 2023 to 1 April 2025 in four Polish paediatric units. Children from 5 weeks to 24 months, who had been hospitalised with mild-to-moderate bronchiolitis, were randomly assigned to receive nebulised 3% hypertonic saline or 0.9% normal saline until discharge. They were followed for 7 days. RESULTS: The study comprised 181 children (55% male) with a mean age of 8.3 ± 6.3 months: 90 were randomised to hypertonic saline and 91 to normal saline. The median hospital stay was 2.68 (1.92-4.03) days in the hypertonic saline group and 2.79 (1.8-3.96) days in the normal saline group. The mean difference was -0.11 days (95% confidence interval -0.73 to 0.12, p = 0.3). No differences were observed in clinical severity scores between the groups. Readmissions only occurred in the normal saline group (5.9%). CONCLUSION: Hypertonic saline inhalation did not reduce the length of hospital stay or improve clinical severity scores in hospitalised children with bronchiolitis, but it was associated with a lower risk of rehospitalisation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

"Abrazos, no Balazos": Intensity of Risk for Exposure to Violence and Armed Conflict Trajectories for Adolescents and Young Adults in México 2018-2024.

PURPOSE: "Abrazos, no balazos" (Hugs, not gunshots) is the approach to violence used by the Federal Mexican government from 2018 to 2024. This study identifies distinct conceptually useful latent class growth trajectories in the annual intensity of risk for exposure to events and fatalities from violence against civilians and battles for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in México from 2018 to 2024. METHODS: Data are from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data project. Latent class growth analyses were conducted with four longitudinal dependent variables assessed in seven sequential years (2018-2024). RESULTS: In most of the Mexican states, AYAs experienced low intensity-flat trajectories (p >.096) in the annual intensity of risk for exposure to events and fatalities from violence against civilians and battles. AYAs who lived in states with extremely, markedly, or moderately elevated 2018 intensities of risk for exposure to violence experienced decreasing trajectories (p =.000). One latent class with a mildly elevated-increasing trajectory (p =.000) in the annual intensity of risk for exposure to violence was identified for each of the four longitudinal dependent variables. DISCUSSION: During the time that the Federal Mexican government used the "Abrazos, no balazos" approach, AYAs in the majority of the states in México had intensity of risk for exposure to violence and armed conflict trajectories that were consistent with the goals of primary and secondary violence prevention. Violence prevention efforts should be augmented in states with unfavorable trajectories.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Gelified ethanol for percutaneous sclerotherapy of bone lesions: a systematic review of clinical applications and outcomes.

PURPOSE: To systematically review the available evidence on the feasibility, safety, and clinical effectiveness of percutaneous sclerotherapy using radiopaque gelified ethanol (RGE, Discogel®) for bone lesions. METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL was performed. Primary studies reporting clinical, technical, and safety outcomes following RGE sclerotherapy for bone lesions were included. Data on patient characteristics, lesion type, procedural details, and outcomes were extracted and synthesized descriptively. RESULTS: Six retrospective studies involving 55 patients (mean age 22.2 ± 20.4 years; range 3-65; 26 females) with 56 lesions and 119 procedures were included (mean 2.16 procedures per patient). Aneurysmal bone cysts (80%) and aggressive vertebral hemangiomas (18%) were the main indications. Technical success was reported in 100% of procedures. Pain outcomes were available for 28 patients, with complete resolution in 64.3% (18/28), partial reduction in 32.1% (9/28), and persistence in 3.6% (1/28). Radiological follow-up (50 lesions) demonstrated complete response in 96% and partial response in 4%. No major adverse events were reported according to CIRSE (≥ 4) or CTCAE (≥ 4) criteria. One SIR grade 3 vertebral fracture occurred without confirmed causal association to RGE. Subsequent surgery was required in 3.6% of lesions. CONCLUSION: Although limited to small retrospective series, current evidence suggests that RGE sclerotherapy is a safe and effective minimally invasive option for selected benign bone lesions. Prospective comparative studies with longer follow-up are warranted.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Fungal drivers of mycotoxin contamination in wheat: Early warning and plasma-based control.

Mycotoxin contamination in wheat is a major food safety concern; however, quantitative evidence linking fungal community signals, mycotoxin exceedance risk, and wheat quality traits in naturally contaminated wheat remains limited. In this study, wheat samples were collected from mycotoxin-prone monitoring sites under unusually rainy conditions in 2022 to explore early-warning indicators and post-harvest mitigation strategies. According to the National Food Safety Standard of China GB 2761-2017, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEN) exceeded the maximum limits in 52.24, 47.76, and 23.88% of samples, respectively; 38.81% exceeded the reference EU threshold for T-2 toxin, and 46.27% showed co-contamination with at least two mycotoxins above their respective thresholds. Although Alternaria, Cladosporium, and Epicoccum dominated the fungal community, Fusarium abundance was significantly associated with DON contamination and Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDKs). Mediation analysis identified DON as a significant mediator linking Fusarium abundance to FDKs, accounting for 68.41% of the total effect. In addition, Fusarium abundance above 3.70% showed strong predictive performance for DON exceedance, with an area under the curve of 0.906, indicating its potential as an early-warning indicator. Culture-based assays confirmed the toxigenic potential of Aspergillus and Fusarium isolates under simulated temperature and moisture conditions. After optimization using a toxin-spiked wheat flour model, dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma degraded AFB1, DON, and ZEN by 29.30-35.68%, disrupted the morphology of toxigenic fungi, and did not significantly affect wheat quality. This study provides practical insights into mycotoxin risk warning and post-harvest mitigation in wheat.

Triticum↗

PubMed2026

Frequency of Human Brucellosis Complications in West Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is a multi-systemic zoonotic infection. The West Asia/Middle East region is an important global hotspot for brucellosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to aggregate and synthesize all the available evidence regarding the complications of brucellosis in West Asia/Middle East region. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Proquest were searched. Selection of studies, data extraction, and the risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate. Data extraction was performed for 254 complications. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation. Where applicable small-study effects was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Separate by-country, by-age, and by-publication-decade subgroup analyses were performed if feasible. RESULTS: Out of 9518 results, 240 studies (260 references) were included. The majority of the included studies were conducted in Turkey (n = 177). The reported complications varied and different complication categorization systems were detected. The highest pooled estimate was observed for musculoskeletal involvement (50%, 95%CI: 39%-61%, I2 = 96.63%). The evidences is up-to-date until March 4, 2024. CONCLUSIONS: Some complications such as the complications of the eye were not reported in all the countries. Therefore, it's recommended to determine the relative frequency of those complications in regions without such reports. The pooled estimates of different complications of brucellosis were different. There's a need for the standardization of the reporting of the complications of brucellosis to achieve comparability between studies and across different regions.

Brucellosis↗

PubMed2026

Integrated multi-omics analyses identify an RAS-SLC11A2-associated molecular framework linking iron metabolism with PCOS-related cardiometabolic risk.

INTRODUCTION: PCOS is a common endocrine disorder with elevated cardiometabolic risk, yet the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-iron metabolism axis in this comorbidity remains unclear. We explored its underlying mechanisms and evaluated the therapeutic potential of gentiopicroside. METHODS: Integrated multi-omics analyses combining transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing, Mendelian randomization, machine learning, molecular docking, and in vitro functional assays were performed to identify shared molecular pathways and therapeutic targets across PCOS, hypertension, NAFLD, and T2DM. RESULTS: SLC11A2 was consistently dysregulated in PCOS transcriptomic datasets, and associated with iron metabolism, inflammatory response and oxidative stress pathways. Genetic analyses validated RAS-related regulation in hypertension susceptibility and revealed shared genetic architecture between PCOS and cardiometabolic traits. Network and single-cell analyses characterized SLC11A2-associated molecular patterns in disease-relevant cell types; machine learning identified disease-classifying molecular signatures. Gentiopicroside alleviated inflammatory and oxidative stress phenotypes, including reduced IL-6 expression and reactive oxygen species accumulation. CONCLUSION: This study defines an RAS-SLC11A2 molecular framework linking iron metabolism dysregulation to PCOS-related cardiometabolic risk, elucidating the mechanisms connecting ovarian dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress and hypertension, and supports gentiopicroside as a promising therapeutic candidate.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The gut microbiota-obesity axis in the pathogenesis and prognosis of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) remains a major global health concern, accounting for 11.7% of all cancer cases and ranking as the second leading cause of female cancer-related deaths worldwide. Increasing evidence highlights the interplay between gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction in BC progression. This review aims to elucidate the role of GM in obese patients with BC. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases for publications from July 2015 to January 2025. Search terms combined BC, GM, obesity, dysbiosis, immunity, and microbiome. Article selection prioritized studies investigating microbial alterations in BC patients, mechanistic links between obesity and cancer progression, and GM-targeted interventions. Both original studies and authoritative reviews were included, supplemented by manual reference screening. DISCUSSION: Obesity may trigger systemic inflammation, altered adipokine secretion, and disrupted steroid hormone metabolism via gut-derived β-glucuronidase activity, thereby exacerbating BC occurrence and recurrence. GM dysbiosis-driven metabolites such as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can activate oncogenic signaling pathways and immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), fostering tumor immune evasion. Conversely, dietary interventions, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can alleviate dysbiosis, strengthen gut barriers, and restore anti-tumor immunity, improving chemotherapy response and reducing recurrence. However, challenges persist in deciphering BC subtype-related microbial signatures and optimizing microbiota-targeted therapies. CONCLUSION: Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causal relationships, validate microbial biomarkers, and translate preclinical findings into clinical applications. Addressing the gut-breast axis may offer transformative potential for precision oncology in obesity-driven BC.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

CNNM2 in schizophrenia: multilevel evidence of genetic susceptibility, magnesium homeostasis, neurodevelopment and cognitive dysfunction.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common psychiatric disorder with a complex, genetically and environmentally influenced etiology, but the specific pathogenesis remains unclear. In recent years, the SCZ susceptibility gene CNNM2 (encoding cyclin M2) located at the 10q24.32-33 locus has received widespread attention. The well-validated SCZ risk interval 10q24.32-33 harbors two independent risk variants: rs11191580 in NT5C2 (significantly associated with CNNM2 mRNA and protein levels) and rs7914558 in CNNM2. Results from functional genomic analyses indicate that lower CNNM2 expression is significantly associated with SCZ. Imaging genetics studies have demonstrated that carriers of risk alleles of CNNM2 SNPs exhibit alterations in brain structure. Animal model studies have revealed that Cnnm2 downregulation in mice leads to impairments in sensorimotor gating and cognitive function. As an Mg2+ transporter, CNNM2 primarily maintains systemic Mg2+ homeostasis. According to clinical studies, a proportion of patients with SCZ exhibit reduced Mg2+ concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. CNNM2 dysfunction may contribute to the pathology of SCZ by disrupting Mg2+ homeostasis, thereby affecting neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity. A systematic consolidation of current evidence supporting the involvement of CNNM2 in SCZ pathogenesis provides a direction for further investigation of the pathological mechanisms underlying this disease, and for identification of novel targets for clinical intervention..

Schizophrenia↗

PubMed2026

Development of a cell-based nanoluciferase reporter system for high-throughput screening of HBV cccDNA inhibitors.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence is sustained by the viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) minichromosome, which remains a major barrier to curative antiviral therapies. The lack of reliable quantitative cccDNA detection methods and surrogate markers has hindered efforts to target cccDNA in antiviral high-throughput screening (HTS). Here, we established a novel inducible cccDNA-dependent nanoluciferase (NLuc) reporter cell line, designated HepBLE12, by inserting an in-frame 11-amino acid split-NLuc HiBiT tag into the precore (pC) coding region of an HBV transgene. The resulting 1.3-kDa HiBiT tag on pC serves as the detection module of the split NLuc system, generating quantitative luminescence upon high-affinity complementation with the cognate 18-kDa LgBiT subunit in cell lysates. Notably, the HiBiT assay enables direct detection of intracellular HiBiT-pC protein rather than secreted HBeAg, providing a reporter signal more closely linked to cccDNA activity. HepBLE12 cells exhibited inducible and robust viral DNA replication, and the cccDNA-dependent HiBiT signal was validated under diverse experimental conditions that modulate cccDNA formation or transcription. We further miniaturized the assay to a 384-well format and optimized key parameters following standard HTS assay development practices. The assay was successfully automated and demonstrated excellent performance in a multi-day variability study and a pilot screen, with signal-to-background (S/B) ≈ 9, coefficient of variance (CV) < 10%, and average Z-factor value of 0.74, exceeding canonical HTS quality benchmarks. Together, the HepBLE12 cell-based HTS platform provides a robust and practical tool for identifying inhibitors targeting HBV cccDNA.

Hepatitis B virus↗

PubMed2026

Understanding Suicide through Coroners' Narratives: implications for primary care from a mixed‑methods study of 157 Coroners' reports.

Suicide is a major public health concern, and general practice is often a recent point of contact before death. While mental illness is well recognised, the broader social and contextual factors influencing suicide risk remain under-reported in primary care and epidemiological research Aim To describe the demographic, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics of individuals who died by suicide, integrating coronial quantitative data with qualitative narrative accounts to identify implications for primary/ secondary care and public health. Design and setting Explanatory sequential mixed‑methods study of 157 consecutive deaths by suicide recorded by coroners (2018-19) across five English local authorities. Method Demographic, clinical, and social data were extracted from coroners' records and summarised descriptively. Narrative case summaries were coded and analysed thematically to identify contextual, relational, and service factors preceding death. Results Of 157 individuals: 79% were male; 65% lived in the most deprived IMD quintile; 85% had a diagnosed mental health condition; 62% had a long‑term physical illness; 41% had a previous suicide attempt. About half consulted a GP in the preceding three months; mental health featured in about half of those consultations. Common stressors were relationship breakdown (37.2%), housing instability (22.1%), and work pressures (18.2%). Seven interlinked themes were identified: Mental health; Alcohol/Substance use, Physical health; Social connectedness; Life course trauma, Socioeconomic and Structural Vulnerability; Healthcare access. Service transitions were key vulnerability points Conclusion Coroners' records offer important insights into the complex circumstances preceding suicide and highlight opportunities for GPs to recognise intersectional complexity and support integrated, cross-sector suicide prevention approaches.

General Practice↗

PubMed2026

The Moral of the Story-Perception of Leadership With Moral Distress in Registered Nurses: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

AIM: To understand how Registered Nurses perceive the impact of nursing leadership on managing moral distress and mitigating burnout. BACKGROUND: Moral distress and burnout are pervasive issues in nursing, compromising well-being, patient safety and workforce sustainability. Leadership is a critical factor in shaping workplace culture and mitigating these challenges, yet evidence remains limited. DESIGN: Qualitative systematic review. METHODS: A qualitative systematic review was conducted following JBI methodology and PRISMA guidelines. Comprehensive searches across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus identified 5927 articles, with two studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were appraised using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist and synthesised via meta-aggregation. Confidence in findings was assessed using the ConQual approach. RESULTS: Four major themes emerged: (1) Behind the barriers, (2) Breaking point, (3) Weathering the storm and (4) Leadership for lasting change. Leadership influenced nurses' psychological safety, ethical decision-making and resilience. Inadequate support amplified moral distress, and effective strategies included authentic communication, team solidarity and systemic interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Leadership plays a pivotal role in mitigating moral distress and burnout. Evidence highlights the need for structural changes and support to sustain registered nurses' well-being and retention. RELATIVE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Findings offer direction for leadership strategies that promote ethical workplaces, shared decision-making and mental health supports to enhance resilience and patient care. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Strengthening leadership capability is vital for workforce sustainability, care quality and nurse retention. REPORTING METHOD: Authors have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study did not involve patients or the public in its design, conduct or reporting.

Leadership↗

PubMed2026

Pharmacogenomics of antipsychotic-induced weight gain: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) is a major clinical concern, affecting approximately 30% of patients. Clinical predictors explain only part of AIWG risk. Genetic and molecular variations are hypothesized to contribute to susceptibility. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent results to identify replicated and novel findings. STUDY DESIGN: Applying PRISMA guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO (May 2018-May 2026) for studies on genetic and molecular associations with AIWG, extending our prior review. Reviews, editorials, and conference abstracts were excluded. We extracted study characteristics (design, diagnosis, antipsychotic exposure, sample size, ancestry, genetic variants, and AIWG outcomes) (e.g., ≥7% weight gain, BMI change). RESULTS: Fifty-three studies met inclusion criteria. In candidate gene studies, the most consistently replicated genes associated with AIWG were observed for DRD2, HTR2C, and MC4R. Multiple novel associations were identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (e.g., MAP2K1, ZDBF2, PEPD), polygenic risk scores (PRS) (e.g., body mass index PRS), gene expression (e.g., CYP3A4, EP300), and epigenetic analyses (e.g., cg12034943 at CRTC1). CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms in candidate genes related to neurotransmission and appetite regulation continue to be investigated for associations with AIWG, while novel findings have emerged from GWAS, gene expression, and epigenetic studies. Evidence remains inconsistent due to limited replication, methodological variability, sparse ancestry data, and geographical underrepresentation. No single genetic variant is ready for clinical use, and multi-omic and multi-ancestry models are needed to improve prediction and clinical utility.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Utero-placental calcium and magnesium ion channels: A systematic review of obstetric implications of their alterations.

Despite the established roles of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) in placental function and uterine contractility, limited information exists on how dysregulation of major ion channels contributes to poor pregnancy outcomes. We synthesized data on the consequences of Ca2+ and Mg2+ channelopathies in uterine and placental functions. Using PubMed, Wiley Online, AJOL, and Web of Science databases for article search, a systematic review of forty-nine papers published between 2000 and March 2026 was carried out and reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guideline. Based on the PICO framework, eligible studies involving human, animal, and in vitro designs were chosen and subjected to narrative analysis. L-type and T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, together with transient receptor potential channels, emerged as principal mediators of placental Ca2+ transport and myometrial contractility. Mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels mediate stretch-activated Ca2+ influx, while store-operated Ca2+ entry pathways involving STIM1-Orai1 sustain intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Potassium-Ca2+ coupling channels modulated membrane hyperpolarization and anti-labor effects, and intracellular regulators such as PMCA and RYR1 fine-tuned Ca2+ homeostasis. The Mg2+ transporters are essential for preserving Mg2+ homeostasis and regulating Ca2+-dependent excitability. Dysregulation of these ion channel systems was consistently linked to abnormal uterine contractility, preterm birth, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Both Ca2+ and Mg2+ ion channelopathies represent both a potential therapeutic target and a mechanistic factor underlying key obstetric complications.

Female↗

PubMed2026

Multi-omics insights into the physiological mechanisms of bile acid accumulation in the gallbladder in brumation-like snakes.

Hibernation/brumation represents an important physiological adaptation for animals to cope with seasonal environmental changes. Field observations suggested increased gallbladder weight in the Five-pacer viper (Deinagkistrodon acutus) during brumation, and our quantitative measurements confirmed this increase together with bile acid accumulation. By integrating a multi-omic approach, this study elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of bile acid accumulation in the gallbladder during brumation. Results showed that taurocholic acid (TCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) were the major components in the gallbladder of the brumation-like group, with significantly elevated concentrations of bile acids, whereas bile acid concentrations in serum and intestinal contents were markedly reduced, indicating suppression of the enterohepatic circulation and consequent accumulation of bile acids in the gallbladder. Hepatic transcriptomic analysis revealed significant downregulation of bile acid synthesis and regulatory genes in brumation-like snakes. In contrast, the alternative synthesis pathway gene sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and some transporter genes were slightly upregulated. Further, some modification genes and regulatory genes showed no significant differences between active and brumation-like states. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis, and Citrobacter freundii were more enriched in the active group, which were common microbes related to bile acid metabolism, and the correlation analysis confirmed this relationship. Taken together, these findings indicate that the "physiological bile acid accumulation" observed in snakes during brumation-like state is jointly driven by suppressed hepatic synthesis, reduced enterohepatic circulation, and remodeled microbial community structure. The study provides novel comparative physiological insights into extreme metabolic homeostasis in animals.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

A complete hlyCABD-like RTX operon marks a virulence-associated subset of trh-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Hangzhou Bay, China.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus remains a major cause of seafood-associated gastroenteritis, yet routine surveillance still relies largely on the canonical hemolysin markers thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh). To determine whether this framework overlooks accessory virulence determinants in trh-positive lineages, we analyzed 193 V. parahaemolyticus isolates collected between 2022 and 2025 from clinical, environmental, and seafood-associated sources in the Hangzhou Bay region of China. Serotyping identified 45 serotypes, with O10:K4 predominating among clinical isolates. Both clinical and non-clinical populations showed open pan-genomes, although the non-clinical group carried a larger accessory gene pool. We identified a complete hlyCABD-like RTX operon in 10 trh-positive isolates with T3SS2-associated virulence backgrounds. These RTX-positive isolates were distributed across seven sequence types and three of five phylogenetic groups. This distribution was lineage-restricted but non-clonal. In the representative hybrid-assembled genome, the operon occurred within a mosaic genomic region containing additional virulence- and mobility-associated genes, indicating a composite pathogenicity island-like element. In the tested subset, RTX-positive isolates showed significantly greater hemolytic activity than RTX-negative trh-positive isolates. This significant difference was consistently observed in both plate-based and liquid assays, and within the RTX-positive subset, hlyA expression correlated with hemolytic activity, whereas the trh gene and the tlh (thermolabile hemolysin) gene did not. A complete hlyCABD-like RTX operon therefore identifies a hemolysis-associated subset of trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus and supports its further evaluation as an additional target for food safety surveillance.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus↗