SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “East Asian monsoon”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

82 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2026

Responding to a protracted tuberculosis outbreak: lessons from multiple rounds of investigation in a Chinese boarding school.

PURPOSE: This study analysed a multi-semester pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cluster outbreak in a Chinese boarding school to provide evidence for future epidemic control. METHODS: Contacts were screened via symptoms, infection tests and chest radiography. Screening expanded progressively from close contacts to same-floor contacts, then all students and staff. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and bioinformatics analysis was used for lineage classification, transmission clustering (≤12 SNPs defining a cluster) and drug resistance prediction. RESULTS: From 2020 to 2022, 20 students were diagnosed with PTB, half laboratory-confirmed. Most cases clustered in class 16 and were epidemiologically linked to the primary case (case 0), who had household PTB exposure. Case 0 and case 1 had diagnostic delays exceeding 3 and 6 months, respectively. WGS of five isolates (case 1, 3, 4, 9 and 10) collected over three semesters showed all belonged to lineage 2 and differed by ≤12 SNPs, confirming the same transmission chain. The infection rate in class 16 (46.34%) was significantly higher than other case classes (19.05%) and classes without cases (8.27%) (χ2 = 61.169, p < 0.001). No new cases were detected during a one-year follow-up of students involved in the outbreak after the final round of screening, nor among household contacts of all cases followed up to the present. CONCLUSIONS: Lack of entry health examinations facilitated the outbreak. Delayed diagnosis, incomplete contact screening and absence of preventive treatment led to cross-semester persistence. The infection rate disparity confirms class 16 as the outbreak epicentre. Improving community case management, extending contact follow-up and enhancing cluster outbreak measures are recommended to prevent future outbreaks.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Durability and Safety of Imeglimin as an Add-On to DPP-4 Inhibitors in Japanese Type 2 Diabetes: The 104-Week FAMILIAR Trial.

AIMS: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of imeglimin added to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, focusing on glycemic durability and safety in elderly patients over 104 weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial comprised a 24-week double-blind phase (imeglimin 1000 mg or placebo twice daily) followed by an 80-week open-label extension in which all patients received imeglimin. Eligible patients had inadequate glycemic control despite DPP-4 inhibitor monotherapy. The main assessment measured HbA1c changes from baseline to week 104. Secondary assessments included meal tolerance tests (MTT) for evaluating physiological changes in β-cell function and insulin resistance and safety monitoring. RESULTS: Of 117 randomized patients, 81 completed 104 weeks. In the early-start group that received imeglimin from week 0, the significant HbA1c reduction observed at week 24 (-0.65%) was maintained through week 104 (-0.55%; p < 0.001 vs. baseline). The delayed-start group that switched to imeglimin at week 24 achieved similar glycemic control thereafter. Elderly patients (≥ 65 years) in the early-start group maintained stable HbA1c reduction (-0.58%) without hypoglycemic events over 2 years. MTT analysis in the early-start group showed sustained improvements in glucose AUC and insulin sensitivity without unnecessary insulin secretion over time. CONCLUSIONS: Imeglimin added to DPP-4 inhibitors appeared to improve glycemic control for 104 weeks, without clear attenuation. The combination was well-tolerated with a low risk of hypoglycemia even in elderly patients. The long-term effect may be associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity. TRIAL REGISTRATION: jRCTs061210082.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Variants in the interferon regulatory factor 5 gene confer genetic risk for systemic lupus erythematosus in a Han Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), integral to interferon signaling pathways, has been identified as a susceptibility locus for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Nevertheless, the relationship between IRF5 variants and SLE risk within the Han Chinese demographic remains inadequately characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genotyping of two functional single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in IRF5 was conducted in 167 individuals with SLE and 246 healthy controls utilizing sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP). Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were employed to assess associations. RESULTS: The rs10954213 variant demonstrated a significant association with SLE susceptibility under the recessive model (GG vs. AG+AA, OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.30-3.75, p = 0.003, adjusted p [pc] = 0.030) and homozygous model (GG vs. AA, OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.36-4.42, p = 0.003, pc = 0.032). Similarly, the rs2004640 variant was associated with an increased risk of SLE across allelic (T vs. G, OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.22-2.26, p = 0.001, pc = 0.011), dominant (TG+TT vs. GG, OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.19-2.63, p = 0.005, pc = 0.047), and homozygous models (TT vs. GG, OR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.58-8.78, p = 0.002, pc = 0.016). Haplotype analysis identified protective haplotype HT1 (A/G, OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.41-0.73, p < 0.001) and risk haplotype HT4 (G/T, OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.42-4.42, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that IRF5 gene variants substantially modulate susceptibility to SLE in the Han Chinese population. They hold potential as biomarkers for evaluating SLE risk and offer valuable perspectives into disease pathogenesis.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

[Pathogenicity analysis and prenatal genetic counseling for five Chinese pedigrees harboring a hemizygous c.-32C>G variant of FGF13 gene].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathogenicity and prenatal counseling strategies for five Chinese pedigrees harboring a hemizygous c.-32C>G (NM_001139500.2) variant of fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13) gene. METHODS: Five Chinese pedigrees found to carry a hemizygous c.-32C>G variant of the FGF13 gene at the Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital between January 2024 and January 2025 were selected as study subjects. The pedigrees had undergone prenatal diagnosis for a family history of genetic disorders, abnormal fetal ultrasound findings, or advanced maternal age. A retrospective analysis was carried out, wherein clinical data for all members of the pedigrees were obtained through the medical records system and outpatient visit system. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all pedigree members, and amniotic fluid samples were obtained from the probands. Following extraction of genomic DNA, prenatal diagnosis was performed using chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and trio whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES). Sanger sequencing was used to determine the carrier status for the candidate variant, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess the cognitive function of hemizygous individuals carrying the FGF13 gene c.-32C>G variant. Pathogenicity of candidate variant was assessed based on guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the hospital (Ethics No.: 2021-171). RESULTS: CMA and trio-WES revealed no pathogenic variants in all probands, whilst trio-WES and Sanger sequencing had identified 11 male individuals carrying a hemizygous c.-32C>G variant of the FGF13 gene from the five pedigrees, which included six adult males, a young boy, and four fetuses. One fetus had undergone termination of pregnancy due to hydrocephalus, one was born pre-term at 34+1 weeks of gestation owing to maternal hypertension, and other two were delivered at full term. Follow-up of the survived males revealed no phenotypic manifestations related to language or intellectual impairment. Among these, three adult males underwent the MMSE assessment, all of whom showed normal cognitive function. Search of the gnomAD database suggested the carrier frequency of FGF13 c.-32C>G variant in the East Asian population to be 0.125%, with 11 hemizygous males documented. Three male patients harboring the variant showed severe intellectual disability. Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that it could reduce the translation levels of FGF13 protein. Based on the ACMG guidelines, it was classified as variant of uncertain significance (BS4+PS3_Supporting). CONCLUSION: There is insufficient evidence to classify the FGF13 c.-32C>G as a pathogenic variant in clinical practice, and its presence should not be considered an indication for pregnancy termination due to major birth defects.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of oral JMKX003002 in Chinese healthy participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending dose, and food-effect phase I clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharma-codynamics (PD) of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) inhibitor JMKX003002 in Chinese healthy participants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included a single-ascending dose (SAD) study with seven cohorts (1 mg [n = 4] and 5, 20, 50, 75, 100, or 125 mg [n = 8]), a food-effect (FE) study with six sequence groups (25 mg twice daily, n = 4), and a multiple-ascending dose (MAD) study with two cohorts (10 mg or 20 mg twice daily, n = 10). RESULTS: JMKX003002 was well-tolerated, with mostly mild treatment-related adverse events. One Grade 3 diarrhoea occurred in each of the 50 mg and 125 mg groups. No serious adverse events were reported, and no participants discontinued or withdrew due to treatment-emergent adverse events. Most plasma samples were below the limit of quantification (0.2 ng/mL), with only transient detection of low concentrations, indicating low systemic exposure. JMKX003002 was primarily excreted in stool (79.9% recovered) and was undetectable in urine. The PD results consistently showed decreased urinary sodium and phosphorus, along with increased stool sodium and phosphorus, compared to baseline across all three studies. One day after discontinuation, stool sodium and phosphorus remained elevated relative to baseline in the MAD study. Mixed-effects model analysis in the FE study demonstrated significant food effect on stool sodium and phosphorus excretion. CONCLUSION: JMKX003002 exhibited favorable safety and tolerability with minimal systemic exposure. It effectively increased sodium and phosphorus excretion in stool. These promising findings warrant further investigation of JMKX003002 to evaluate its clinical benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300070473). Registered on April 13, 2023; prospectively registered.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Variability and ozone formation potential of ambient non-methane hydrocarbons in a tropical semi-arid atmosphere of northwest India.

We present first-time measurements of twenty-six ambient non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs; C2-C8), including isoprene (C5H8), at a semi-arid site in northwest India (Ajmer; 26.45°N, 74.64°E), during January 2022-December 2023. Ambient samples were analyzed using a thermal desorption gas chromatography system equipped with dual flame ionization detectors. Daily total NMHC levels ranged from 6 ppbV to >100 ppbV. Most NMHCs, except isoprene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene and o-xylene, exhibited the highest levels in winter and the lowest in the monsoon. In contrast, others were highest in the pre-monsoon and toluene was highest during monsoon. These variations reflect the combined influence of emissions, chemistry and meteorology. Toluene and o-xylene were the dominant NMHCs (25 %-67 %). Correlation analyses indicated major contributions from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and vehicular emissions, with additional influence from urban and oil and natural gas activities. Compared with other Indian sites, NMHCs levels at Ajmer were 2-5 times lower than Ahmedabad and Udaipur and 10 times lower than Delhi. The total ozone formation potential was highest in the monsoon (about 175 ppbV) and lowest in the post-monsoon (about 55 ppbV), with dominance of o-xylene (24 %-33 %) and toluene (8 %-37 %). Propylene-equivalent concentrations were highest in the pre-monsoon (30.23 ppb C) and lowest in the post-monsoon (7.28 ppb C). Similarly, OH reactivity was highest in the pre-monsoon (19.58 s⁻¹) and lowest in the post-monsoon (4.71 s⁻¹), dominated by benzene and toluene. These findings emphasize the importance of NMHC chemistry in a climatically sensitive region and highlight the need for their continuous monitoring.

India↗

PubMed2026

Long-term safety of oral orforglipron in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes (ACHIEVE-J): a multicentre, randomised, open-label, parallel-group phase 3 trial.

BACKGROUND: Orforglipron, an oral GLP-1 receptor agonist, requires further evaluation in east Asian populations with type 2 diabetes, given this group's distinct pathophysiological characteristics. This study aimed to assess orforglipron as add-on treatment to diet and exercise alone or to oral antihyperglycaemic medications in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: This multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 3 study was conducted in 40 medical research centres and hospitals in Japan. Adults with type 2 diabetes and elevated glucose levels managing their condition with diet and exercise alone or with one or two oral antihyperglycaemic medications were assigned (1:1:1) via computer-generated random sequence to receive once-daily oral orforglipron (3 mg, 12 mg, or 36 mg). Randomisation was stratified by background therapy, baseline HbA1c (≤8·5% or >8·5%), and metformin use (yes vs no; applied only to α-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinedione, and glinides). Investigators, participants, and site staff were not masked to treatment. The primary endpoint was safety for 52 weeks, assessed in all randomly assigned participants who received at least one dose of orforglipron. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06010004 (ACHIEVE-J). FINDINGS: Between Sept 28, 2023, and June 5, 2025, 450 participants were screened and 401 were randomly assigned to three groups (3 mg, n=132; 12 mg, n=135; and 36 mg, n=134). 352 (88%) completed study treatment. 339 participants (85%, 95% CI 80·7-87·8) had at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE), more frequently in the 36-mg group (118 [88%, 95% CI 81·5-92·5]) than in the 3-mg (107 [81%, 73·5-86·8]) and 12-mg (114 [84%, 77·4-89·6]) groups. Most TEAEs were of mild (267 [67%, 61·8-71·0]) or moderate (63 [16%, 12·5-19·6]) severity. Discontinuations due to an adverse event occurred in 19 of 134 participants (14%, 95% CI 9·3-21·1) in the 36-mg group compared with seven of 132 (5%, 2·6-10·5) in the 3-mg group and 11 of 135 (8%, 4·6-14·0) in the 12-mg group. Across treatment groups, gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common TEAEs leading to study treatment discontinuation (3 mg: 5 [3·8%, 1·6-8·6]; 12 mg: 8 [5·9%, 3·0-11·3]; and 36 mg: 11 [8·2%, 4·7-14·1]). Level 2 (blood glucose <54 mg/dL) hypoglycaemia events occurred in three of 135 participants in the 12-mg group (2%, 0·8-6·3) and in three of 134 in the 36-mg group (2%, 0·8-6·4) groups. No level 3 (severe) hypoglycaemia events occurred. Outcomes were generally similar across background therapies. INTERPRETATION: Treatment with orforglipron in combination with diet and exercise alone or one or two oral antihyperglycaemic medications for 52 weeks demonstrated an acceptable safety profile in Japanese adults with type 2 diabetes. FUNDING: Eli Lilly. TRANSLATION: For the Japanese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 12): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3b trial.

BACKGROUND: Semaglutide 2·4 mg is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that reduces bodyweight, and provides other cardiometabolic benefits, among people with a BMI at least 30 kg/m2 or at least 27 kg/m2 and with weight-related comorbidities. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of semaglutide 2·4 mg in adults from mainland China and Taiwan with overweight or obesity according to locally defined, BMI thresholds. METHODS: This completed randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, two-armed, parallel-group, phase 3b trial (STEP 12) was conducted at 19 sites across mainland China and Taiwan. Adults with a BMI of 24-<28 kg/m2 and at least one weight-related comorbidity, or a BMI of 28-<30 kg/m2, with or without type 2 diabetes, were randomly assigned (2:1) to once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2·4 mg or placebo, plus lifestyle intervention, for 44 weeks. Randomisation was performed by the study sponsor using the Randomisation Trial Supplies Management System. Coprimary endpoints were percentage change in bodyweight and the proportion of participants achieving at least 5% bodyweight reduction. Safety was analysed descriptively in all participants who received the trial intervention. Missing data at week 44 were imputed with washout multiple imputation. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT06041217, and is completed. FINDINGS: Between Sept 15, 2023, and May 7, 2025, of 254 screened participants, 161 (66·5%) of 242 participants were randomly assigned to semaglutide 2·4 mg and 81 (33·5%) to placebo; 121 (50·0%) participants were female, and 47 (19·4%) participants had type 2 diabetes. Bodyweight reduction was greater with semaglutide versus placebo (-12·1% [SE 0·6] vs -2·2% [0·8]; estimated treatment difference -9·9 percentage points [95% CI -11·8 to -8·0]; p<0·0001), with a greater proportion of participants achieving at least 5% bodyweight reduction (80·5% vs 24·4%; odds ratio [OR] 14·8 [95% CI 7·4 to 29·6]; p<0·0001). Adverse events were reported in 141 (87·6%) of 161 participants in the semaglutide 2·4 mg group and 61 (75·3%) of 81 participants in the placebo group, with gastrointestinal disorders being the most common. INTERPRETATION: Semaglutide 2·4 mg provided a superior reduction in bodyweight versus placebo in Chinese adults with overweight or obesity. The safety profile was consistent with the known profile of semaglutide. FUNDING: Novo Nordisk A/S. TRANSLATION: For the Mandarin translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.

Adult↗

PubMed2025

Tracking microplastic contamination across seasons in a freshwater reservoir: Evidence from surface water, sediments, and fishes.

Microplastics (MPs) are prevalent contaminants in aquatic environments, posing substantial ecological and health risks. These particles migrate within the different layers of aquatic bodies with time and affect the respective biota. Thus, to get an in-depth understanding of the particles, this current study investigated the seasonal distribution, morphological and chemical characteristics, along with potential ecological and human health impacts in the samples including surface water, sediment, and fish from a drinking water supplying reservoir in eastern India. Across three different seasons, pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon samples were collected using optimized methods. Results revealed distinct seasonal trends: MP abundance in surface water peaked during the monsoon (mean: 1.15 MPs/L), while sediment showed the highest concentrations in the pre-monsoon (mean: 596 MPs/kg), indicating temporal accumulation dynamics influenced by runoff, hydrodynamics, and sedimentation. Fish gut analysis confirmed ingestion of MPs across five species, with concentrations ranging from 26 to 100 MPs/kg, depending on feeding habits. The most dominant MP type were fragments, followed by fibers, films, and beads. Polymer analysis via µFTIR identified polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride as prevalent, with hazard assessments (i.e., Polymer Hazard Index (PHI)) indicating medium to very high ecological risks. Heavy metal association was more dominant in the MPs isolated from sediments than the waterborne MPs. Pollution Load Index (PLI) values were > 1 in most seasons, confirming contamination. Health risk analysis suggested potential exposure through both drinking water and fish consumption. This study emphasizes the need for seasonal monitoring, improved waste management, and mitigation strategies to address MP pollution in freshwater ecosystems.

Microplastics↗

PubMed2026

The global prevalence of horizontal strabismus: A systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on ethnic variation.

The prevalence of the 2 types of horizontal strabismus, esotropia and exotropia, varies considerably between studies. This variability has been attributed to factors such as geography/environment, research methodology, age of study subjects, and/or ethnicity. Comprehensive estimates of regional and global prevalences of esotropia and exotropia are lacking, making it difficult to recognize true patterns, trends, and etiologies. We compile prevalences and ratios of esotropia to exotropia from 315 population-based studies and 374 clinic-based studies. We analyze data to assess effects of ethnicity, geography, age, and we identify generational changes of horizontal strabismus. Major ethnicities differ in patterns and ratios of esotropia and exotropia prevalence, not only in Caucasians and East Asians, but also Latinos/Hispanics, South Asians, Africans, and Native Americans. Compared to population-based studies, clinic-based studies underestimate exotropia frequency. By weighing prevalences according to the population size of ethnicities, we estimate the worldwide prevalence of horizontal strabismus in the current generation at 1.81% (138.5 million people), comprising 60.0 million people with esotropia (0.67%) and 87.5 million with exotropia (1.14%). In the previous generation, the worldwide prevalence of horizontal strabismus was 1.64% (86.5 million people), comprising 50.5 million with esotropia (0.96%) and 36.0 million with exotropia (0.68%). Esotropia and exotropia prevalences differ between generations within the same ethnicity, indicating that extrinsic factors can modify the underlying intrinsic (genetic) disposition.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Prevalence and cardiometabolic impact of mild autonomous cortisol secretion in primary aldosteronism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Many primary aldosteronism (PA) patients harbor concomitant mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), termed "Connshing syndrome." The prevalence and cardiometabolic impact of this co-secretion have not been quantitatively synthesized. To determine the pooled prevalence of MACS in PA and evaluate its association with cardiovascular (CV) events, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus through January 2026. Following PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD420261334965), studies reporting MACS prevalence [post-1 mg dexamethasone suppression test (DST) cortisol ≥1.8 μg/dl] in PA were included. Prevalence was pooled using random-effects models. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for cardiometabolic outcomes. Certainty was evaluated using GRADE. Fourteen studies (2356 patients) were included. Pooled MACS prevalence was 26.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 24.1-28.4; I2 = 24.2%; prediction interval: 21.6-31.4%], consistent across European (27.0%) and East Asian (25.2%) cohorts ( P = 0.62). MACS + PA patients had higher odds of CV events (OR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.07-2.38; P = 0.021) and T2DM (OR 1.37; 95% CI: 1.00-1.86; P = 0.048), but not obesity (OR 1.10; P = 0.411). Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness. GRADE certainty was moderate for prevalence and low for CV events. Approximately one in four PA patients has MACS, associated with a 60% higher CV event risk. These findings support routine DST screening in PA and have implications for perioperative management and cardiometabolic risk stratification.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Marine air promotes structural compaction and coating growth of soot aerosols after long-range transport from East Asia.

Soot aerosol, a key global warming contributor, undergoes morphological and chemical transformations during atmospheric transport, particularly in humidified marine environments. This study investigates morphology, mixing state, and aging mechanisms of soot particles collected in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. Transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that coated soot particles dominate the marine atmosphere, accounting for over 98 % of soot-containing particles, with a mean mixing state index (χ) of 0.83. The fractal dimension (Df) of soot particles is 1.84 ± 0.05 in the Northern Yellow Sea, 1.90 ± 0.08 in the Bohai Sea, and 1.96 ± 0.07 in the Southern Yellow Sea, indicating structural compaction during long-range transport. Correspondingly, the average Dp/Dcore ratios (particle to core size ratio) are 5.3 in the Bohai Sea, 4.2 in the Northern Yellow Sea, and 3.9 in the Southern Yellow Sea. Notably, those ratios are higher in marine environments compared to those observed during continental regional transport from northern to southern China (3.54), suggesting enhanced coating growth in humid marine air. The results highlight the important role of marine atmospheres in accelerating soot aging, which in turn leads to significantly stronger light absorption compared to soot in continental air. Our results highlight the necessity of incorporating compact morphologies, uniform mixing states, and thick coatings into optical models for accurate radiative forcing simulations.

Aerosols↗

PubMed2026

Cancer statistics for Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander people, 2026.

BACKGROUND: Cancer statistics for Asian American and Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) people are usually aggregated, masking substantial variation within this heterogeneous population. Herein, the American Cancer Society reports cancer incidence and survival for 8 Asian American and 3 NHPI ethnic groups. METHODS: The authors used population-based cancer registry data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, for Asian American and NHPI ethnic groups from 2000 through 2022. RESULTS: During 2018-2022, overall cancer incidence ranged from 218.3 per 100,000 Kampuchean people to 474.5 per 100,000 Native Hawaiian people, which was 1.5 times higher than the rate for the aggregated Asian American and NHPI population (307.3 per 100,000). High incidence among Native Hawaiian people is largely driven by the highest rates of female breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers, whereas infection-related cancers were highest among Asian American ethnic groups. For example, liver and stomach cancer incidence is highest among Vietnamese (22.2 per 100,000) and Korean people (17.8 per 100,000), respectively, both of which were nearly twice that in Native Hawaiian people (12.9 and 9.6 per 100,000, respectively). Native Hawaiian and Samoan women are twice and 3 times as likely, respectively, to be diagnosed with uterine corpus cancer as aggregated Asian American and NHPI women or White women. Five-year relative survival ranges from 42% in Laotians to 74% in Asian Indians/Pakistanis, with largest differences for colorectal (43% in Laotians to 72% in Asian Indians/Pakistanis) and prostate (63% in Kampucheans to 97% in Japanese) cancers. CONCLUSIONS: Wide variation in cancer risk within the Asian American and NHPI population highlights the critical need for disaggregated data to effectively target cancer prevention and control interventions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Frequency of Human Brucellosis Complications in West Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is a multi-systemic zoonotic infection. The West Asia/Middle East region is an important global hotspot for brucellosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to aggregate and synthesize all the available evidence regarding the complications of brucellosis in West Asia/Middle East region. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Proquest were searched. Selection of studies, data extraction, and the risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate. Data extraction was performed for 254 complications. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation. Where applicable small-study effects was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Separate by-country, by-age, and by-publication-decade subgroup analyses were performed if feasible. RESULTS: Out of 9518 results, 240 studies (260 references) were included. The majority of the included studies were conducted in Turkey (n = 177). The reported complications varied and different complication categorization systems were detected. The highest pooled estimate was observed for musculoskeletal involvement (50%, 95%CI: 39%-61%, I2 = 96.63%). The evidences is up-to-date until March 4, 2024. CONCLUSIONS: Some complications such as the complications of the eye were not reported in all the countries. Therefore, it's recommended to determine the relative frequency of those complications in regions without such reports. The pooled estimates of different complications of brucellosis were different. There's a need for the standardization of the reporting of the complications of brucellosis to achieve comparability between studies and across different regions.

Brucellosis↗

PubMed2026

Pervasive hybridization and introgression in Diervilleae (Caprifoliaceae).

Diervilleae (Caprifoliaceae) is a horticulturally important lineage with striking floral diversity and a long history of interspecific crossing, suggesting reticulate evolution. We integrated nuclear SNPs and whole plastome data to reconstruct a phylogenomic backbone for the tribe and to identify hybrids, cultivated accessions, and introgression among lineages. Nuclear and plastid phylogenies consistently recover Weigela and Diervilla as reciprocally monophyletic and resolve four major lineages within Weigela, providing a reproducible framework for revising sectional limits and species boundaries. Cultivated accessions form a well supported clade sister to W. florida and show predominantly W. florida ancestry while retaining contributions from multiple wild lineages, consistent with recurrent crossing, backcrossing, and selection. Analyses of wild populations reveal recurrent hybrids and enable plausible parental combinations to be inferred. Tests across the genome further indicate strong evidence for historical introgression across Diervilleae, with the strongest signals involving W. middendorffiana, W. maximowiczii, and Diervilla. Fossil evidence, divergence time estimation, and paleodistribution modelling together suggest range expansion during the Miocene and Pliocene followed by climate driven contraction, providing a spatiotemporal context for episodic contact, introgression, and the East Asia-North America disjunction.

Hybridization, Genetic↗

PubMed2026

Culturally adapted post-diagnostic dementia support for South Asian people living with dementia and caregivers: a rapid review.

BACKGROUND: The number of minority ethnic people living with dementia (PLWD) in the UK is predicted to rise to 50 000 by 2026 and 172 000 by 2051. As the global population ages, there is a greater need to develop culturally appropriate post-diagnostic support for PLWD from minority ethnic backgrounds. METHODS: A rapid review was conducted of culturally adapted post-diagnostic dementia support for South Asian people with dementia and carers. Eight electronic databases were searched from inception until 16 September 2025. Databases included Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica Database, MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Psychological Information, Turning Research Into Practice, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Social Policy and Practice and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Two reviewers independently screened the studies. Consistent with rapid review methods, no formal quality assessment of included studies was undertaken. The rapid review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included. These included seven carer support programmes focusing on raising awareness and education on dementia and care. These interventions increased carers' knowledge of dementia and confidence in caregiving. Four studies reported on psychosocial interventions: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Meditation Therapy, demonstrating benefits for caregiver burden and mental health. One study reported on service-level innovations through a South Asian link nurse, which improved access to services and facilitated the development of culturally appropriate information materials. CONCLUSION: The findings of this rapid review demonstrate the feasibility and perceived value of culturally sensitive psychoeducation, carer training and psychosocial interventions. However, research remains small-scale, methodologically limited, with little focus given to interventions directly supporting PLWD.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Integrated phytochemical and bioactivity profiling of Xanthium strumarium fruits from Korea and China: Implications for origin-specific quality specification.

BACKGROUND: Geographic origin influences the phytochemical composition and biological activities of medicinal plant resources. Xanthium strumarium L. (XS) fruit is widely used in East Asian traditional medicine. However, current pharmacopeial standards primarily recognize Chinese-derived material, despite the availability and traditional use of XS in Korea. To address this gap and support origin-informed quality specification, we compared fruits from Korea (XS-K) and China (XS-C) using chloroplast genome sequencing, targeted phytochemical profiling (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for selected phenolics and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) for fatty acids and phytosterols, and multivariate chemometric analysis. RESULTS: Chloroplast genome analysis revealed high overall similarity but localized divergence around the rpoC2 locus and a greater mutation burden in XS-C, supporting origin-associated genomic differentiation. Phytochemical profiling revealed distinct origin-dependent metabolic signatures. XS-K showed higher levels of phytosterols, chlorogenic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (4,5-DCQ), and xanthatin was detected only in XS-K, whereas XS-C exhibited greater abundance of total fatty acids, particularly oleic acid. Unsupervised clustering and log2 fold-change ranking confirmed clear compositional separation, and variable importance in projection (VIP) analysis identified chlorogenic acid, β-sitosterol, oleic acid, 4,5-DCQ, and xanthatin as major discriminators between origins. Bioactivity assays demonstrated that XS-K exerted stronger antioxidant effects in ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays, stronger skin-related enzyme inhibition, and greater antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, consistent with its enriched phenolic and sterol profile. CONCLUSION: Together, chloroplast sequence variation, targeted metabolite quantification, and screening bioassays consistently distinguished XS-K from XS-C. These findings support the use of candidate markers for the origin-based authentication and quality control of XS fruit-derived ingredients. © 2026 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Fruit↗

PubMed2026

Social Isolation and Loneliness Among Older Asian Immigrants Through the Lens of Sense of Coherence: Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies.

AIM: To explore the meaning older Asian immigrants attribute to social isolation and loneliness, their management strategies, utilisation of resources and impact on health. DESIGN: Systematic review of qualitative studies. DATA SOURCES: AgeLine, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in September 2024. METHODS: Inclusion criteria: participants were Asian immigrants to Western countries aged 65 and over, community-living and experiencing social isolation and loneliness. Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence was used to frame the thematic analysis. RESULTS: Ten papers were included and analysed deductively using elements of the sense of coherence framework: • Comprehensibility: Social isolation and loneliness are viewed as multifaceted, influenced by cultural and environmental dislocation, language barriers, intergenerational conflicts, deteriorating health and mobility, and socioeconomic challenges. • Manageability: included engaging in culture-specific community programs, family and ethnic community support and living within ethnic enclaves mitigated isolation and loneliness. • Meaningfulness: Strong family ties, active community involvement, spirituality, volunteerism, and cultural practices fostered resilience. However, accepting the changing values of their new world, living independently, and carving their own niche provided meaning to their transformed reality. CONCLUSION: Older Asian immigrants experience social isolation and loneliness through a cultural lens, shaped by migration experiences, language barriers, and shifting family dynamics. Cultural roots, family ties, spirituality, community, acceptance, and independence enhance sense of coherence. Recognising the dynamic interplay between cultural identity, resilience, and adaptation is key to understanding their lived experience. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: This review informs culturally sensitive interventions, guiding healthcare, community services, and policy to support social participation, mitigate loneliness through ethno-specific activities, and improve the quality of life for aging immigrant populations in Western countries. REPORTING METHOD: The review was undertaken and reported using the PRISMA guidelines. PATIENT OR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: None. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42023425752).

Humans↗