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PubMed2026

Role of External Vibratory Lithoclast (Lithecbole) in Improving Lower Pole Stone Clearance After Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL).

Background and Objective: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a widely used non-invasive treatment for renal stones. However, its effectiveness in clearing stones located in the lower pole of the kidney is often limited due to the anatomical challenges that impede the spontaneous passage of fragmented stones. This study evaluate the efficacy and safety of External Physical Vibration Lithecbole (EPVL) when used as an adjunctive therapy following ESWL in patients with lower pole renal stones, with a focus on improving stone clearance rates. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted at Al Yarmouk Teaching Hospital over two years and included 100 patients with 10-15 mm lower pole renal stones. Patients were randomized into two groups: The ESWL alone and ESWL plus EPVL. All patients received two ESWL sessions (3000 shocks/session). The treatment group additionally received EPVL therapy using a flank-applied vibration device. Follow-up was performed using ultrasound and KUB radiography. Statistical analysis was conducted using appropriate tests with significance set at p<0.05. Results: Baseline characteristics, including age, gender, weight, stone size and location, were statistically comparable between groups. The mean stone size was 12.4±1.7 mm. A significantly higher stone-free rate was observed in the ESWL+EPVL group compared to the ESWL-only group (66% vs. 48%, p = 0.027). Although the residual stone size showed a numerical difference favoring EPVL, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.11). Complication rates were low, mild and similar in both groups (p = 0.3). Logistic regression analysis revealed that smaller stone size (p<0.001) and lower patient weight (p = 0.030) were significantly associated with successful stone clearance. Subgroup analysis further confirmed that patients with stones <11 mm or a weight <70 kg had the highest stone-free rates. Conclusion: In this initial evaluation, EPVL demonstrated a safe and effective adjunct to ESWL in enhancing stone clearance for lower-pole renal stones. Its application was associated with improved treatment outcomes without increasing complication rates. Further studies with extended EPVL sessions and longer follow-up are warranted.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Oxygen-controlled gamma-irradiation and annealing enable terminal processing of collagen-based biomaterials.

Gamma irradiation is a widely adopted method for terminal sterilization of medical devices; however, its application to collagen-based extracellular matrix (ECM) materials remains limited due to radiation-induced degradation of structural integrity and mechanical performance. Here, we present an engineered terminal-processing strategy that combines oxygen controlled gamma irradiation (25-30 kGy) with post-irradiation dry-heat annealing to preserve ECM functionality while achieving effective sterilization. By modulating oxygen availability during irradiation, this approach alters radical reaction pathways, suppresses oxygen-mediated oxidative degradation, and generates a metastable radical-containing intermediate, which is subsequently converted into a structurally stabilized collagen network through thermal annealing. As a result, the treated matrices preserved ECM integrity and recovered clinically relevant mechanical properties. Furthermore, the process achieved cumulative viral reductions exceeding 6 log10 across a representative panel including enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses, demonstrating compatibility with sterility assurance and viral safety requirements for biologically derived medical devices. Notably, preliminary observations indicate that mechanical integrity can be partially preserved even at elevated irradiation doses up to 50 kGy, suggesting potential applicability to sterilization validation frameworks requiring higher assurance levels. Overall, this work establishes a mechanistically grounded terminal-processing paradigm that enables control of radical fate, decouples sterilization efficacy from material degradation, and integrates sterilization, viral safety, and functional preservation into a unified and scalable framework for collagen-based biomaterials. This concept repositions gamma-irradiation from a purely degradative process to a controllable tool for tuning collagen structure and performance.

Gamma Rays↗

PubMed2026

HYPNOSA: Study protocol for a prospective observational cohort of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common chronic disease that affects more than 20% of the adult population. One of the most frequent and characteristic symptoms of OSA is excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). This symptom is typically treated in patients with OSA with the application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the gold-standard treatment for this disease. In some patients who are adequately treated with CPAP, residual excessive daytime sleepiness (REDS) persists. The prevalence, associations, and outcomes associated with REDS remain poorly understood. METHODS: Multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study including 1000 patients. Participants will undergo a sleep study for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, clinical assessment, quality-of-life questionnaires, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and collection of biochemical variables and biological samples. Patients with OSA will receive standard care, and those prescribed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) will be monitored for treatment adherence. OSA patients will be assessed at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months. DISSCUSION: We aim to establish a prospective observational cohort of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treated with CPAP, with and without REDS. The HYPNOSA project will create the largest available registry of patients with OSA and REDS using real-world data, providing accurate prevalence estimates and long-term outcomes. Biological samples will be analyzed to assess the role of specific biomarkers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifer: NCT06514482.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

The science of Arabic coffee (Qahwa): from phytochemistry and nutritional profile to health benefits and safety evaluation.

Arabic coffee (Qahwa), a traditional beverage widely consumed in the Middle East, has attracted increasing scientific attention due to its distinctive phytochemical composition and associated health effects. This review provides an integrated analysis of Qahwa's nutritional profile, focusing on its key bioactive constituents, including chlorogenic acids, caffeine, diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol), and phenolic compounds. These constituents contribute to a range of biological activities, notably antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and metabolic regulatory effects. The influence of technological variables, including roasting degree, brewing method, and bean origin, on the chemical composition and functional properties is critically examined. Safety concerns, particularly acrylamide formation and mycotoxin contamination, are also discussed. Although emerging data support Qahwa's potential as a functional beverage, further research is required to clarify dose-response relationships, synergistic interactions, and long-term health outcomes. This work highlights Qahwa as a promising candidate for food and nutraceutical applications, warranting standardized compositional profiling and toxicological evaluation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A versatile reversed-phase liquid chromatography charged aerosol detection method for streamlined monitoring of QS-21 content and stability in liposomal adjuvant formulations.

Identifying and quantifying an active adjuvant along with its degradants in drug formulations is essential for ensuring the safety and efficacy of the drug product. QS-21 is a potent adjuvant that is being evaluated in several clinical trials and is currently formulated in licensed vaccines that protect against shingles, malaria, and RSV. In aqueous environments, QS-21 is subject to hydrolytic degradation that is influenced by pH and temperature, resulting in the formation of a degradant known as QS-21 Hydrolyzed Product, QS-21 HP, which can occur during manufacturing and/or prolonged storage. The intact QS-21 and QS-21 HP induce distinct immune response profiles, making it critical to monitor the degradation of QS-21 in vaccine adjuvant formulations. To date, there has been a paucity of reliable assays for QS-21, its isomers, and degradant QS-21 HP in liposomal adjuvant formulations available that can be transferred seamlessly in quality control (QC) environments. Herein, we introduce a simple and QC-friendly liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector (LC-CAD) enabled by stationary phase screening combined with in silico method development optimization. The method exploits 2.7 μm fused-core phenyl hexyl particles, ensuring its versatility in standard and ultra-high pressure LC systems. This approach demonstrates a high correlation between predicted retention time (RT) and experimental outcomes with overall ∆RT < 4%. In addition, this assay shows great linearity, precision, specificity, and accuracy to advance process development characterization of new vaccine formulations.

Liposomes↗

PubMed2026

A smartphone-integrated Pt@Cu-HCF nanozyme-based paper sensor for on-site determination of total antioxidant capacity in marine oils.

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) serves as a key indicator for evaluating the nutritional quality of foods. In this study, we designed a platinum-embedded copper hexacyanoferrate (denoted as Pt@Cu-HCF) nanozyme that exhibits high oxidase-like activity, efficiently catalyzing the oxidation of chromogenic substrates to generate robust colorimetric signals. Antioxidants quench hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) produced during the catalytic process, leading to a concentration-dependent suppression of the color signal. Leveraging this mechanism, a smartphone-integrated, colorimetric paper sensor for on-site TAC quantification was developed, using vitamin E as the calibration standard. The sensor was applied to determine TAC in fish oil, algal oil, and krill oil, demonstrating a linear response range of 9.78-312.5 μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 6.41 μM. Validation using real-world marine oil samples showed excellent agreement with a commercial assay kit, confirming the reliability and practical applicability of this portable sensor for TAC measurement in complex biological matrices.

Antioxidants↗

PubMed2026

Clinical outcomes of zirconia dental restorations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the survival and success rates of zirconia dental restorations (ZDRs) and their complications. DATA & SOURCES: Electronic searches of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and Web of Science were conducted up to January 1, 2026. Clinical studies with at least 1-year follow-up evaluating zirconia dental restorations in natural teeth were included. Survival rates, success rates, and biological and mechanical complications were analyzed. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and Joanna Briggs Institute tools (JBI). Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. STUDY SELECTION & RESULTS: Sixty-six studies published between 2008 and 2025 were included. Pooled survival rates ranged from 92.9% to 98.7% up to 10 years for single crowns (SCs), 77.6% over 10 to 13 years for fixed dental prostheses (FPDs), 97.4% for resin-bonded FPDs (RBFPDs) over 10 to 15 years, from 50.0% to 52.6% over 9 to 13 years for conventional cantilever FPDs (CFPDs) and 89.0% for inlay-retained FPDs (IRFPDs) over 10 years. Pooled success rates were 46.1% for SCs over 10 years, 40.1% for FDPs over 10 to 13 years, 84.3% for RBDPDs over 10 to 15 years, 12.5% to 22.6% for CFPDs over 9 to 13 years and 70.3% for IRFPDs over 10 years. Biological and mechanical complication rates were 12.1% and 53.9% for SCs at 10 years, 19.4% and 46.7% for FPDs over 10 to 13 years, 50.0% and 37.5% for CFPDs at 9 years, 21.4% and 14.3% for IRFPDs at 3 years, and 3.3% and 8.0% for RBFPDs over 10 to 15 years. Restorations treated with airborne-particle abrasion (APA) combined with 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) achieved favorable short-term clinical outcomes, with pooled survival and success rates of 98.6% and 97.7% for SCs, and 98.1% and 70.1% for IRFPDs, respectively. The included studies were assessed as having low to moderate risk of bias using RoB 2, NOS, and JBI tools, but GRADE assessment yielded evidence of very low certainty. CONCLUSIONS: ZDRs generally demonstrated acceptable to excellent short- to long-term survival and success outcomes. Mid- to long-term clinical performance was varied according to restoration types. The RBFPDs had relatively low complication rates, followed by the SCs, the FPDs and the IRFPDs. CFPDs exhibited relatively low success rates and high complication rates. The predominant biological complications were secondary caries and pulpitis or apical periodontitis, while chipping and debonding were the most common mechanical complications. APA treatment followed by application of MDP is capable of producing favorable short-term clinical outcomes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: ZDRs except for CFPDs could achieve favorable mid- to long-term clinical performance. CFPDs should be conducted with caution.

Zirconium↗

PubMed2026

Candidate biomarkers for early Giardia duodenalis infection revealed by time-resolved secretome proteomics.

Giardia duodenalis is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis in humans and other mammals. Early diagnosis remains challenging because current diagnostic methods, including microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), primarily detect established infections. Consequently, a critical diagnostic gap exists during the early stage of infection within the first 2-48 h following exposure. To address this limitation, we characterized the proteins released by in vitro-cultured G. duodenalis trophozoites under serum-free conditions and evaluated their potential as early diagnostic biomarkers. Proteomic analysis of culture supernatants collected during early trophozoite incubation identified 31,773 peptides corresponding to 2504 quantifiable proteins. Temporal profiling showed distinct secretion patterns, including proteins that peaked during the early stage, progressively accumulated over time, or remained persistently abundant throughout the incubation period. Based on their secretion characteristics and predicted immunogenic properties, five candidate biomarkers were selected for further evaluation. Polyclonal antibodies raised against selected candidates successfully detected the corresponding proteins in serum-free culture supernatants, providing preliminary evidence for their potential utility as early-stage diagnostic targets. These findings identify stage-associated candidate proteins that may serve as a resource for future early giardiasis diagnostic development, provide a valuable resource for investigating host-parasite interactions, and establish a foundation for future diagnostic assay development. However, further validation in clinical and biological samples is required to confirm their diagnostic applicability. SIGNIFICANCE: Giardiasis, caused by Giardia duodenalis, is a major diarrheal disease worldwide. Although enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) provide rapid detection, their diagnostic utility is limited by the lack of biomarkers capable of identifying infection during its earliest stages, creating a critical gap in the detection of active infection within 2-48 h following exposure. Using data-independent acquisition proteomics, this study provides a time-resolved characterization of proteins released by G. duodenalis trophozoites into serum-free culture supernatants. Our findings reveal temporal secretion dynamics of protein secretion and identify candidate biomarkers with potential utility for the development of early-stage diagnostic assays pending rigorous biological and clinical validation. In addition, this proteomic resource provides a foundation for investigating host-parasite interactions and may facilitate the development of future point-of-care diagnostic strategies.

Giardiasis↗

PubMed2026

Ensemble DNA methylation clock demonstrates Immune-metabolic aging signatures associated with mortality.

Aging is a multifactorial process that is best described in terms of the progressive acquisition of multiple layers of phenotypic changes, such as epigenetic modifications, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. DNA methylation clocks have been extensively used to construct epigenetic clocks based on the DNAm profiles that can be used to estimate biological age and predict age-associated outcomes. Nevertheless, the vast majority of clocks constructed so far have been based on linear models, which are unlikely to fully account for the heterogeneity and non-linearity of survival-related DNAm signatures. In this work, we constructed a heterogeneous stacked ensemble survival model based on DNAm data obtained from the Framingham Heart Study. We first identified 190 CpG loci using elastic net Cox regression and subsequently constructed a survival prediction model based on the fusion of five complementary survival models by means of a neural network meta-learner. The prediction power of the survival model was evaluated in an external validation cohort, where we observed strong performance for predicting all-cause mortality that significantly exceeded PhenoAge and was statistically comparable to GrimAge. These performance estimates were derived in cohorts of European ancestry and externally validated in postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years, and should therefore be interpreted as applicable only to demographically similar populations.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Biologic-biologic and biologic-JAK inhibitor combination therapy in refractory systemic autoinflammatory diseases.

OBJECTIVES: Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) arise from genetic defects in innate immunity, leading to dysregulated activation of inflammatory pathways, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, TNF, and JAK/STAT. Clinical manifestations range from recurrent fever to severe complications such as encephalitis and AA amyloidosis. Management aims to control inflammation using immunosuppressive agents and targeted monotherapies (biologics or JAK inhibitors). Advanced combination therapy (ACT), defined as the use of biologics and/or JAK inhibitors in combination, has emerged as a strategy for refractory disease. METHODS: In this observational retrospective longitudinal cohort study, patients with SAIDs treated with ACT were included. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and safety data were collected. Treatment response was assessed using a composite outcome incorporating corticosteroid dose, C-reactive protein (CRP), and clinical improvement and categorized as non-response, partial response, or complete response. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients (median age 30 years [range 4-76]) were included. The most common indications for ACT were pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne (PAPA), mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD), and undifferentiated SAIDs. Most patients had disease-related complications and were dependent on glucocorticoids and/or opioids to control inflammation and pain, respectively. Following multiple ACT trials, complete response was observed in 21 patients (55.3%), partial response in 12 (31.6%), and no response in 5 (13.1%). Overall, 65 ACT regimens were administered, most commonly combining IL-1 and TNF inhibitors. Thirty-nine regimens were discontinued because of lack of efficacy, secondary loss of response, or adverse events. At the final follow-up, 26 patients (68%) remained on ACT, with a median treatment duration of 60 months (range, 11-186). CONCLUSIONS: ACT offers significant clinical benefits for patients with difficult-to-treat SAIDs, though challenges such as secondary loss of efficacy and infection risks remain.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Triazole resistance in clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolates in India, a multicenter surveillance study.

BACKGROUND: Triazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is a global public health concern associated with treatment failure, notably in invasive aspergillosis. However, population-level data on triazole resistance from India remain limited, with most reports originating from single-center studies. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter surveillance study to assess the prevalence of triazole resistance among clinical A. fumigatus isolates across India. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using the CLSI broth microdilution method (M38-Ed3), and molecular characterization was conducted on resistant isolates. A total of 518 isolates were analyzed: 115 prospectively collected from 13 tertiary-care hospitals from 2015-2020, and 403 archived isolates obtained from the National Culture Collection of Pathogenic Fungi (1994-2020). RESULTS: The overall pooled prevalence of non-wildtype isolates was 4.1% for itraconazole (95% CI: 2.54-6.17%), 3.9% for posaconazole (95% CI: 2.39-5.94%), while 1.4% were resistant to voriconazole (95% CI: 0.55-2.77%). One multi-azole-resistant isolate from an immunocompromised, mold-active triazole-naïve patient carried the TR34/L98H mutation, suggesting environmental acquisition. Prevalence of resistance did not differ significantly across geographic regions or between public and private sector hospitals. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant temporal increase in median MICs of all three licensed triazoles between 1994 and 2020. Approximately 29% of isolates exhibited amphotericin B MICs exceeding the epidemiological cutoff value; however, the clinical significance of this finding remains uncertain. CONCLUSIONS: Azole resistance among clinical A. fumigatus isolates in India remains uncommon (<5%), supporting the continued use of triazoles as first-line therapy. However, the observed temporal increase in triazole MICs underscores the need for sustained national surveillance to detect emerging resistance trends.

Aspergillus fumigatus↗

PubMed2026

Meniscal preservation in the age of biologics: toward a quantitative decision algorithm for personalized repair.

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in arthroscopic repair and biologic augmentation, surgical indication for meniscal tears remains heterogeneous. No standardized framework currently integrates biomechanical, clinical, and biological determinants to guide repair versus resection. PURPOSE: To develop a quantitative decision model-the Meniscal Preservation Score (MPS)-that unifies biomechanical and biological evidence to stratify reparability potential and standardize treatment selection in meniscal surgery. METHODS: A systematic evidence synthesis conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 reporting standards of studies published from 2000 to 2025 in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus identified key determinants of meniscal healing. Five consistent predictors-patient age, vascularity, tear morphology, associated pathology, and activity profile-were weighted through a two-round modified Delphi consensus among ten experienced knee surgeons. The resulting 0-9-point MPS was incorporated into a stepwise decision tree linking lesion morphology, biological context, and surgical strategy. Conceptual validation used 50 simulated cases and a retrospective cohort of 45 patients to test agreement between algorithm recommendations and expert surgical decisions. RESULTS: The MPS achieved 86% concordance with expert judgment in simulation and 84% agreement in clinical validation. In this retrospective exploratory cohort, cases in which surgical management was concordant with MPS recommendations demonstrated higher mean IKDC scores at 24 months and lower observed reoperation rates. These findings should be interpreted as associative rather than causal, as treatment allocation was not controlled and discordant cases may have represented inherently more complex pathology. CONCLUSION: The MPS represents an evidence-informed decision-support framework designed to systematize reparability assessment. While exploratory analyses suggest structural coherence with expert reasoning, prospective implementation and external validation are required before clinical adoption as a predictive tool. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: conceptual model with exploratory validation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The mighty microproteins: from versatile cellular regulators to precision medicine therapeutics.

Microproteins, are tiny proteins encoded by small open reading frame (sORF), translation of these non-canonical open reading frames (ncORFs) has been implicated in diverse biological processes and diseases. This review summarizes recent developments in the discovery, biogenesis, and functional characterization of microproteins, and their involvement in various disease, with special focus on their roles in cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative and immune-related disorders. We emphasize the regulation of key cellular pathways by microproteins, including mitochondrial homeostasis, apoptosis, metabolic reprogramming, and immune signaling, all of which affect disease initiation and progression. Emerging evidence also supports their potential as disease biomarkers and therapeutic candidates for precision medicine. Finally, the review critically discusses the current challenges including discrepancies in microprotein annotation, the limitations of ribosome profiling and proteogenomic approaches, the gap between computationally predicted and experimentally validated microproteins, and the need for rigorous orthogonal validation by means of CRISPR-based genome editing, ribosome release assays, mutational analysis, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and functional studies. Finally, we review recent development of AI-assisted ORF prediction, single-cell translatomics, spatial proteomics, and integrated multi-omics as emerging technologies reshaping. Microprotein discovery and functional annotation. Finally, we discuss the translational potential of microproteins and highlight the remaining challenges to clinical application, including peptide stability, pharmacokinetics, tissue-specific delivery, immunogenicity, and the need for rigorous preclinical and clinical validation. Together, this review provides an updated and critical overview of the rapidly evolving microprotein field and highlights future research priorities for translating these molecules into clinically useful biomarkers and precision therapeutics.

Microproteins↗

PubMed2026

Safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACYW-TT) administered concomitantly with routine pediatric vaccines in healthy infants and toddlers in USA and Puerto Rico: Results from a Phase III, randomized, active-controlled study.

MenACYW-TT, a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine, is approved for prevention of invasive meningococcal disease in infants ≥ 6 weeks of age in the USA. This Phase III study (NCT03673462; September 17, 2018 - March 16, 2023) evaluated the safety of MenACYW-TT compared with a licensed quadrivalent meningococcal oligosaccharide diphtheria CRM197-conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-CRM) when administered concomitantly with routine pediatric vaccines in healthy infants and toddlers in a four-dose series (3+1 schedule). Participants were randomized 3:1 to receive MenACYW-TT (Group 1; n = 2080) or MenACWY-CRM (Group 2; n = 697) at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age, with concomitant administration of routine pediatric vaccines (DTaP5-IPV/Hib, PCV13, rotavirus, hepatitis B, MMR, and varicella vaccines). Safety assessments included immediate unsolicited adverse events within 30 minutes post-vaccination, solicited injection site and systemic reactions within 7d, unsolicited AEs within 30d, serious adverse events (SAEs) including adverse events of special interest (AESIs), and medically attended adverse events (MAAEs) throughout the study. MenACYW-TT and MenACWY-CRM were overall well tolerated, and safety profiles were comparable. Solicited injection site reactions occurred in 84.9% and 84.6% of participants in Groups 1 and 2, respectively; solicited systemic reactions in 87.1% and 88.2%, respectively. During the entire study, 5.2% in Group 1 and 3.0% in Group 2 experienced at least one SAE; 0.9% and 0.1%, respectively, reported at least one AESI. Three deaths occurred in Group 1. All SAEs, AESIs, and deaths were unrelated to study vaccines. This study supports the safety profile of MenACYW-TT in infants and toddlers aged ≥ 6 weeks.Study registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03673462; EudraCT: 2019-004459-35.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed2026

Seed-derived mucilage polysaccharides as biomaterials for in vivo tissue regeneration: A systematic review.

Chronic wounds, bone defects, and cartilage injuries represent persistent clinical challenges requiring biomaterial platforms that actively regulate inflammation, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Conventional synthetic dressings often provide limited biological activity in these contexts. Seed-derived mucilages - polysaccharide-rich hydrocolloids obtained from chia (Salvia hispanica), flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), psyllium (Plantago ovata), guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), quince (Cydonia oblonga) etc. - have emerged as biocompatible, biodegradable, and chemically versatile platforms for tissue engineering. This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesized in vivo evidence on seed-derived mucilage-based biomaterials across wound healing, bone repair, cartilage regeneration, and related applications. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched for original in vivo experimental studies published in English between 2020 and 2026. Eligible studies reported at least one measurable regenerative outcome. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers, and methodological quality was assessed using the SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. Forty-three studies were included. Hydrogels were the dominant biomaterial format, followed by films, scaffolds, sponges, nanoparticle systems, and bilayer or Janus composites. Included systems generally improved wound closure, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, antioxidant defense, and inflammatory regulation. However, most studies used small animals with short follow-up periods, and many incorporated nanoparticles or bioactive agents, limiting attribution of efficacy to the mucilage matrix alone. Risk of bias was predominantly unclear due to insufficient reporting of randomization and blinding. Blank mucilage controls, standardized characterization, long-term biosafety data, and clinically relevant models are essential prerequisites for translational progress.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Sulfonic Ion-Exchange Resins as Versatile Tools for the Oxidative Degradation of Chemical and Biological Hazardous Agents.

Commercial sulfonic styrene-divinylbenzene ion-exchange resins are activated with aqueous H2O2 to generate metal-free decontamination systems that combine strong Brønsted acidity with immobilized oxidizing capability. Among five tested materials, Amberlyst 15 dry showed the best performance in terms of oxidant immobilization capacity and promoting the oxidative degradation of the sulfur mustard simulant (2-chloroethyl)ethyl sulfide, CEES, and the organophosphorus pesticide malathion under very mild conditions. Control experiments with K2CO3-exchanged resin demonstrate that efficient decontamination requires the synergy between surface acidity and peroxide functionality. The activated resins also display rapid biocidal activity, strongly reducing viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and completely suppressing the infectivity of HSV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 within min. These findings identify peroxide-activated sulfonic resins as simple, sustainable, regenerable, and versatile tools for efficient combined hazardous chemical and biological decontamination.

Oxidation-Reduction↗

PubMed2026

Construction of an infectious clone of Spodoptera frugiperda densovirus and its biological characteristics.

Densoviruses are highly pathogenic to their insect hosts and have great potential for biocontrol. Spodoptera frugiperda densovirus (SfDV) was isolated from diseased larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda, while its biological functions remain unclear. Herein, we successfully constructed an infectious clone of SfDV. The S. frugiperda larvae transfected with the infectious clone exhibited anorexia, stunted growth, and reduced activity. Histopathological analysis further showed that the epidermis, fat body and trachea were infected instead of muscle and midgut tissues. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that numerous virions of about 22 nm were distributed within both the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm of epidermal cells. Moreover, many virions were also found contained within vesicles in the cytoplasm. The replication kinetics of the rescued SfDV (rSfDV) was similar to that of the parental SfDV. The median lethal dose (LD50) and median lethal time (LT50) values of rSfDV were 6.63 × 107 viral genome copies (vgc), 5.23 d, respectively, which were also comparable to those of the parental SfDV. Taken together, the infectious clone of SfDV provides an important tool for further exploring the genome function, pathogenesis, and interactions with its hosts.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Epigenetic Clocks of Biological Aging and Cognitively Healthy Longevity: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about whether epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) clocks are capable of predicting exceptional longevity with or without preserved cognitive function. METHODS: We examined 5844 women from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. Fifteen epigenetic clocks were measured at baseline (1996-1999). Longevity outcomes were defined as: 1) survival to age 90 with preserved cognition (n = 1726, 29.5%); or 2) survival to age 90 with cognitive impairment (n = 956, 16.4%); vs. 3) death before age 90 (n = 2611, 44.7%). Logistic regression models examined associations between the 15 clocks and survival to age 90 (vs. death before age 90), adjusting for covariates. Multinomial logistic regression models examined associations with survival to age 90 without cognitive impairment and survival to age 90 with cognitive impairment (each vs. death before age 90), also adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: Each standard deviation increase in EAA for the first-generation clocks was associated with 7%-18% reduced odds of survival to age 90 vs. earlier death. Stronger associations were observed for second- and third-generation clocks, including AgeAccelGrim2 (OR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.61-0.71), PCGrimAge (OR = 0.64; 95% CI 0.59-0.69), PCPhenoAge (OR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.68-0.78) and DunedinPACE (OR = 0.77; 95% CI 0.72-0.82). None of the clocks was more strongly associated with survival to age 90 with preserved cognition than with survival to age 90 with cognitive impairment, relative to death before age 90. CONCLUSION: All epigenetic clocks were associated with exceptional longevity, but none were associated with cognitive healthspan. Developing clocks that can differentiate long survival with and without preserved cognitive function is critical.

Healthspan↗