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PubMed2026

Workforce Representation in Ophthalmology Oral Board Examiners and Examinees.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristics of the American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO) oral board examiners and examinees as well as trends in examiner and examinee gender over time. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: ABO oral board examiners and examinees. METHODS: We utilized data from the American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO) and Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) to assess board examiner and examinee demographic characteristics from 2011 to 2024. Examiner characteristics included gender, years of experience, initial certification year and average examiner score. Examinee characteristics included gender, years since residency graduation and exam outcome (pass/fail). We utilized logistic regression to examine temporal trends in examiner and examinee gender from 2013 to 2024. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gender distribution of examiners and examinees. RESULTS: Overall, the proportion of women examiners increased over the study period. Notably, the most pronounced increase occurred following the transition from in-person to virtual oral board exam administration in 2020, rising from 31.3% (95% CI: 24.1%-38.4%) in 2019 to 49.1% (95% CI: 43.8%-54.4%) in 2024 (p < .001). The percentage of women examinees remained stable (41.7% [95% CI: 37.6%-45.8%] in 2019; 37.5% [95% CI: 33.0%-42.0%] in 2024, p-value: .019). CONCLUSIONS: The representation of women among the ABO oral board examiners has increased significantly following the transition to virtual exams while the proportion of examinees remained stable. Strategies to increase flexibility in scheduling exams may be beneficial in continuing to improve examiner representation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A 4-year longitudinal wastewater surveillance of five gastroenteritis viruses and the correlation with clinical cases in Alberta, Canada.

Viruses are common causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. They are detected in large quantities in raw sewage making them amenable to wastewater-based surveillance (WBS). To monitor the prevalence of gastroenteritis viruses in wastewater and assess their correlation with clinical cases, wastewater samples collected between July 2020 and June 2024 from 12 wastewater treatment plants across Alberta, Canada were analyzed for norovirus (NoV) GI & GII, rotavirus (RoV), adenovirus (AdV), sapovirus (SaV) and astrovirus (AsV). Among the 5726 wastewater samples tested, AdV (80.5%) had the highest detection rate followed by NoV GII (75.6%), SaV (63.2%), NoV GI (59.4%), RoV (42.2%) and AsV (20.2%). Winter and spring seasonality was found for NoV and RoV in both wastewater and clinical disease. Public health interventions especially in the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on their burden with marked reduction in wastewater detected viruses and clinical cases. NoV showed a strong correlation between its level in wastewater and the number of clinical cases, while moderate correlation was observed for the other four viruses. Cross-correlation analysis showed that changes of viral RNA concentration in wastewater lagged behind reported gastroenteritis cases by approximately 6 days to 3 weeks. To our knowledge, this is the longest multi-region WBS study monitoring multiple gastroenteritis viruses spanning both COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic periods. The data obtained from this study supported WBS as a complementary tool to track population-based circulation of gastroenteritis viruses, providing actionable public health data.

Clinical cases↗

PubMed2026

Intraocular pressure-lowering effects of tetrahydrocannabinol drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Within the past few decades, several studies have reported intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effects associated with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) compounds as an alternative or complementary agent to conventional glaucoma therapies. The purpose of this study is to generate pooled estimates on the IOP-lowering effects of THC. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis article was registered a priori on PROSPERO (CRD420251007916). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting IOP reduction following THC administration. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessments. A random-effects meta-analysis of mean differences was performed to estimate the overall pooled peak percentage reduction in IOP following THC administration, stratified by route of THC administration. RESULTS: Five studies were included, consisting of a total of 99 patients and 69 with THC exposure/intervention. Overall, the pooled peak percentage reduction in IOP after THC administration was 14.66% (95% CI: [3.38%, 25.93%]; p < 0.005). By route of THC delivery, the pooled peak percentage reduction in IOP was 33.27% (95% CI: [20.36%, 46.17%]; p < 0.0001) with the IV route. It was 10.65% (95% CI: [-7.60%, 28.89%]) with the oral route and 9.36% (95% CI: [-8.89%, 27.6%]) with the topical route. Four studies reported the peak percentage reduction in IOP after THC and control administration. From these studies, the pooled peak percentage reduction in IOP after THC was 6.88% (95% CI: [-9.56%, 23.33%]; p = 0.41) and nonsignificantly different from control. CONCLUSIONS: Our study generated literature-pooled estimates of the overall and route-stratified peak percentage reduction in IOP following THC administration. THC significantly reduced IOP, although comparatively less significant to the control group.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Gender-specific pathways linking body dissatisfaction, self-disgust, and social anxiety in Chinese adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal study.

Adolescence is a critical period for physical and psychological development. Body dissatisfaction is a significant concern during this stage, contributing to psychological issues such as social anxiety. However, the longitudinal relationships among body dissatisfaction, self-disgust, and social anxiety, as well as the potential role of gender differences in these dynamics, remain unclear. A total of 1109 junior high school students in China completed the baseline survey, with data collected at three time points (Mage = 12.67 years, SD = 0.68; 51.9% girls). Data were collected using the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS), the Self-Disgust Scale (SDS), and the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the longitudinal mediating effects among body dissatisfaction, self-disgust, and social anxiety, as well as to explore gender differences in these relationships. After controlling for autoregressive effects of self-disgust and social anxiety across waves, body dissatisfaction at T1 was found to indirectly predict social anxiety at T3 through self-disgust at T2, while indirectly predicting self-disgust at T3 through social anxiety at T2. Multi-group analyses revealed significant gender differences: for females, only the mediating pathway with self-disgust as the mediator was significant; for males, only the pathway with social anxiety as the mediator was significant. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the emotional mechanisms linking body dissatisfaction to social anxiety and highlight the importance of considering gender-specific pathways in prevention and intervention efforts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Validated UPLC-MS/MS quantification and intracellular PK-PD Modeling of periplocin-related cardiac glycosides in H/R-injured H9c2 cells.

Reliable intracellular quantification is essential for characterizing the target-site disposition and exposure-response relationships of bioactive natural products. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of periplocin and four related cardiac glycoside metabolites in H9c2 cell lysates. Acceptable linearity, precision, recovery, and stability were achieved for intracellular quantification. Cells were treated with each compound at 50 μM, and intracellular concentrations and cell viability were monitored over 48 h. In hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) -injured cells, the time to maximum intracellular concentration was shortened for all five compounds, indicating altered cellular disposition under injury conditions. Cell viability was improved by all compounds during the observation period. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) integration was performed using a sigmoid Emax model, and acceptable model fits were obtained, with Akaike information criterion (AIC) values ranging from 79.22 to 130.46. Low apparent EC50 values were estimated under this single-dose design, whereas the estimated Ke0 values suggested delayed equilibration with the effect compartment. These findings indicate that sustained cytoprotective responses can be produced by periplocin and related metabolic markers in injured cardiomyocytes. This intracellular bioanalytical strategy provides a quantitative approach for linking cellular exposure to pharmacodynamic response and may support further evaluation of periplocin-related cardiac glycosides.

Tandem Mass Spectrometry↗

PubMed2026

Impact of Contact Lens Use on Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Fungal Keratitis: An 8-Year Retrospective Study.

PURPOSE: To compare clinical characteristics, microbiological profiles, treatment strategies, and outcomes between contact lens-associated (CL) and noncontact lens-associated (non-CL) fungal keratitis. DESIGN: Retrospective, comparative clinical cohort study. METHODS: A review of culture-proven fungal keratitis treated at a tertiary referral center between 2018 and 2025 was conducted. Cases were categorized as CL or non-CL-associated. Demographic, clinical, microbiological, treatment, and outcome data were analyzed and compared between groups. RESULTS: Thirty-seven eyes were included, comprising 16 CL and 21 non-CL cases. CL users presented earlier than non-CL patients (median 7 vs 14 days, P = .007) and had fewer associated ocular risk factors (31% vs 81%, P = .001). Baseline visual acuity and infiltrate size did not differ significantly between groups. Candida species were isolated in 21% cases, Fusarium in 16% and Aspergillus in 8%. Fusarium (19% vs 13%) and Candida (24% vs 19%) infections were slightly more frequent in non-CL cases. Overall, filamentous fungi were the predominant organism group. Topical voriconazole was the most frequently used antifungal agent (78%). All CL-associated cases resolved with medical therapy alone, with a median time to resolution of 38 days (IQR 22-58). In contrast, 76% of non-CL cases resolved medically (median 42 days, IQR 32-76), while 23% required therapeutic keratoplasty (P = .04). Final visual acuity was comparable between groups (logMAR 0.2 vs 0.5, P = .56). CONCLUSION: Contact lens-associated fungal keratitis is characterized by earlier presentation and fewer underlying ocular comorbidities, with favorable outcomes achieved through medical therapy alone. Despite similar microbiological profiles and treatment approaches, noncontact lens-associated fungal keratitis more frequently follows a complicated course requiring surgical intervention.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Journey Mapping of the Patient Experience from Diagnosis to End of Life in Lung Cancer: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to systematically synthesize the lived experiences and journey narratives of lung cancer patients across disease stages, and identify key tasks and pain points during the disease course through patient journey mapping, providing evidence for comprehensive disease management throughout the patient journey. METHODS: Ten databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and SinoMed, were systematically searched, with a search period from database inception to August 15, 2025. The JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies was used to evaluate the quality of studies, and the results were integrated using a meta-aggregative approach. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included. Based on the patient journey mapping, the lung cancer patient journey comprises four potential stages: evaluation and diagnosis, initial treatment, maintenance therapy, and end-of-life. A total of 30 themes emerged within three dimensions: tasks, emotions, and pain points. Each dimension of each stage consists of 2-3 themes. CONCLUSION: The journey of lung cancer patients is protracted and complex, characterized by stage-specific needs and challenges. Future management strategies should be tailored to these distinct phases, providing precision supportive care to optimize treatment outcomes and enhance patients' quality of life. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This Patient Journey Map integrates routine clinical pathways with patients' lived experiences across each stage, revealing stage-specific challenges and providing targets for tailored nursing interventions. The framework promotes multidisciplinary, digitally enabled supportive care and indicates the importance of including patients' social circles to enhance patient-centered outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Metabolomics and genomics reveal high diversity and concentrations of cyanopeptides during a Microcystis bloom.

Cyanobacterial blooms are an immense global problem that release complex mixtures of poorly characterized biologically active cyanopeptides into freshwater. In this study, metabolomics and genomics were used to assess the diversity and concentrations of cyanopeptides during a dense Microcystis bloom during the late summer of 2023 in Lake Champlain, a large transboundary lake situated between Canada and the United States. Despite the relatively low genetic diversity of the bloom determined by 16S rRNA metabarcoding, 151 cyanopeptides were detected by non-targeted metabolomics. This represents the most recorded cyanopeptides from a single lake plankton bloom event to date. Fifty-two cyanopeptides were previously reported and 99 represent putative new structures. Standards from the microcystin, cyanopeptolin, microginin, and anabaenopeptin groups were used to either quantify or approximate respective cyanopeptide concentrations over the sampling period. Cyanopeptolins were the most diverse (n = 68) cyanopeptides and the second most abundant, reaching 12,892 μg/L. Microginins were the second most diverse (n = 24) and reached the highest concentrations (18,262 μg/L). Anabaenopeptins were the third most diverse (n = 17) cyanopeptides, reaching 4,818 μg/L. Only 8 microcystins were detected, reaching 4,935 μg/L, where MC-LR was the dominant congener. Target cyanopeptide biosynthesis genes for microcystins (mcyE), cyanopeptolins (mcnC), anabaenopeptins (apnD), microviridins (mdnC), and aeruginosins (aerA) were also quantified using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). The gene copy numbers for mcyE, mcnC, and apnD were highly correlated with their corresponding cyanopeptide concentrations. Overall, the studied Microcystis bloom produced a very diverse cyanopeptide mixture with high cyanopeptide concentrations including non-microcystin groups.

Microcystis↗

PubMed2026

Evolution of Candidaemia and azole resistance in Italy: A multicentre retrospective study.

PURPOSE: Candidaemia is the most common healthcare-associated invasive fungal infection. The evolution of the epidemiology of candidaemia in Italy has not been assessed, except at the local level. The primary objective of this study is monitoring changes in the epidemiology of candidaemia and in the susceptibility profiles of Candida isolates between 2015 and 2023. METHODS: This retrospective multicentre study (2015-2023), involved 11 tertiary-care hospital microbiology laboratories across the Italian country. The confirmed candidaemia episodes were included and demographic data, hospital ward, species identification, and antifungal susceptibility profiles (Sensititre Yeast One) were collected. RESULTS: 6,927 candidaemia cases were identified; incidence increased from 1.1/1000 hospitalisations in 2017 to 2.3/1000 in 2020-2021, peaking during the COVID-19 pandemic, and declined in 2023 while remaining above prepandemic levels. Patients older than 65 years accounted for most infections. Medical wards represented the main setting of occurrence, followed by intensive care units, especially during pandemic years. C. albicans remained the most common species (45.4%), followed by C. parapsilosis (24.7%), C. glabrata (11.8%), and C. tropicalis (11.4%). Echinocandin resistance remained low (< 2% for C. albicans and C. glabrata), whereas azole resistance increased markedly, particularly in C. parapsilosis, reaching fluconazole resistance rates of 25.6% in 2022. CONCLUSIONS: Candidaemia increased during the 9-year study period in Italy, particularly in the COVID-19 pandemic, in medical wards and ICU. Emerged a growing azole resistance, underscoring the need for enhanced surveillance and informed empirical treatment strategies.

Candida species etiology↗

PubMed2026

Modulating sentence comprehension in people with aphasia through anodal tDCS: A double-blind randomized cross-over study.

This double-blind randomized cross-over study investigated the effects of perilesional anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (AtDCS) combined with speech-language therapy on sentence comprehension in eight individuals with chronic nonfluent agrammatic aphasia. The behavioral therapy consisted of an intensive comprehension treatment including drilling in sentence-to-picture matching and Mapping Therapy. Each participant underwent both the anodal tDCS and sham stimulation conditions (five received sham first followed by real stimulation, and the remaining three the reverse sequence), with each condition paired with the same behavioral treatment and separated by a four-month washout period. Stimulation was applied over the perilesional area (left BA6) for 20 min during daily 40-min therapy sessions over four consecutive weeks. Sentence comprehension was assessed with the RiComprendo battery and functional communication with the Communicative Effectiveness Index (CETI). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, Bayesian analyses, and linear mixed-effects models to control for baseline performance and individual variability. Both stimulation conditions produced significant pre-to-post improvements in sentence comprehension, particularly for syntactically complex structures such as passives and center-embedded object relatives. However, gains were overall greater following AtDCS, as reflected in larger effect sizes, stronger Bayes factors, and a significant treatment effect in the mixed-effects models. Only the AtDCS condition yielded significant improvements in self-perceived comprehension abilities on the CETI. These findings suggest that AtDCS over perilesional cortical areas may boost the effects of traditional language therapy on sentence comprehension, supporting its feasibility and potential as an adjuvant intervention in post-stroke aphasia rehabilitation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Psychiatric Diagnoses and Psychotropic Medications Among Military-Affiliated Adolescents and Young Adults With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

PURPOSE: To study rates of psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication prescription among U.S. military-affiliated adolescents and young adults (AYA) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: This retrospective matched cohort study included U.S. military-affiliated AYA (aged 15-21 years) enrolled in TRICARE Prime for at least 6 months during the surveillance period (January 2016 to October 2023). Military-affiliated AYA were grouped into three categories: individuals diagnosed with PCOS (N = 6,911), age-matched individuals with no diagnosed PCOS symptoms (N = 35,814), and individuals with diagnosed symptoms suggestive of PCOS (N = 2,136). The presence of a psychiatric diagnoses and prescriptions for psychotropic medications were obtained via the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes and National Drug codes, respectively. RESULTS: AYA with diagnosed PCOS had higher odds of having a psychiatric diagnosis and being prescribed a psychotropic medication compared to an age-matched comparison group (psychiatric diagnosis odds ratio [OR] = 2.48 [2.35-2.62], medication OR = 2.14 [2.03-2.25]) and individuals with symptoms suggestive of PCOS (psychiatric diagnosis OR = 1.11 [1.003-1.23], medication OR = 1.16 [1.05-1.28]). DISCUSSION: The odds of psychiatric comorbidities and psychotropic medication prescription were more than twice as high as among U.S. military-affiliated AYA with PCOS. More research is needed to determine whether health-care utilization and military-related factors impact mental health outcomes among AYA with PCOS. Additionally, tailored, multidisciplinary mental health services for AYA with PCOS are needed.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Stable chloroform emissions in southeastern China: insights from recent observations.

Chloroform (CHCl3) is a short-lived ozone-depleting substance not currently regulated under the Montreal Protocol. Due to the unique meteorological conditions in East Asia, CHCl3 emitted in this region has a greater potential to reach the stratosphere and contribute to ozone depletion. As an essential component of national CHCl3 emissions, southeastern China has attracted increasing attention. However, long-term observational data in this region remain relatively scarce, with no updates since 2020. In this study, we continuously measured atmospheric CHCl3 concentrations at a remote monitoring station in southeastern China from 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2025. Frequent concentration enhancements were observed during the monitoring period, with mixing ratios ranging from 9.3 to 134.1 ppt and an average value of 36.8 ± 19.7 ppt. Back-trajectory analysis indicated that air masses associated with elevated CHCl3 levels primarily originated from coastal industrial provinces in eastern China. Using the Potential Source Contribution Function and Concentration Weighted Trajectory methods, we identified the Yangtze River Delta (Jiangsu, Anhui, and Zhejiang Provinces) and Jiangxi Province as dominant source regions. Emissions of CHCl3 in southeastern China were estimated using the Tracer Ratio Method to be approximately 30.1 ± 5.3 Gg/yr from 2023-06-01 to 2025-05-31, indicating overall stability relative to earlier estimates and no apparent upward trend. These findings provide updated insights into the current status of CHCl3 emissions in southeastern China and highlight the need for continued monitoring and emission assessment of CHCl3 in East Asia, given its unregulated status and implications for ozone layer recovery.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy of Oral Baicalin in Canine Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Baicalin has shown efficacy in various dermatitis models in animals. However, its therapeutic effects on naturally occurring canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) have not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of baicalin in dogs with cAD. ANIMALS: 56 client-owned dogs were enrolled. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All dogs were randomly divided to receive oral baicalin or placebo over a 90day period. All subjects had veterinary evaluations using the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI-04) during the trial and owners were requested to evaluate itching using the pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) and to complete a quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaire at Day (D)0 and D90. Additionally, the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), total serum IgE levels (IgE), complete blood count and serum biochemical results were measured at D0 and D90. RESULTS: The significant decreases in CADESI-04 (p < 0.001), PVAS (p < 0.001), TEWL (p = 0.014), IgE (p < 0.001) and QoL scores (p < 0.001) were observed in the baicalin group D90 compared to baseline. When compared to placebo, the baicalin group had significantly lower scores in CADESI-4 and PVAS (p < 0.001). A significantly higher proportion of subjects in the baicalin group showed a good-to-excellent treatment response (82.1%) compared to those in the placebo group (35.7%). The treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Baicalin had a significant benefit in alleviating pruritus and reducing clinical signs in dogs with mild-to-moderate cAD and was well tolerated.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Littoral and wetland vegetation decrease carbon emissions from dry inland waters.

Lakes are recognized as active components of the inland water carbon (C) cycle, as organic matter is processed by microbial respiration, inducing large carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions. In the context of long-lasting drought periods, large uncertainties remain about: (1) the influence of wet-dry cycle on CO2 and CH4 fluxes in littoral zones and lacustrine wetlands; and (2) the contribution of emergent vegetation to C fluxes in dry inland waters. At the water-land interface of two shallow lakes, this study focuses on CO2 and CH4 fluxes from vegetated and bare dry inland waters in relation to hydrological fluctuations. Three seasonal campaigns were conducted to measure daytime CO2 and CH4 fluxes in pelagic, littoral and wetland surface waters, as well as in temporarily air-exposed sediments, using floating and static chambers, respectively. Our results reveal that wet-dry cycle in the littoral zone and wetlands strongly influence gaseous C fluxes through contrasting patterns, especially in late summer, when the biological processes are most active (primary production and respiration). In air-exposed littoral zones, organic-poor sandy sediments presented the lowest CO2 and CH4 emissions, whereas in air-exposed lacustrine wetlands, water-saturated sediments accumulated high amounts of plant-derived organic matter, promoting intense microbial activity and the highest C emissions. However, amphiphytes and helophytes vegetation in exposed littoral zones and wetlands reversed the direction of C fluxes, inducing the highest CO2 uptake due to high photosynthesis rates. This study underlines the relevance of considering vegetation in dry inland waters, particularly in lacustrine littoral zones and wetlands, to obtain comprehensive lake C budgets, especially under climate change scenarios.

Wetlands↗

PubMed2026

Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water Supplementation on Exercise Performance, Autonomic Nervous System Recovery, and Blood Lactate Concentration During Repeated Sprint Exercise in Male University Athletes.

Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) supplementation has been proposed to exert anti-fatigue effects during exercise; however, its impact on exercise performance and autonomic nervous system (ANS) function during repeated sprinting remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of acute pre-exercise HRW ingestion on repeated sprint performance, ANS regulation, and blood lactate concentration. This randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study included 13 male university athletes (23.9 ± 2.0 years). Each participant completed two sessions of 7×6-second all-out cycling sprints interspersed with 30-second recovery intervals, with a one-week washout period between sessions. Critical flicker fusion frequency, heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and blood lactate were assessed at baseline, during exercise, and at 0-5 min and 10 min post-exercise. Compared to the placebo trial, the HRW trial demonstrated significantly higher average power output (d = 0.61) and significantly lower total work decrement and fatigue index (d = 0.62; d = 0.64). Post-exercise HRV recovery was significantly accelerated in the HRW trial, including RMSSD (d = 0.62), LF/HF ratio (d = 0.82), SampEn (d = 0.79), and DFAα1 (d = 0.79). Blood lactate at 3 min post-exercise was approximately 1 mmol/L lower in the HRW trial (d = 0.64). These findings suggest that acute HRW ingestion attenuates the decline in power output, accelerates ANS recovery, and enhances lactate clearance following repeated sprint exercise.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Exposure to size-specific particulate matter accelerates DNA methylation aging in people with HIV.

BACKGROUND: People with HIV (PWH) face accelerated aging and increased health risks, with DNA methylation age (DNAmAge) as a critical senescence biomarker. Particulate matter is linked to DNAmAge acceleration (DNAmAA) in general population, but its impact in PWH remains unstudied. METHODS: Thirty-two PWH from Wuhan, China, were enrolled in a prospective panel study with follow-up, and each participant underwent at least two repeated measurements during the study period. Portable air quality monitor measured PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 exposures 72 h preblood sampling. We analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation in peripheral blood and calculated six AA metrics. Linear mixed-effects and weighted quantile sum regression models evaluated associations between particulate matter exposure and DNAmAA. RESULTS: Significant associations between particulate matter exposure and DNAmAA were observed at various lag windows. For every 10 μg/m 3 increase in 24-h average PM 2.5 , Hannum DNAmAA, Pheno DNAmAA, Grim DNAmAA, SkinBlood DNAmAA, and Elastic DNAmAA increased by 0.266 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.035-0.480], 0.421 years (95% CI: 0.032-0.701), 0.336 years (95% CI: 0.073-0.546), 0.295 years (95% CI: 0.021-0.495), and 0.254 years (95% CI: 0.034-0.445), respectively. PM 10 contributed most substantially to the cumulative PM effect on epigenetic AA in the lag0-24 h window. CONCLUSION: Short-term particulate matter exposure, particularly PM 10 , significantly accelerates epigenetic aging in PWH, highlighting the need to integrate air quality management into healthy aging strategies for this vulnerable population.

China↗

PubMed2026

Pharmacokinetics of injectable favipiravir: phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy East Asian subjects.

Favipiravir, an oral antiviral medication, has been approved in Japan for the treatment of patients with novel or re-emerging influenza and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were conducted in an East Asian population to characterize the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of an injectable favipiravir formulation. In the single-ascending dose trial, subjects received a single intravenous (IV) dose of 300-2,400 mg of favipiravir. In the multiple dose trial, 1,800 mg was administered twice daily on the first day, followed by 800 mg twice daily for the subsequent 10 days, which is the approved tablet dose for SFTS in Japan. This multiple-dose trial was divided into a cohort receiving intravenous administration throughout the treatment period (IV cohort) and a cohort switching to oral administration from Day 6 (Switching cohort). After a single administration of ≤2,400 mg, the pharmacokinetic parameters increased in a dose-dependent manner but showed slight deviation from linearity. The geometric mean maximum plasma concentration following a single 2,400 mg dose was 126 (range: 110 to 138) μg/mL. In the IV cohort, the trough (at 12 h post-dose) plasma concentrations were maintained at approximately 85 μg/mL after Day 2. These concentrations were approximately 20% higher than those achieved with the same oral doses. In the Switching cohort, these concentrations were maintained throughout the treatment. No serious adverse events were observed. These findings support advancing injectable favipiravir into clinical evaluation.CLINICAL TRIALSThis study is registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials as jRCT2071210042 and jRCT2071210126.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of Sacubitril Valsartan Combined With Vericiguat on NT-proBNP and CK-MB Levels in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure.

This study aims to probe the influence of sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets combined with vericiguat on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) levels in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). One hundred and twenty CHF patients were enrolled and stratified into a control group (sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets) and a combination group (sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets + vericiguat). Outcome measures included New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class shifts, echocardiographic indices, cardiac injury markers, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), endothelial function parameters, inflammatory mediator levels, and adverse clinical events. Following a 6-month treatment period, patients in the combination group exhibited superior functional improvement, as reflected by greater advancement in NYHA class. Echocardiographic evaluation revealed more favorable ventricular remodeling in this group, with reduced left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters and an elevated ejection fraction. The combination group had a higher 6MWD. Biomarker analysis showed lower NT-proBNP and CK-MB levels in the combination group. Furthermore, improvements in endothelial function were noted, with decreased endothelin and elevated NO, NOS, and CGRP levels in the combination group. Markers of systemic inflammation, including CRP and IL-6, were also attenuated in the combination group. The incidence of adverse reactions and cardiovascular events did not differ significantly between the groups. Co-administration of sacubitril/valsartan and vericiguat enhances cardiac performance, optimizes vascular endothelial responsiveness, modulates heart failure-related biomarkers, and mitigates inflammatory activity in patients with CHF without increasing the risk of adverse events.

Humans↗