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Exposure to size-specific particulate matter accelerates DNA methylation aging in people with HIV.

Wei Liang·Lanting Zhang·Boxiang Wang·Huimin Ben·Zhengbo Ji·Zhihao Xie·Dong Hou
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: People with HIV (PWH) face accelerated aging and increased health risks, with DNA methylation age (DNAmAge) as a critical senescence biomarker. Particulate matter is linked to DNAmAge acceleration (DNAmAA) in general population, but its impact in PWH remains unstudied. METHODS: Thirty-two PWH from Wuhan, China, were enrolled in a prospective panel study with follow-up, and each participant underwent at least two repeated measurements during the study period. Portable air quality monitor measured PM 1 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 exposures 72 h preblood sampling. We analyzed genome-wide DNA methylation in peripheral blood and calculated six AA metrics. Linear mixed-effects and weighted quantile sum regression models evaluated associations between particulate matter exposure and DNAmAA. RESULTS: Significant associations between particulate matter exposure and DNAmAA were observed at various lag windows. For every 10 μg/m 3 increase in 24-h average PM 2.5 , Hannum DNAmAA, Pheno DNAmAA, Grim DNAmAA, SkinBlood DNAmAA, and Elastic DNAmAA increased by 0.266 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.035-0.480], 0.421 years (95% CI: 0.032-0.701), 0.336 years (95% CI: 0.073-0.546), 0.295 years (95% CI: 0.021-0.495), and 0.254 years (95% CI: 0.034-0.445), respectively. PM 10 contributed most substantially to the cumulative PM effect on epigenetic AA in the lag0-24 h window. CONCLUSION: Short-term particulate matter exposure, particularly PM 10 , significantly accelerates epigenetic aging in PWH, highlighting the need to integrate air quality management into healthy aging strategies for this vulnerable population.

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ChinaProspective StudiesFollow-Up StudiesHIV InfectionsParticulate MatterParticle SizeDNA MethylationEnvironmental ExposureEpigenesis, GeneticAgingHumansMaleFemaleAdultMiddle AgedDNA methylationHIVagingimmune-inflammatoryparticulate matterJournal ArticleObservational Study

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Wei Liang, Lanting Zhang, Boxiang Wang, Huimin Ben, Zhengbo Ji, Zhihao Xie, Dong Hou. 2026-05-25. Exposure to size-specific particulate matter accelerates DNA methylation aging in people with HIV.. https://doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000004554

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Adult subjectAging subjectChina subjectDNA Methylation subjectEnvironmental Exposure subjectEpigenesis, Genetic subjectFemale subjectFollow-Up Studies subjectHIV subjectHIV Infections subjectHumans subjectJournal Article subjectJournal Article; Observational Study resourceMale subjectMiddle Aged subjectObservational Study subject

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