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PubMed2026

Craniotomy versus Endoscopic Membranectomy in the Treatment of Non-Homogeneous Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Pilot Randomized Parallel-Group Active-Controlled Trial (EMiT CSDH 2).

BACKGROUND: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a prevalent neurosurgical condition with persistent challenges related to recurrence. Endoscopic membranectomy (EM) has shown promising results in managing symptomatic non-homogenous (SNH)-CSDH, but comparative evidence against craniotomy with membranectomy (CM) is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To compare the safety and efficacy of EM versus CM in managing SNH-CSDH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pilot randomized parallel-group active-controlled open- labeled superiority trial from September 2023 to November 2024 at Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, India. Sixty patients with SNH-CSDH were randomized into EM and CM groups. Recurrence was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included operative time, complications, radiological indices, pain, hospital stay, and functional recovery. All patients were followed for six months. RESULTS: No recurrence was observed in either group at six months. Two CM patients required reoperation on postoperative day one ( P = 0.15). EM was associated with shorter operative time ( P = 0.02), lower incidence of post-operative subdural residual fluid ( P = 0.015), better early hematoma reduction/subdural space reduction index ( P = 0.008), midline shift/symmetry improvement index ( P = 0.001), and lesser surgical site swelling ( P < 0.001). All patients were ambulant and had a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) 15 at discharge and at six months (including reoperated patients). Pain scores and functional recovery were comparable. EM patients had shorter hospital stays ( P = 0.004) and no significant complications. CONCLUSION: EM demonstrated favorable early radiological outcomes, fewer complications, and comparable functional recovery and recurrence versus CM in SNH-CSDH. Independent reproduction and larger multicentric trials are needed for validity and generalizability.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Assessing the Concurrent Validity of the Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile in a Methamphetamine Dependent Treatment-Seeking Population.

INTRODUCTION: The Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP) is a brief clinical tool assessing substance use, health and well-being used in Australian alcohol and other drug treatment services. It is validated for use with clients using alcohol, opioids and cannabis, but not yet for clients who primarily use methamphetamine. METHODS: An embedded validation study was undertaken in treatment-seeking adults enrolled in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of lisdexamfetamine for methamphetamine dependence with sites in New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. Participant demographics were collected during study screening. The ATOP and comparators (Time Line Follow Back, Opiate Treatment Index, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, WHOQOL-BREF and Personal Wellbeing Index) were collected at baseline. Continuous ATOP items were analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and dichotomous items were analysed using Fleiss's κ. Agreement was rated as strong where measures were ≥ 0.50, moderate where agreement was 0.30-0.49, and weak where < 0.30. RESULTS: One hundred and eighteen study participants (2018-2020) had data for concurrent validity analysis. Strong validity was demonstrated for physical health, psychological health, quality of life, injecting drug use and crime items, and for days of use for amphetamines, alcohol, cannabis and cocaine. There was weak validity for days of use for benzodiazepines. Heroin use days and other opioid use days were endorsed by fewer than five participants and were therefore unable to be assessed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The ATOP is valid for use in a treatment-seeking methamphetamine-dependent population, expanding the range of tools for assessment and standardised outcome monitoring across different settings and services.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C and Mortality and Organ Dysfunction in Severe Burn Injury: The VICTORY Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Severe burn injury triggers systemic inflammation that can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions and death. High-dose intravenous vitamin C has been proposed to mitigate these effects, but strong evidence in patients with burn injury is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of high-dose intravenous vitamin C in patients with severe burn injury. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial conducted across 24 burn centers in North, Central, and South America; Europe; and Asia. Adults (≥18 years) with deep second- and/or third-degree burns covering 20% or more of total body surface area and requiring skin grafting were enrolled between August 18, 2020, and September 12, 2025. Final follow-up was completed in March 2026. The trial was stopped early after the first prespecified interim analysis for futility/harm. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intravenous vitamin C (50 mg/kg every 6 hours for 96 hours) or matched placebo. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was a composite of 28-day mortality and persistent organ dysfunction (defined as dependence on mechanical ventilation, kidney replacement therapy, or vasopressor/inotrope support at day 28). The main secondary outcome was time to discharge alive from hospital within 90 days. RESULTS: Among 238 patients enrolled (mean age, 48.9 [SD, 19.1] years; 79% male; mean total body surface area, 37.0% [SD, 14.6%]), 120 were assigned to vitamin C and 118 to placebo. The primary composite outcome occurred in 49 patients (40.8%) in the vitamin C group and 35 patients (29.7%) in the placebo group (adjusted risk ratio [RR], 1.28 [95% CI, 0.99-1.65]; P = .06), crossing the prespecified futility/harm threshold and prompting early trial termination. Time to discharge alive from hospital within 90 days was not improved (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.62-1.16]; P = .31). Twenty-eight-day mortality was higher in the vitamin C group (15.0% vs 7.6%; adjusted RR, 1.96 [95% CI, 1.32-2.90]; P = .001), as was hospital mortality (23.3% vs 16.1%; adjusted RR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.03-2.00]; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with severe burn injury, high-dose intravenous vitamin C did not reduce 28-day mortality and persistent organ dysfunction and is possibly harmful. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04138394.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Clopidogrel vs Aspirin According to Diabetes Mellitus: A Prespecified Analysis of the SMART-CHOICE 3 Trial.

BACKGROUND: Recent trials support the superior efficacy of clopidogrel compared to aspirin monotherapy after completion of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, limited evidence is available in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of clopidogrel vs aspirin monotherapy according to the presence of DM. METHODS: This was a prespecified analysis of the SMART-CHOICE 3 trial, which was a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial comparing clopidogrel vs aspirin monotherapy in patients with complex coronary lesions or high-risk clinical characteristics. From August 2020 to July 2023, a total of 5,506 patients who underwent PCI and standard DAPT duration and had complex coronary lesions, DM, or previous myocardial infarction, were randomized to clopidogrel or aspirin monotherapy groups. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), which was defined as a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or stroke. RESULTS: Of 5,506 patients, 2,089 had DM (1,039 in the clopidogrel group and 1,050 in the aspirin group). At a median follow-up of 2.3 years (IQR: 1.6-3.0 years), DM patients had a higher risk of MACCE compared to non-DM patients (6.8% vs 4.7%; HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.10-1.87; P = 0.008). Clopidogrel showed a significantly lower risk of MACCE than aspirin in DM patients (4.5% vs 9.1%; HR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38-0.86; P = 0.008). There was no significant interaction between DM and antiplatelet monotherapy regarding MACCE (P for interaction = 0.124). The risk of bleeding was comparable between the 2 groups in DM patients (2.9% vs 2.9%; HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.57-1.95; P = 0.855). CONCLUSIONS: Among DM patients who completed the standard duration of DAPT after PCI, clopidogrel monotherapy was associated with a lower risk of a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, and stroke compared with aspirin monotherapy, without increased rates of bleeding. There was no significant interaction between DM and antiplatelet monotherapy with respect to MACCE. (SMART-CHOICE 3 [SMart Angioplasty Research Team: CHoice of Optimal Anti-Thrombotic Strategy in Patients Undergoing Implantation of Coronary Drug-Eluting Stents 3]; NCT04418479).

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Prognostic Value of Frailty in Aortic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Frailty Assessment Tools.

BACKGROUND: Frailty is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of outcomes after aortic vascular surgery, but assessment methods vary substantially and the optimal tool for risk stratification remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the prognostic value of preoperative frailty and compared the predictive performance of different frailty instruments in aortic surgery. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 27, 2026. Eligible studies included patients undergoing open, endovascular, or hybrid aortic procedures involving abdominal, thoracic, thoracoabdominal, arch, and proximal aortic diseases, including aneurysms and dissections, assessed frailty preoperatively, and reported postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty studies comprising 419,459 patients were included. Frailty was associated with higher early mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.54-3.14) and late mortality (hazard ratio 2.18; 95% CI 1.64-2.90). Frail patients also had increased risks of major complications (OR 2.52; 95% CI 1.22-5.19), acute kidney injury (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.34-2.02), and nonhome discharge (OR 5.50; 95% CI 3.05-9.92). Associations were consistent across surgical approaches and aortic segments. Judgment-based or phenotype-like tools yielded higher effect estimates than deficit-accumulation indices, although differences were not statistically significant; among index-based tools, Modified Frailty Index (mFI)-11 outperformed mFI-5. CONCLUSION: Preoperative frailty strongly predicts mortality, morbidity, and loss of functional independence after open, endovascular, and hybrid aortic surgery across different aortic segments and pathologies, including aneurysmal and dissecting aortic disease. Routine frailty assessment may improve risk stratification and perioperative decision-making.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Water intake, switching between bites and sips, and drinking behavior are associated with food intake across meals varying in spiciness: A secondary analysis of two randomized crossover studies.

Widespread nutrition advice instructs consumers to drink water with meals to increase fullness and reduce energy intake. However, recent data indicates greater water intake is associated with more food intake at a meal, not less. Switching between meal components (e.g., alternating between food and water), has also been associated with increased food intake at a pasta meal, but it remains unclear whether this applies to other foods. In a secondary analysis, we pooled existing data from 2 crossover experiments (total n = 86) where adults ate an ad libitum lunch consisting of 650 g of beef chili (n = 52) or chicken tikka masala (n = 34) with 450 g of water twice in the laboratory while being video-recorded. For both experiments, the spiciness of the lunch was varied by adding different ratios of hot:sweet paprika. Videos were coded to measure sip number, sip size (g/sip), drinking rate (g/min), and number of switches between bites of food and sips of water. As we previously reported, increasing spiciness slowed eating rate and reduced food intake; in secondary analyses described here, the reduction in food intake was not moderated by water intake, switching, or drinking behaviors (all p > 0.73). Notably, across all meals, greater water intake (p < 0.001) and switching (p = 0.02) associated with greater food intake. Overall, individuals ate more when they drank more and switched between bites and sips more often, highlighting the potential influence of water and drinking behaviors on food consumption. This finding challenges the widespread dietary advice to drink water with meals to reduce food intake.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Boosting kynurenic acid in kombucha via substrate selection: metagenomic and biochemical insights.

Kombucha is gaining global popularity for its health benefits. This study explored the use of chestnut honey, a rich source of kynurenic acid (KYNA), to produce kombucha enriched with this metabolite. Five variants were prepared using different green/black tea blends and carbon sources: white sugar or acacia honey (controls) versus chestnut honey. Samples were analyzed for tryptophan metabolites, physicochemical properties, and microbial diversity. Komagataeibacter and Enterobacter were predominant bacterial genera in SCOBY. Candida and Aspergillus were predominated in the single sample analyzed for fungi. During fermentation, tryptophan decreased, while kynurenine increased. KYNA levels remained largely stable during fermentation and were mainly influenced by the fermentation substrate. No melatonin pathway derivatives were detected. On day 7, chestnut honey yielded kombucha with 381.680-739.915 μmol/L KYNA and elevated myricetin. Overall, chestnut honey-based kombucha represents a system in which substrate composition appears to be the main factor influencing KYNA levels in the final beverage.

Kynurenic Acid↗

PubMed2026

A Qualitative Analysis of Cancer Survivors' Experience in a Time-Restricted Eating vs Control Clinical Trial to Address Cancer-Related Fatigue.

PURPOSE: To describe cancer survivors' lived experiences in a clinical trial that tested an individualized nutrition counseling with or without time-restricted eating to address cancer-related fatigue. METHODS: The Fatigue REDuction After cancer study was a two-arm, randomized controlled trial. Participants were adult cancer survivors who were 2 months to 2 years post-treatment. All participants received individualized nutrition counseling; those in the time-restricted eating group self-selected a consistent 10-hour eating window for 12 weeks. After the study, semi-structured exit interviews were conducted to gauge participants' experiences in the trial. Interviews were transcribed and two independent coders thematically analyzed the interviews using inductive and deductive coding. NVivo software was used for data organization and analysis. RESULTS: Participants (n = 24; TRE = 11; Control = 13) were 55 ± 13 years old, 75% were female, and they had a variety of cancer types. The majority of participants found that being in the study helped them to set and achieve lifestyle goals and would therefore recommend the study to others. Participants in the time-restricted eating group noted that time-restricted eating helped them set a better routine, providing a positive sense of control. However, some noted difficulty switching to a 14-hour fasting schedule, as it can interfere with their regular routine or employment schedules. Many participants noted they were happy that cancer-related fatigue was gaining more attention, hoping to find solutions for persistent cancer-related fatigue. CONCLUSION: The majority of participants found the study useful and, regardless of their group assignment or the intervention's impact on their fatigue, found the study helped them to gain better control of their dietary habits.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Global prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adults with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is considered to exhibit increased prevalence among adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but the reported prevalence estimates among such patients vary. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the global prevalence of MetS in adults with confirmed OSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for all primary studies published in English that used standard polysomnography for OSA diagnosis and reported MetS estimates. At least two reviewers independently screened for eligible studies, extracted data, and graded the risk of bias using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-randomised Studies. Three-level random-effects model was applied for the meta-analysis, reporting pooled prevalence estimate with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Pre-specified subgroup analyses and meta-regression were also performed. Heterogeneity was quantified using I2 and chi-square statistics. RESULTS: A total of 102 studies were eligible for inclusion (34 013 adults with OSA from 28 countries). The combined MetS prevalence was 55.4% (95% CI: 51.0%, 59.8%). Considerable heterogeneity was noted among the included studies (I2 = 97.8%), whilst the risk of bias ranged from low to high. Subgroup analysis examining the effects of geographic region, study design, MetS definition, and apnea-hypopnea index threshold showed a significant variation in prevalence estimates across most subgroups (p < 0.0001). Meta-regression analysis indicated a positive association between mean body mass index (β = 0.0772, t = 4.56, p < 0.0001) and MetS prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: MetS has a high prevalence among adults with polysomnography-confirmed OSA, underscoring the need for prompt MetS screening in these patients. Future longitudinal and genetic/mechanistic studies should investigate the factors accounting for this association. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD420251073055.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Diagnostic value of plasma cell-free DNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing in patients with suspected infections and exploration of clinical scenarios-a retrospective study from a single center.

BACKGROUND: Plasma cell-free DNA metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a non-invasive comprehensive method for the etiological diagnosis of various infectious diseases. However, research on the early diagnosis and real-world clinical impact of plasma mNGS in patients with suspected infection are still limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study retrospectively included 140 patients with suspected infections who underwent early plasma mNGS and conventional culture testing. Referring to the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases, the diagnostic performance of plasma mNGS and culture tests was compared, and the application scenarios and clinical effects of plasma mNGS were evaluated. RESULTS: The positive rate of plasma mNGS was significantly higher than that of culture methods (55.71% vs 25.10%, p < 0.001) and blood cultures (55.71% vs 12.86%, p < 0.001). Regarding clinical diagnosis, the sensitivity of plasma mNGS was significantly higher than that of culture (58.27% vs 37.80%, p = 0.002). The combination of mNGS and culture achieved a higher detection sensitivity (69.29%), especially in patients with multi-site co-infections (73.68%) and blood infections (73.17%). Plasma mNGS demonstrated higher sensitivity in patients with procalcitonin (PCT) index > 5 ng/ml or human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) index > 200 ng/ml. In terms of treatment, a total of 69 patients (54.33%) benefited from plasma mNGS. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the significant improvement in pathogen detection performance by combining conventional culture with plasma mNGS detection, especially in patients with multi-site co-infections and blood infections. Early use of plasma mNGS as an adjunct to culture can better guide clinicians to initiate appropriate anti-infective therapy.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

PdIr bimetallic nanozyme engineered metal-organic frameworks integrated dual-mode sensor toward Stx2 detection in food.

Shiga toxin II (Stx2) has attracted extensive attention due to its toxicity and pathogenicity, making the development of sensitive detection methods urgent. This study constructed a dual-mode sensing platform for the sensitive detection of Stx2 in food. Composite material UIO-66@PdIr with peroxidase-like activity and fluorescent properties was synthesized and combined with cDNA as the signal probe, while aptamer-modified magnetic beads served as the capture probe. Specific binding of Stx2 to the aptamer triggered the release of the signal probe, enabling colorimetric and fluorescence signal readout. The colorimetric mode showed a linear range of 0.05-100 ng/mL with an LOD of 0.039 ng/mL, and the fluorescence mode exhibited 0.01-1000 ng/mL with an LOD of 0.0097 ng/mL. Additionally, this method was successfully applied to the detection of Stx2 in food, and the recovery rates were 94.33% ∼ 102.20%. It indicated that the constructed sensor holds great practical potential for Stx2 detection.

Food Contamination↗

PubMed2026

Trends in the Prevalence of Foods High in Saturated Fats, Sodium, and Added Sugars among U.S. adults, NHANES 2007-2018.

BACKGROUND: Foods and beverages high in saturated fats, sodium, and added sugars (HFSS) are often ultra-processed and linked to poor health outcomes, but few studies have investigated their intake. OBJECTIVE: To describe the trends in the intake of HFSS foods and beverages between 2007 and 2018 in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, by sociodemographic characteristics and What We Eat in America food groups. DESIGN: This is a secondary, cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2018. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: The final sample included 27,984 adults 19 years of age or older from NHANES with at least one complete dietary recall. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes are the percentage of total energy intake from foods classified as HFSS according to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Nutrient Profile Model. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: To estimate the percentage of energy intake from foods and beverages HFSS, linear regression models with interaction terms between cycles and covariates were used. RESULTS: The overall intake of foods and beverages HFSS did not change, representing over 60% of the total energy intake between 2007-2010 and 2015-2018. The intake of foods and beverages high in sodium increased by 2.0 percentage points (95% CI: 0.5, 3.5) and 3.5 percentage points (95% CI: 1.1, 5.8), respectively. The intake of foods and beverages high in saturated fats increased by 6.1 percentage points (95% CI: 4.5, 7.6) and 6.1 percentage points (95% CI: 3.9, 8.2), respectively. The intake of foods and beverages high in added sugars did not change. CONCLUSION: In the U.S., intake of HFSS foods and beverages is high. Future research should focus on whether public health interventions and policies might reduce the intake of foods high in nutrients of concern.

Added sugars↗

PubMed2026

Insights into specific and nonspecific butyrate-producing pathways during the in vitro fecal fermentation of butyrylated starch.

Butyrylated starch is a special type-4 resistant starch with butyrate-carrying attribute. In this study, the unique butyrate-producing capability of butyrylated starch was deeply investigated by focusing on its specific and nonspecific butyrate-producing pathways, respectively, using specially designed substrates as controls. In vitro fermentation studies revealed that butyrylated and isobutyrylated starches generated high levels of butyrate and isobutyrate, respectively, highlighting the role of butyryl group metabolism in the specificity of butyrate production. Carboxylesterase assays have demonstrated that butyryl group metabolism is primarily facilitated by carbohydrate esterases expressed in the gut microbiota. Combined with 16S rRNA sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, it was found that butyrylated starch fermentation did not significantly enhance traditional butyrate synthesis pathways but modified the balance between the butyryl-CoA:acetyl-CoA transferase and butyrate kinase pathways by altering the gut microbiota composition, specifically by upregulating the relative abundance of indicator species such as Bacteroides, the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Parabacteroides. These insights offer theoretical guidance for designing butyrylated starch structures and regulating intestinal health.

Starch↗

PubMed2026

Blue light therapy delivered through light glasses improves sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in Parkinson's disease: A randomized trial.

BackgroundSleep disturbances, including excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and fragmented nocturnal sleep, are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and significantly reduce quality of life. This pilot study evaluated the efficacy of a novel approach using blue light, delivered via dedicated glasses with integrated LED lights, to improve sleep and non-motor symptoms.MethodsRandomised, placebo-controlled, single-blind pilot study with a 2-week light intervention. Participants were assessed at baseline, two weeks, and five weeks. The study was designed to evaluate between- and within-group changes. Participants were randomly allocated to receive blue light therapy (n = 15) or red light placebo (n = 15), delivered via LED-integrated glasses for one hour, twice daily, given for a 2-week period. Primary outcome was improvement in sleep quality, assessed via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Secondary outcomes included diary-based sleep outcomes, excessive daytime sleepiness, mood, anxiety, and motor symptoms.ResultsThere was a significant group × time effect with blue light therapy leading to better Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores (p = 0.021). Between-group analyses showed that at two weeks a trend toward significance was observed (p = 0.065), while sleep quality significantly improved at five weeks compared to placebo (p = 0.029) with a large effect size (0.896). Excessive sleepiness improved in the blue light group (p < 0.001), with a reduction in clinically relevant sleepiness from 50.0% to 6.7% (p = 0.005).ConclusionsBlue light therapy delivered through dedicated glasses appeared to show an improvement in sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in individuals with PD. Blue light therapy offers a promising alternative to traditional light therapy utilising lower light intensities and eliminating the need for light boxes.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

A point-of-use SERS assay for rapid detecting difenoconazole and flusilazole residues in fruit juices using Au/COF substrate.

We developed a ready-to-use surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for rapid, pretreatment-free detection of difenoconazole (DIF) and flusilazole (FLU) in peach and lychee juices. The substrate combines Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) with covalent organic frameworks (COF) and is implemented on a portable 25-well plate, enabling in situ testing. Juices can be directly applied to the SERS-active Au/COF composite, allowing simultaneous adsorption and signal generation. The correlation between SERS intensity and logarithmic concentration yielded R-values between 0.925 and 0.986, meeting the monitoring needs of non-laboratory scenarios. The entire workflow completes within 12 min, offering a faster alternative to conventional methods while maintaining high sensitivity and reproducibility. Detection limits reach 0.96-1.22 ppb for DIF and FLU, both of which are below the regulatory maximum residue limits. Distinct SERS fingerprints enable reliable discrimination of mixed residues across juice matrices, supporting rapid on-site monitoring and cost-effective pesticide surveillance.

Triazoles↗

PubMed2026

Effects of a programmed reflexology therapy on sleep quality, insomnia, and fatigue among individuals with poor sleep quality: evidence for autonomic nervous system modulation.

Poor sleep quality is closely associated with autonomic dysregulation and increased risks of cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental disorders. Foot reflexology is a widely used complementary therapy; however, its physiological mechanisms and comparative efficacy remain insufficiently explored. This study aimed to compare the effects of manual reflexology treatment (MRT) and foot massage equipment (FEM) on autonomic nervous system function, sleep quality, insomnia severity, and fatigue in adults with poor sleep quality. Using a randomized crossover design, 32 participants with poor sleep quality received MRT and FEM interventions for 6 weeks each (once weekly, 30-40 min/session). Heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and heart rate variability (HRV; time- and frequency-domain indices) were assessed at weeks 1 and 6 before and after each intervention. Subjective outcomes included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS). Following MRT, participants demonstrated significantly greater reductions in global PSQI scores and all PSQI components compared with FEM. MRT also resulted in larger improvements in insomnia severity and both mental and physical fatigue. In contrast, FEM primarily improved physical fatigue. Physiologically, MRT induced an immediate decrease in HR and significant increases in HRV time-domain indices (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50), which were sustained after 6 weeks. Frequency-domain analysis further revealed reduced LF, increased HF, and a lower LF/HF ratio, indicating enhanced parasympathetic activity and cumulative autonomic modulation. In conclusion, programmed manual reflexology, delivered according to the TIDieR framework, is more effective than mechanical foot massage in improving autonomic balance, sleep quality, insomnia severity, and fatigue in individuals with poor sleep quality. These findings support MRT as a feasible and evidence-based non-pharmacological complementary intervention for sleep health promotion. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov; NCT Number: NCT07402460; Registered 3 February 2026.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

PGPR inoculation and growth enhancement of crops cultivated in hydroponic systems.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are ubiquitous rhizosphere microorganisms that promote plant health through various mechanisms. Although the study of PGPR inoculants in soil has been done for ages, their application in hydroponic systems has received relatively limited attention. This review identifies PGPR inoculants that are commonly used in hydroponics, methods of application, and their effects on plant growth and nutrient use efficiency. Literature shows that PGPR inoculants improve plant performance in controlled hydroponic systems through the production of growth-stimulating substances, nitrogen fixation, and improved nutrient acquisition. However, the plant growth responses are highly variable depending on the composition of nutrient solutions, environmental factors, crop and microbe species, and the type of hydroponic system. The review identifies various challenges of PGPR inoculation in hydroponic systems and future research directions to address the current gaps. Generally, the productivity of hydroponic systems can be enhanced through advanced inoculation strategies and the development of suitable carrier materials to improve inoculant survival, viability, and functions. Emphasis should also be placed on designing system-specific microbial consortia and Synthetic communities that are tailored to the unique ecological conditions of hydroponic systems.

Hydroponics↗

PubMed2026

Oro-esophageal feeding for tracheostomized patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: This study reports the clinical effects of intermittent oro-esophageal tube feeding (IOE) versus nasogastric tube feeding (NGT) on nutritional status, aspiration pneumonia, decannulation, and level of consciousness in tracheostomized patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted between March 2024 and October 2025 in China and included tracheostomized patients with sTBI. Participants were randomized 1:1 to the intervention and control groups for 28-day interventions. IOE or NGT was used for nutritional supports, respectively. The primary outcome was nutritional status, including hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin and body mass index. The secondary outcomes included aspiration pneumonia, decannulation, and level of consciousness assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Generalized linear mixed-effects models, generalized estimating equations, and Cox regression were used for data analyze. RESULTS: A total of 104 participants were included in the analysis. After intervention, significant interaction effects were observed in hemoglobin (β = 5.272, 95% CI: 2.707, 7.837), albumin (β = 3.675, 95% CI: 1.854, 5.496), prealbumin (β = 11.835, 95% CI: 6.623, 17.047), body mass index (β = 1.719, 95% CI: 0.868, 2.569), the GCS (β = 0.981, 95% CI: 0.572, 1.390), and aspiration pneumonia (OR= 0.304, 95% CI: 0.133, 0.693). The Cox model revealed that group significantly influenced the decannulation outcomes [HR (95% CI) =5.556 (3.197, 9.657), p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: In tracheostomized patients with sTBI who received routine treatment, IOE is more conducive to decannulation and the improvement in nutritional status, aspiration pneumonia, and level of consciousness than NGT. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06328985, 03/18/2024, clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06328985).

Humans↗