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Boosting kynurenic acid in kombucha via substrate selection: metagenomic and biochemical insights.

Ilona Sadok·Ilona Jonik·Kamila Rachwał·Paulina Iwaniak·Katarzyna Wicha-Komsta
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Abstract

Kombucha is gaining global popularity for its health benefits. This study explored the use of chestnut honey, a rich source of kynurenic acid (KYNA), to produce kombucha enriched with this metabolite. Five variants were prepared using different green/black tea blends and carbon sources: white sugar or acacia honey (controls) versus chestnut honey. Samples were analyzed for tryptophan metabolites, physicochemical properties, and microbial diversity. Komagataeibacter and Enterobacter were predominant bacterial genera in SCOBY. Candida and Aspergillus were predominated in the single sample analyzed for fungi. During fermentation, tryptophan decreased, while kynurenine increased. KYNA levels remained largely stable during fermentation and were mainly influenced by the fermentation substrate. No melatonin pathway derivatives were detected. On day 7, chestnut honey yielded kombucha with 381.680-739.915 μmol/L KYNA and elevated myricetin. Overall, chestnut honey-based kombucha represents a system in which substrate composition appears to be the main factor influencing KYNA levels in the final beverage.

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Kynurenic AcidHoneyBacteriaFermentationMetagenomicsFungiAcacia honeyChestnut honeyFermented foodKynurenic acidKynurenic acid (PubChem CID: 3845)KynurenineKynurenine (PubChem CID: 161166)Melatonin (PubChem CID: 896)Metagenomic sequencingMyricetinMyricetin (PubChem CID: 5281672)TryptophanTryptophan (PubChem CID: 6305)Journal Article

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Ilona Sadok, Ilona Jonik, Kamila Rachwał, Paulina Iwaniak, Katarzyna Wicha-Komsta. 2026-07-21. Boosting kynurenic acid in kombucha via substrate selection: metagenomic and biochemical insights.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.150517

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Journal Article resourceBacteria subjectFermentation subjectFungi subjectJournal Article subjectMetagenomics subject

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