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PubMed2026

Effects of continuous isomaltulose-containing gummy intake on interstitial glucose and salivary hormones during an 18-hole golf round: a randomized, double-blind controlled pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Golf is a prolonged, moderate-intensity sport requiring sustained physiological stability to manage cumulative stress and maintain performance. Although carbohydrate intake is commonly used to reduce fatigue, rapidly absorbed sugar-induced rapid blood glucose fluctuations may induce volatile arousal and latent metabolic stress. Isomaltulose, a slow-digesting disaccharide, provides a steadier glucose supply compared with sucrose. This exploratory pilot study examined the effects of isomaltulose intake on physiological stress markers, glycemic dynamics, and subjective responses during a competitive 18-hole golf round. METHODS: Twenty-three male collegiate golfers were randomized to either the isomaltulose group (ISO; n = 12) or the sucrose group (CON; n = 11) in a double-blind controlled trial. Participants consumed gummies containing isomaltulose or sucrose immediately after each hole (12.1 g carbohydrate per hole; total carbohydrate intake: 217.5 g). Primary outcomes were salivary stress markers [cortisol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)] levels. Secondary outcomes included interstitial glucose concentration measured via continuous glucose monitoring, subjective assessments (i.e. sleepiness, relaxation, and concentration), and golf performance (18-hole score). Between-group comparisons at each time point were conducted using planned Welch's t-tests. RESULTS: No significant between-group differences were observed for 18-hole score (p = 0.38) or mean interstitial glucose concentration (p = 0.20). However, exploratory analyses revealed distinct hormonal variations; salivary DHEAS and testosterone levels were higher in the ISO group during the latter half of the round (p < 0.05), whereas both declined in the CON group. Regarding glycemic variability, the ISO group demonstrated a more stable glucose profile with a medium effect size for lower standard deviation (ISO: 14.7 ± 1.9 vs. CON: 16.7 ± 4.6 mg/dL; d = 0.58), although this difference was not significant. Conversely, subjective outcomes diverged; the CON group reported significantly greater subjective arousal (wakefulness and relaxation) (p < 0.01) relative to the ISO group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, continuous intake of isomaltulose-containing gummies during an 18-hole golf round was associated with differences in selected physiological markers, including DHEAS and testosterone concentrations. However, these findings were not accompanied by improvements in objective golf performance outcomes compared with sucrose-containing gummies. Isomaltulose may influence glycemic dynamics and hormonal responses during prolonged golf play; however, the practical significance of these effects remains exploratory. Further studies with larger sample sizes and appropriate repeated-measures frameworks are needed to determine whether such physiological changes translate into meaningful performance or recovery benefits.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Webcam-Based Real-Time Visual Feedback During Baduanjin Practice in Older Adults: 6-Week Pilot Randomized Study.

BACKGROUND: Baduanjin qigong is a traditional mind-body exercise used to support balance and physical health in older adults. Age-related changes in proprioception may make accurate self-directed performance difficult without external guidance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to explore whether webcam-based real-time visual feedback delivered during supervised laboratory sessions was associated with differences in webcam-derived 2D pose discrepancy and movement consistency during Baduanjin practice in older adults. METHODS: A total of 31 older adults were enrolled, and 28 participants with complete analyzable records were included in this complete-case dataset (feedback group, n=14; nonfeedback group, n=14). All sessions were conducted face-to-face in a supervised motion-analysis laboratory. Weekly 2D pose-discrepancy values were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model with fixed effects for group, categorical week, and the group-by-week interaction and a participant-specific random intercept. Joint- and movement-specific participant-level 6-week means were analyzed exploratorily using Welch independent-samples t tests. Holm correction was applied across 24 exploratory contrasts (6 week-specific, 8 joint-specific, and 10 movement-specific comparisons), and Hedges g and 95% CIs were reported. Participant-specific weekly slopes and within-participant variability were additionally examined to directly assess longitudinal error drift. RESULTS: The linear mixed-effects model showed no significant group-by-week interaction (Wald χ25=1.09; P=.96) and no significant overall week effect (Wald χ25=6.40; P=.27). Averaged across 6 weeks, the feedback group had an estimated mean 2D pose discrepancy 1.20° lower than the nonfeedback group (95% CI -2.38° to -0.02°; P=.046), although this marginal pilot finding was sensitive to an analytic approach. No week-specific contrast remained significant after Holm adjustment. Nominal right elbow, right shoulder, and right knee differences did not survive global Holm correction. Form 3 showed a lower mean discrepancy in the feedback group (mean difference -3.70°, 95% CI -5.86° to -1.54°; Hedges g=-1.30; unadjusted P=.002; Holm-adjusted P=.04). Direct analyses of participant-specific slopes and within-participant SDs did not support a significant between-group difference in longitudinal error drift. CONCLUSIONS: In this small exploratory pilot study conducted under supervised laboratory conditions, the 6-week trajectories did not differ significantly between groups. A marginally lower average 2D pose discrepancy was observed in the feedback group across the 6 weeks, but no individual week- or joint-specific comparison remained significant after multiplicity adjustment. Form 3 was the only exploratory contrast that remained significant after global Holm correction. Direct longitudinal analyses did not demonstrate prevention of error drift. Larger studies using validated reference measurements, prespecified outcomes, and adequately powered longitudinal designs are required.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Integrated proteomic and acetylomic analyses reveal the metabolic reprogramming associated with increased tylosin-equivalent concentration in Streptomyces xinghaiensis sf106-B1.

Deciphering the metabolic basis of high-yield antibiotic production in Streptomyces is crucial for strain optimization. Atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis of Streptomyces xinghaiensis sf106 generated a mutant with a 30% increase in tylosin-equivalent concentration (μg/mL). 4D-FastDIA quantitative proteomics identified 279 differentially abundant proteins enriched in the Type I polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway, with increased abundance of key macrolide-biosynthesis-related proteins. Lysine-acetylome profiling identified 1152 differentially abundant acetylation sites and revealed altered acetylation of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, suggesting adjustments in central metabolism associated with acyl-CoA precursor availability and energy generation. Integration of proteomic and acetylomic data suggests coordinated changes in protein abundance and lysine acetylation associated with the increased tylosin-equivalent concentration. These results highlight candidate nodes for rational metabolic engineering of S. xinghaiensis.

Streptomyces↗

PubMed2026

Proteome-level evidence that tebuconazole, both alone and in interaction with thiacloprid, affects epigenetic events in bumblebee heads.

Tebuconazole, a widely used ergosterol biosynthesis-inhibiting fungicide, can affect nontargets, especially when combined with insecticides. We employed label-free quantitative proteomics to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to sublethal concentrations (100 μg/L) of tebuconazole, either by itself or alongside the neonicotinoid thiacloprid (100 μg/L), on the heads of Bombus terrestris workers. A Bayesian factor power analysis revealed that the experiment produced conclusive proteomic results. Tebuconazole treatment revealed eleven differentially abundant proteins, which increased elevenfold with thiacloprid. The proteins that changed in the same direction in both treatments suggest the occurrence of epigenetic events because they are involved in histone trimethylation (H3K4me3), pre-mRNA processing, and folate (vitamin B9) metabolism. Following co-exposure, the abundance of histone H2A.V and its associated proteins was affected. Two important detoxification-related proteins, CYP6BE1 and CYP6AQ1 (honey bee homologs), were identified, as well as proteins that suggest hormonal and neurotoxic effects. Overall, this study suggests that tebuconazole affects key epigenetic processes in bumblebee heads at the proteome level, though this was not confirmed at the biological level or through orthogonal methods. The tested chemicals were previously found to affect trimethylations, but not H3K4me3. We suggest analyzing the different trimethylations, their interplay, and associated hallmarks, such as folate levels. SIGNIFICANCE: The effects of pesticides and their combinations on organisms can be unexpected until they are examined using modern, complex methods. High-throughput proteomics can provide data on important biochemical processes affected by pesticides, offering a different perspective to that at the expression level. Despite their low acute toxicity, a group of fungicides that inhibit (ergo)sterol biosynthesis (EBI or SBI) are considered dangerous to pollinators, including bumblebees. This is due to the increasing toxicity of insecticides through the inhibition of cytochrome P450 detoxification enzymes. We found that tebuconazole had a similar effect on epigenetic events when used alone or in combination with the insecticide thiacloprid. Key proteins suggest that H3K4 histone trimethylation (H3K4me3) was impacted. To our knowledge, this expands the existing evidence suggesting that tebuconazole/triazole fungicides affect histone trimethylation H3K27me3. Since literature shows that thiacloprid affects H3K9me3, it is possible that thiacloprid and tebuconazole interact in these epigenetic events that affect each other. Overall, our results suggest that tebuconazole affects proteins involved in histone trimethylation, pre-mRNA processing, and folate metabolism. These are all hallmarks of epigenetic processes and were further extended by the co-exposure of tebuconazole and thiacloprid to more differently abundant proteins. Additionally, the results provide data on cytochrome P450s of the CYP6 family, which act as detoxifying proteins, as well as proteins that indicate hormonal and neurotoxic effects in bumblebee heads. Finally, the results of the Bayesian power analysis confirmed the meaningfulness of the proteomic data analyzed in this study. If the new findings obtained at the proteome level are verified by different methods, the full extent of the side effects of tebuconazole can be revealed.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Remotely Supervised, Home-Based Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder affects over 280 million people worldwide, and access to effective treatment remains limited. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive option, and portable devices now allow for home-based delivery under varying degrees of remote supervision. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the efficacy, safety, feasibility, and acceptability of home-based and remotely supervised tDCS for depressive disorders. METHODS: Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 and PRISMA-S (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses literature search extension) guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane databases, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform up to July 2025, with backward and forward citation searching. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias (version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies, and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for qualitative studies) and certainty of evidence (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation; GRADE). RESULTS: This review included 12 distinct studies (16 reports), of which 6 (50%) were randomized sham-controlled trials forming the meta-analytic pool. Active home-based tDCS produced a small, statistically significant improvement over sham (pooled Hedges g=0.36, 95% CI 0.06-0.66; P=.03; I2=34.3%). The effect was not robust to removal of the single largest positive trial (omitting the one study from 2025: g=0.39, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.91), and trial-level results were mixed: the 2 largest trials (one unsupervised [n=210] and one self-administered [n=141]) were negative on their primary depression outcomes, whereas the largest real-time supervised trial (n=174) was positive (between-group 95% CI 0.51-4.01; P=.01). This estimate was concordant in direction with an independent peer-reviewed meta-analysis of overlapping trials, which reported a pooled Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale reduction (weighted mean difference -2.74, 95% CI -4.19 to -1.29) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale reduction (weighted mean difference -2.24, 95% CI -4.16 to -1.49), attenuating to nonsignificance (P>.05) in major depressive disorder without comorbid cognitive impairment. The pooled effect fell at or near the minimal clinically important difference. GRADE certainty was moderate. Adverse events were predominantly mild: one pilot study was terminated early for skin lesions, and one nonfatal suicide attempt occurred in an unsupervised trial. CONCLUSIONS: Home-based and remotely supervised tDCS produces a small, statistically significant but clinically modest antidepressant effect that is sensitive to the inclusion of the largest positive trial, with the 2 largest trials being negative. The available controlled evidence does not establish supervision intensity as a determinant of efficacy. Current data are insufficient to recommend routine clinical adoption; adequately powered trials with standardized supervision and longer follow-up are needed.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Morphology-engineered NiFe@C nanocages boosting electrochemical quantification of ractopamine in meat samples.

It is essential to acquire efficient electrocatalysts to develop ractopamine (RAC) electrochemical sensors. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of carbon coated NiFe alloy nanostructures (e.g., NiFe@C nanoparticles, nanocubes and nanocages) using NiFe Prussian blue analogue (PBA) as the precursor. The NiFe@C nanocages exhibited the best electrocatalytic performance for RAC sensing. This is attributed to the embedded NiFe alloy nanoparticles that provide abundant active sites, and the unique nanocage structure facilitates electron transfer pathways while offering a high specific surface area. The resulting sensor achieves a low detection limit (LOD) of 54 nM (S/N = 3) within a linear range of 0.2-12 μM. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates good reproducibility, stability, and excellent long-term stability. Practical applicability was confirmed in meat samples, yielding satisfactory recovery rates ranging from 98% to 108%. A feasible strategy was introduced herein for rational design of metal@carbon electrocatalysts.

Phenethylamines↗

PubMed2026

Exploring Implementation of Cantonese Radio Broadcasting as a Mental Health Promotion Initiative for Linguistically Isolated Immigrants.

Digital-first public health efforts often miss linguistically isolated immigrant communities because of structural barriers and stigma. Ethnic legacy media can reach these groups, but keeping programs funded and operational over the long term is frequently difficult. This Practice Note examines a Cantonese-language radio health program in "Los Angeles County" that ran 128 live broadcasts across a full 12-year Chinese zodiac cycle. Instead of a top-down clinical model, the show endured by acting as an informal community navigation hub. We examine two recurring administrative frictions: anonymous off-air calls about urgent economic needs (e.g., hotel job referrals) and on-air audience corrections of mispronounced medical terms. We argue these interactions should be seen not as disruptions but as measurable indicators of structural trust that sustain programs. We offer practical guidance for recruiting undergraduates to expand reach via ethnic print newspapers, using peer-recovery milestones to amplify impact. The note concludes with a pragmatic blueprint for health educators to manage professional boundaries, preserve commercial-clinical separation, and uphold cultural safety in isolated communities.

Chinese American health↗

PubMed2026

Lipid-mediated activation of BLT2 promotes membrane repair to prevent cell death.

Various pathogenic microorganisms produce toxins that create pores in cell membranes, causing cell damage and disrupting the host epithelial barrier. Recently, we reported that mice lacking the G protein-coupled receptor leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (BLT2), which is expressed in vascular endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells, are highly susceptible to pneumolysin (PLY), a pneumococci-generated toxin. Although we clarified the protective roles of BLT2 in vascular endothelial cells, those in alveolar epithelial cells have not been elucidated. Here, we report that lipid mediator 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT), which is produced by membrane-damaged epithelial cells, prevents cell death by promoting membrane repair through BLT2. BLT2 promoted the release of PLY-bound plasma membranes as extracellular vesicles in a sphingomyelinase-dependent manner. Additionally, BLT2 activated Rac1 and subsequent actin polymerization, leading to resistance to cell death. Furthermore, inhibition of 12-HHT production by aspirin and treatment with a BLT2 antagonist abolished the protective effect of BLT2. These findings provide a new therapeutic strategy for bacterial infection.

Receptors, Leukotriene B4↗

PubMed2026

Functional role and regulatory network of miR-22-3p in chicken hepatic lipid metabolism.

Although microRNA-22-3p (miR-22-3p) is abundantly expressed in the avian liver, its epigenetic role in lipid homeostasis remains largely uncharacterized. To elucidate its in vivo function, 14-day-old female Qingyuan Partridge chickens were intravenously injected with lentiviral vectors to establish miR-22-3p overexpression and knockdown models. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that miR-22-3p knockdown significantly elevated hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels (p < 0.05) and drove marked steatosis, whereas its overexpression reduced TG content. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) revealed profound metabolic remodeling, identifying 23 core lipid-associated genes (e.g., ELOVL6, FADS2, ACSBG2, and PTGIS) heavily enriched in steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and elongation pathways. In conclusion, miR-22-3p functions as a bidirectional epigenetic rheostat that negatively regulates hepatic lipid deposition by orchestrating a multilayered polygenic network, providing novel molecular targets for mitigating avian metabolic disorders and optimizing production traits in indigenous poultry breeds.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Long-term (>7-year) parental consumption of genetically modified maize (Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and EPSPS) induces no adverse sperm DNA methylation alterations across two generations of cynomolgus monkeys.

This study assessed the long-term safety of genetically modified (GM) maize from a male reproductive perspective, using a non-human primate model. We analyzed the sperm DNA methylation profiles in cynomolgus monkeys fed GM maize, non-GM parental maize, or a conventional diet over two generations (F0/F1). Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) revealed no significant differences in global methylation levels among groups. The identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were short, enriched in non-regulatory genomic areas, and did not cluster after treatment. Functional enrichment analysis showed that DMR-associated genes were consistently involved in the same core biological pathways (e.g., mTOR and Wnt signaling) across all dietary comparisons. These findings indicate that GM maize consumption did not induce specific adverse epigenetic alterations in sperm, with the observed changes reflecting common physiological adaptations to dietary variations rather than GM-related effects.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Flux rewiring enables native D-glucosamine production in Escherichia coli.

D-Glucosamine is an industrially important amino sugar used in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional materials, yet its production remains dominated by chemical extraction from chitinous biomass, raising sustainability and allergen concerns. Escherichia coli natively synthesizes D-glucosamine directly from D-glucose through endogenous metabolism, revealing an underutilized amino sugar biosynthetic capability. Building on this native pathway, D-glucosamine production was enhanced through targeted genetic modifications and systematic optimization of nitrogen metabolism and cultivation conditions, reaching 9.2 g L-1 under shake-flask conditions. This work extends a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation strategy previously developed for neutral rare sugars to amino sugar biosynthesis, demonstrating the broader applicability of this metabolic design principle. Phosphatase identity emerged as a key control point for product formation: YbiV was the most effective phosphatase for selective D-glucosamine production, whereas alternative phosphatases redirected flux toward D-sedoheptulose. This enzyme-dependent flux partitioning further enabled tunable co-production of D-glucosamine and D-sedoheptulose. Native amino sugar biosynthesis in E. coli provides a controllable framework for producing chemically distinct sugars through endogenous metabolism and establishes a generalizable strategy for engineering amino sugar and other nitrogen-containing metabolite biosynthesis.

Escherichia coli↗

PubMed2026

Inulin, Containing Frutco-Oligosaccharides, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale Scores in College Students.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) inulin on anxiety symptoms in college students. Forty million adults in the United States suffer from anxiety. Previous studies have viewed gut microbiota and its potential link to anxiety in both humans and mice. However, no previous studies focused on the effect of FOS inulin on college students. Fourteen subjects received 4.9 g per day of FOS inulin as the treatment (TX) or no supplement as the control (CON) for 28 days. Both the TX and CON groups were given the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7) on days 1 and 28. Both groups were also given a 3-day food log at the beginning of the experiment and otherwise maintained their regular diet. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in median GAD-7 scores in both groups (P = .017, r = .637 and P = .042, r = .587 for the TX and CON groups, respectively). However, when comparing the GAD-7 scores between groups, no statistically significant results were found. FOS inulin supplementation did not alleviate anxiety symptoms in college students participating in this study.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Targeting TP53 in triple-negative breast cancer: Molecular pathogenesis, therapeutic implications, and emerging pharmacological strategies.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a highly aggressive and therapeutically challenging subtype, defined by the absence of oestrogen, progesterone, and HER2 expression. Tumour Protein 53 (TP53) mutations represent the most frequent genetic alteration, occurring in over 80% of cases and driving tumour initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Mutant p53 proteins not only lose canonical tumour-suppressive functions but also often acquire gain-of-function (GOF) oncogenic properties that promote metastasis, genomic instability, and resistance to mechanisms like ferroptosis. This review examines the biological role of TP53 in TNBC pathogenesis and evaluates emerging pharmacological strategies aimed at targeting these vulnerabilities. Key approaches include the pharmacological reactivation of mutant p53 using small molecules such as APR-246, COTI-2, and the mutation-specific reactivator rezatapopt (PC14586), which has shown significant clinical tumour reduction in Y220C-mutant patients. Other strategies involve targeted protein degradation, the exploitation of synthetic lethal interactions (e.g., Chk1 or Aurora kinase B inhibition), and the use of natural products like cryptolepine or piperine derivatives. Recent clinical evidence further highlights the potential of combining epigenetic agents like decitabine with chemotherapy in TP53-mutant populations. Integrating TP53 mutation status into biomarker-driven treatment paradigms is a pivotal step toward achieving precision oncology and improving clinical outcomes for patients with TNBC.

Precision oncology↗

PubMed2026

Ancient DNA and Human Physiology.

Ancient DNA (aDNA) enables the reconstruction of chronologically sampled genomes from ancient humans, animals, plants, pathogens, and microorganisms, as well as environmental DNA, providing a record of biological changes through time. Improvements in short and degraded DNA extraction methods and low-cost sequencing now enable the generation of broad, cross-regional datasets that expand evolutionary analyses from past population demography to biological mechanisms. By tracking temporal shifts of allele frequencies, integrating functional genomics resources (e.g., gene expression, chromatin structure variation), modeling population demography to separate selection from genetic drift, and aligning genetic changes with archaeological, cultural, and climatic data, aDNA has the potential to link sequence variation to physiological function within their temporal and environmental contexts. In this review, we summarize illustrative case studies from aDNA research spanning complex traits, dietary adaptations, and responses to pathogens and other environmental changes, showing how human biology has evolved under multiple selective pressures through time. These dated signals help triage experimental work and expose mechanisms that are rare or absent in living cohorts. Although some challenges remain, such as geographic and temporal sampling disparities, limitations in data resolution and variant detection, and genotype-phenotype uncertainties, rapid methodological progress and stronger ethical frameworks are expanding what can be inferred, making aDNA a promising tool for refining physiological pathways, their timing, and their drivers.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Translational reprogramming of TGF-β signaling via TRMT61A-mediated tRNA m1A drives prostatic fibrosis and hyperplasia.

Dysregulation of the epitranscriptomic landscape is closely linked to pathological proliferation, but its specific role in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains unclear. Here, we identify the tRNA methyltransferase TRMT61A as a critical driver of BPH progression. We found that TRMT61A and global N1-methyladenosine (m1A) levels are aberrantly upregulated in human BPH tissues. Functionally, TRMT61A knockdown potently suppresses prostate cell proliferation and reduces stromal fibrosis, inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and reversing pathological remodeling both in vitro and in vivo. By integrating ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) and tRNA-seq, we observed that TRMT61A drives translational reprogramming. TRMT61A preserves the stability of specific tRNA isoacceptors (e.g., tRNA-Leu-CAA), which is required for the efficient decoding of mRNAs containing m1A-dependent codons. Consequently, TRMT61A selectively promotes the translational elongation of the key receptor TGFβR1. This amplifies downstream TGF-β/SMAD signaling and drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) without affecting mRNA transcription. In summary, our study reveals how TRMT61A drives BPH progression through TGFβR1 translation, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting epitranscriptomic pathways to reverse prostatic hyperplasia and fibrosis.

Male↗

PubMed2026

Genome-wide identification and characterization of ABC transporters and their expression in response to saline-alkaline stress and WSSV infection in Fenneropenaeus chinensis.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play crucial roles in stress responses across organisms, yet their functions in Fenneropenaeus chinensis remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified 42 FcABC genes (FcABCs) in the F. chinensis genome and analyzed their phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and chromosomal distributions. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the FcABCs into eight subfamilies (ABCA-ABCH), with conserved motif and domain compositions within each subfamily. Expression analysis showed that several FcABC genes, including FcABCG5, FcABCA1, and FcABCC3, were significantly induced under saline-alkaline stress in gill and hepatopancreas tissues. In contrast, most FcABCs were downregulated after WSSV challenge, though a subset (e.g., FcABCB1, FcABCC1) exhibited early upregulation. Functional validation via RNA interference demonstrated that knockdown of FcABCG5 increased shrimp mortality under saline-alkaline stress. Cis-regulatory element analysis revealed an enrichment of stress- and immune-related elements in FcABC promoters. Protein-protein interaction network predictions indicated potential roles for FcABCs in cholesterol metabolism and organic anion transport. Our findings provide insights into the roles of FcABC genes in stress adaptation and immune defense, offering candidate genes for the breeding of stress-resistant shrimp varieties.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Longitudinal associations between family factors and the neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes of children with congenital heart disease: A systematic review.

Family factors have been gaining increased attention in understanding adverse neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes for children with congenital heart disease (CHD). To clarify relevance, we undertook a systematic review of only longitudinal studies which assessed such associations. Comparisons with the contribution of disease/surgical factors were also made where included studies considered such. We included longitudinal studies which assessed dynamic family factors (e.g. parent mental health, attachment, family functioning) and later child outcomes. Searches were conducted across CINAHL, Medline-Pubmed, PsychInfo and SCOPUS Web of Science. The NIH Quality Assessment Tool was used to evaluate study quality and risk of bias. Eighteen studies, utilizing data from 11 study samples and 2109 participants, met inclusion criteria. These studies included samples from infancy, with follow-up periods stretching into young adulthood, and with various degrees of CHD severity. The quality of studies was "good" to "fair", with key limitations of attrition and limited sociocultural diversity in samples. Findings suggested that family factors predicted later child psychosocial outcomes and more consistently than severity of disease indicators. This contrasted with a much smaller number of studies examining family factors and child neurodevelopmental outcomes, where no reliable conclusions could be reached. Findings highlight the importance of screening and family focused interventions for this population.

Child↗

PubMed2026

Recent advances in Strongyloides screening, diagnostics, therapeutics, and management.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Strongyloidiasis affects an estimated 30-100 million people globally and can have life-threatening consequences in immunocompromised hosts, yet it remains underdiagnosed due to limited access and performance of available diagnostics. Novel assays and anthelmintics may reshape screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention for at-risk populations. RECENT FINDINGS: Advances in molecular diagnostics coupled with robust stool extraction methods have supplanted traditional parasitologic methods in settings where nucleic acid amplification is feasible. Transition from standard immunoglobulin G (IgG)-based immunoassays to the new IgG- and IgG4-based rapid diagnostic tests using recombinant Strongyloides stercoralis nematode immunodominant E antigen (NIE) and/or S. stercoralis immunoreactive antigen (SsIR) has facilitated serologic screening at the point of care. The World Health Organization now conditionally recommends community-wide ivermectin mass drug administration in highly endemic settings. Regarding new treatment options, moxidectin is noninferior to ivermectin with 93-94% cure rates and a longer half-life, while emodepside shows 80-90% predicted cure rates in early trials and offers a mechanistically distinct option. Understanding of immunosuppressed populations at risk for hyperinfection has expanded, prompting updated screening recommendations. SUMMARY: Serologic and molecular tools are improving screening and diagnosis, and moxidectin and emodepside may broaden treatment options, but data in severe disease and special populations remain limited. Priorities include harmonized screening algorithms and prospective studies in high-risk groups.

Humans↗