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PubMed2026

Transcriptomic responses to developmental temperature in two field-collected Spodoptera exigua populations from Korea.

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is a polyphagous insect whose development and seasonal occurrence are strongly influenced by temperature. However, transcriptomic responses to developmental thermal regimes remain insufficiently characterized in field-collected populations. In this study, we compared two Korean field-collected populations of S. exigua: a Haenam population collected in May and initially maintained at 15 ± 1 °C (HN), and a Jeju population collected in July and initially maintained at 27 ± 1 °C (JJ). F1 larvae from each population were reared under three fluctuating developmental temperature regimes: low (15-21 °C), middle (21-27 °C), and high (27-33 °C), followed by RNA-seq analysis. Differential expression analysis revealed population-associated variation in transcriptomic responses across developmental temperatures. HN exhibited a larger number of differentially expressed genes under the high-temperature regime, suggesting stronger transcriptomic sensitivity to elevated developmental temperature. Functional enrichment analyses identified population-associated differences in pathways related to heat response, oxidative metabolism, cytoskeletal organization, cuticle-associated processes, lipid metabolism, and immune-related functions. In JJ, heat-response and cuticle-related expression patterns were more prominent under warmer developmental conditions, whereas HN showed broader changes in stress- and metabolism-associated pathways under high temperature. Overall, this study provides a comparative transcriptomic analysis of two field-collected S. exigua populations under different developmental temperature regimes and identifies RNA-seq-based molecular response patterns associated with population-specific thermal response profiles.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Understanding psychosocial adjustment in military-to-civilian transition: A latent profile analysis of ex-serving Australian Defence Force members.

Military-to-civilian transition is a critical life stage that can expose veterans to elevated risks of psychological distress, social difficulties, and reduced wellbeing. Although psychosocial factors are central to successful reintegration, little is known about distinct patterns of needs among ex-serving Australian Defence Force (ADF) members. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify psychosocial needs profiles across five domains of the Military-Civilian Adjustment and Reintegration Measure (M-CARM) in a sample of 725 ex-serving ADF members. The optimal three-class solution identified: a Low Adjustment Need (LAN) group (20.7%) reporting minimal reintegration challenges; a Cultural Adjustment Need (CAN) group (42.9%) characterized by cultural adaptation difficulties, particularly beliefs about civilians and regimentation; and a Cultural and Psychological Need (CPN) group (36.4%) showing broader challenges across beliefs about civilians, purpose and connection, regimentation, and resentment and regret. The CAN group was more likely to be male, have lower educational attainment, and have no combat deployment history. The CPN group was similarly male dominated with lower education, and was additionally characterized by Navy service, unemployment or not being in the labor force, and medical discharge. Compared with the LAN group, both CAN and CPN groups reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and nightmare distress, as well as poorer quality of life and greater functional impairment. These findings highlight persistent reintegration challenges among veterans and support the need for stratified support models, ranging from psychoeducation to intensive multidisciplinary care, to better address diverse psychosocial needs of ex-serving ADF members.

Australian defense force↗

PubMed2026

Comprehensive source-risk assessment of organophosphate esters in surface water of the Dianchi Lake Basin, Yunnan, China.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers, have been increasingly detected in aquatic environments. However, investigations of their distribution in high-altitude plateau lakes remain scarce. Identifying and quantifying the sources and associated risks of OPEs are crucial for subsequent water environment management. In this study, an integrated source-risk analysis approach was employed by combining the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, the Geodetector (GD) model, and risk quotient (RQ). Analysis of 14 OPEs in surface waters of the Dianchi Lake Basin (DLB) revealed 12 detectable compounds, with total OPEs concentrations (ΣOPEs) ranging from not detected (ND)-64.6 ng/L during the wet season and ND-35.8 ng/L during the dry season. Elevated ΣOPEs were primarily observed at inflow sites in the northern part of the lake and in urban rivers. Source apportionment indicated four major contributing sources: agricultural films containing flame-retardant and plasticizer additives, traffic-related particulate emissions, releases from household and personal care products, and industrial production and applications of flame retardants in plastics, electronics, and related products (the predominant source). The ecological impact caused by OPEs ranges from no risk to low risk, with tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate emitted from industrial source being the primary driver of potential environmental risk. These findings highlight the necessity of prioritizing industrial sources in future management strategies. Overall, this study provides a methodological framework for source apportionment and risk assessment of OPEs and offers scientific evidence to support environmental management of OPEs in the DLB.

Environmental Monitoring↗

PubMed2026

Strategy for enhanced production of A40926B0 in Nonomuraea gerenzanensis using an efficient CRISPR/AsCas12f1 system.

The global emergence of vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive pathogens underscores the urgent need for efficient production of novel lipoglycopeptide antibiotics. Dalbavancin, a last-resort therapeutic agent, relies on its key biosynthetic precursor A40926B0, whose industrial manufacture is severely limited by the low yield of wild-type Nonomuraea gerenzanensis and inefficient genetic tools for this rare actinomycete. Here, we developed a high-efficiency CRISPR/AsCas12f1 genome editing system and applied systematic metabolic engineering to boost A40926B0 biosynthesis. First, conjugation conditions were optimized to elevate the transfer efficiency in N. gerenzanensis D11. The hypercompact AsCas12f1 nuclease showed markedly lower cytotoxicity than SpCas9 and enabled 100% gene deletion efficiency with preferred PAMs (TTTG, CTTG, GTTG). Second, we strengthened the shikimate pathway via multiple genetic strategies: overexpressing feedback-resistant DAHP synthase (aroG fbr ) and chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase (tyrA fbr ), as well as knocking out pheA. This manipulation blocks the phenylalanine synthetic branch and redirects metabolic flux toward the l-tyrosine branch. Third, we engineered the branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA) pathway via promoter replacement of bkdA2B2C2, LipAB, fabF and deletion of acdH to enhance isododecanoyl side-chain supply. The combinatorial engineering yielded strain B-13, which produced 1740 mg/L A40926B0 in shake flasks. Finally, 50-L fed-batch fermentation with continuous maltodextrin feeding further increased the titer to 1817 mg/L, the highest reported titer to date. This work establishes a robust CRISPR editing tool for N. gerenzanensis and provides valuable engineering references for precursor-oriented strain improvement targeting lipoglycopeptide antibiotics, offering insights for the industrial scale production of A40926B0.

A40926B0↗

PubMed2026

Toileting dysfunction in SATB2-associated syndrome: results from a caregiver survey.

BACKGROUND: Toilet training and continence are major developmental milestones, but children with neurogenetic conditions often experience extreme difficulties, sometimes never achieving full continence. These challenges impose ongoing burden on caregivers, especially as children age and require toileting assistance outside the home. SATB2-associated syndrome (SAS) is a rare genetic disorder in which such functional issues have not been systematically studied. We sought to assess bladder and bowel function in individuals with SAS and compare symptoms burden to normative data. METHODS: Caregivers completed a survey that included the Vancouver Symptom Score (VSS) for Dysfunctional Elimination Syndrome. VSS scores were analyzed and compared to published norms. Additional data included toilet training milestones, continence status, urinary tract infections, and bowel treatment history. RESULTS: Of the 32 individuals with SAS represented in the caregiver-reported survey, over half (53%) were not toilet trained, and only 22% were fully trained for both day and night (mean age at toilet training 6.9 years). The SAS group (n = 32) had a median total VSS of 16.0 (range: 6-30), indicating clinically significant dysfunction, while control data (n = 49) reported a median of 5.0 (range: 0-12, p < 0.001), with the greatest differences observed in daytime wetting, nighttime wetting, wetting extent, and fecal soiling. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with SAS experience markedly elevated elimination symptom burden. Findings support the need for early screening and intervention to promote continence and reduce caregiver strain. A clinical pathway is proposed for screening, evaluation, and management of elimination dysfunction in SAS.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Gut microbial diversity at baseline conditions the clinical, microbiome, and metabolic response to paraprobiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LRCC5282 in overweight adults.

The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a target for obesity management; however, whether baseline gut microbial diversity conditions responsiveness to microbiota-targeted interventions remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether baseline gut microbial diversity is associated with responsiveness to a paraprobiotic derived from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LRCC5282 (LP5282-P) in overweight adults. In a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial of 120 overweight adults, LP5282-P produced no significant between-group differences in any clinical outcome across the overall per-protocol population. However, in the low-diversity subgroup, LP5282-P was associated with significant reductions in body weight, body mass index, and circulating leptin levels. These clinical changes were accompanied by compositional shifts in the gut microbiota, including higher relative abundances of Christensenellaceae, Faecalibacterium, and Alistipes. Fecal metabolite profiles showed elevated acetate and butyrate concentrations and altered bile acid composition. Within the low-diversity subgroup, changes in the relative abundances of Akkermansia and Eubacterium were inversely correlated with changes in body weight, body fat mass, and leptin levels. In contrast, the high-diversity subgroup exhibited no consistent response across the outcome domains examined. Overall, baseline gut microbial diversity was associated with differential responsiveness to LP5282-P, supporting its potential use as a stratification variable in future microbiota-targeted intervention trials. Further studies integrating direct measures of microbial activity and host response are warranted to elucidate the biological pathways underlying this diversity-dependent responsiveness. Trial registration: Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), KCT0008119.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Nitrogen sources and concentrations shape algal odor compounds: Key drivers of β-cyclocitral and β-ionone in water bodies of the lower Yangtze River.

Taste and odor (T&O) compounds derived from cyanobacterial blooms pose escalating threats to freshwater security worldwide, yet the drivers of specific T&O metabolites remain poorly constrained. Here, we investigated the dual effects of nitrogen (N) sources and concentrations on the production of β-cyclocitral and β-ionone, two algal-derived T&O compounds, through integrated field surveys (54 sites across lakes and rivers) in the eutrophic lower Yangtze River, China, and laboratory cultivation of typical cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa and Pseudanabaena cinerea). Our field data revealed that the concentrations of β-cyclocitral and β-ionone in lakes and rivers were not significantly different, but increased with the trophic level index. Redundancy analysis and Mantel analysis showed that Microcystis and Pseudanabaena were potentially dominant contributors to β-cyclocitral and β-ionone in the water column. Structural equation modeling and variation partitioning analysis showed that enhanced nitrate (NO3--N) significantly promoted the production of these compounds. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that inorganic N (NaNO₃) maximized total T&O yields by promoting algal biomass, whereas organic N (urea and glutamic acid) elevated the T&O production per unit biomass by 1.5- to 9.5-fold. Notably, Pseudanabaena exhibited a 2.3-fold higher β-ionone yield than Microcystis, with greater sensitivity to N concentrations. Our study highlights the critical role of nitrogen pollution, both source and concentration, in the production of T&O compounds by phytoplankton and provides reference data for managing T&O issues in rivers and shallow lakes.

Norisoprenoids↗

PubMed2026

Protective association of the ELMO1 rs741301 variant against diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy: a systematic meta-analysis of case-control studies.

CONTEXT: Diabetes mellitus (DM), an endocrine disorder, is characterised by persistently elevated blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production. Diabetic nephropathy (DN), is a critical complication associated with DM, often leading to end-stage renal failure and increased mortality. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between the ELMO1 rs741301 polymorphism and susceptibility to DN among individuals with diabetes. METHOD: A systematic literature search was conducted for studies published between 2014 and 2024 using Embase, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Eligible case-control studies investigating the association between ELMO1 rs741301 and DN among individuals with DM were selected according to predefined inclusion criteria. Nine case-control studies comprising 880 individuals with DM and 1008 individuals with DN were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: The pooled analysis demonstrated a significant protective association between the ELMO1 rs741301 polymorphism and DN under the allelic model (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.67-0.88), recessive model (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.61-0.90), and dominant model (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53-0.88). In contrast, no statistically significant association was observed under the over-dominant model. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the ELMO1 rs741301 polymorphism may be associated with a reduced susceptibility to DN among individuals with DM. These findings provide evidence for a potential genetic contribution of ELMO1 to DN susceptibility and may help improve understanding of the genetic factors underlying diabetic complications. Further well-designed studies in diverse populations are warranted to validate this association.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genome-wide identification of the HSP70 superfamily in tropical sea cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus and their expression analysis under low-salinity stress.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperones that serve as indispensable core regulators in preserving cellular homeostasis and orchestrating organismal stress responses. The tropical sea cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus, a high-value aquaculture species, is sensitive to fluctuations in environmental salinity-a challenge that has emerged as a critical bottleneck limiting its large-scale commercial cultivation. However, no systematic investigation has been conducted to characterize the HSP70 superfamily in S. monotuberculatus and elucidate its functional roles in salinity adaptation. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide scan and identified 19 HSP70 superfamily genes in the S. monotuberculatus genome, with the HSP70IV subfamily showing remarkable gene expansion, containing 8 distinct copies. Phylogenetic analysis, conserved motif identification, and gene structure characterization demonstrated high evolutionary conservation within each HSP subfamily. These genes were unevenly distributed across the chromosomes of S. monotuberculatus, and prediction of cis-acting elements revealed that their upstream regulatory regions were enriched with numerous functional elements associated with stress response and immune regulation. Salinity stress experiments revealed that under severe low-salinity conditions (18‰), the expression levels of SmHSPA14L and multiple HSP70IV subfamily members were significantly elevated, while SmHYOU1D was significantly downregulated; in contrast, only subtle changes were detected in the expression of most HSP70 genes under moderate low-salinity stress (24‰). These findings strongly suggest that HSP70 genes, particularly the expanded HSP70IV subfamily, may act as key modulators in the low-salinity stress response. This work provides valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying salinity adaptation in tropical sea cucumbers.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

From premature adrenarche to adult metabolic risk and hyperandrogenism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONTEXT: Idiopathic premature adrenarche (IPA) has been associated with a higher risk of metabolic and reproductive dysfunction, but long-term/adult outcomes remain incompletely known. OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between IPA and metabolic syndrome, as well as polycystic ovarian syndrome, in premenarcheal adolescent and adult women. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies reporting outcomes in females with IPA after menarche. Databases were searched through February 2025. Primary outcomes included body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance markers, and clinical and biochemical markers of hyperandrogenism. Data were pooled using random-effects models. The GRADE approach was applied to assess the certainty of evidence. RESULTS: A total of 21 studies comprising 635 females with IPA and 307 age-matched controls were included. Compared to controls, IPA individuals showed significantly higher BMI (mean difference: 1.4; CI: 1.0-1.9), fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, indicating persistent insulin resistance. Markers of hyperandrogenism, including Ferriman-Gallwey score, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and Free androgenic index, were also elevated. Secondary analyses revealed higher triglycerides, lower high-density lipoprotein, increased leptin, and greater carotid intima-media thickness, supporting an early pattern of cardiometabolic risk. GRADE assessment rated most outcomes as low certainty. CONCLUSION: Women with a history of IPA are at increased risk of long-term insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, with early signs of adverse cardiometabolic profiles. These findings support the need for long-term monitoring in this population.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Branded packaging raises likelihood of cigarette purchasing in an experimental retail setting by increasing craving.

INTRODUCTION: Exposure to branded cigarette packaging in retail settings has been shown to be associated with purchasing behavior, but the mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. This study tested whether cigarette craving and perceived health harms mediate the effect of branded packaging on cigarette purchasing in a simulated retail environment. METHODS: Young adults aged 21-34 who currently smoke cigarettes (n = 290) completed an experimental shopping task in the RAND StoreLab, a life-sized replica of a convenience store. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: (1) branding present, in which branded cigarette packages were displayed; and (2) branding absent condition, in which branded elements were removed and packages were standardized in a brown-green color and uniform text. Cigarette purchases were recorded, and participants completed post-shopping measures of cigarette craving and perceived health harms. Causal effect decomposition analyses were used to assess whether these variables mediated the effect of study condition on the likelihood of purchasing cigarettes. RESULTS: Craving, but not perceived health harms, partially mediated the effect of branded packaging on cigarette purchasing. Exposure to branded packs increased the likelihood of purchasing by elevating craving (average mediated effect = 2.4%, 95% CI 0.2% - 5.0%, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Branded cigarette packaging appears to increase cigarette purchasing at least in part by increasing cigarette craving at point of sale. Interventions that address craving management in retail settings (e.g., just-in-time interventions, prn nicotine replacement therapy) may help mitigate the impact of branding on young adults' cigarette purchasing.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

An individualized nomogram for predicting progression-free survival in systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a multicenter, retrospective, and internally validated study.

OBJECTIVES: To develop an individualized nomogram for predicting disease progression risk in systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL). METHODS: Independent predictors of progression-free survival (PFS) were identified using Cox regression in a multicenter retrospective cohort of 109 sALCL patients (2010-2022). These were incorporated into a three-factor nomogram, evaluated via bootstrapped internal validation (1000 resamples), ROC analysis, C-index, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC). RESULTS: A total of 29 PFS events occurred during a median follow-up of 31 months. Multivariable modelling selected serum β2-microglobulin elevation, extranodal disease, and front-line chemotherapy choice (CHOP versus CHOPE or BV+CHP) as autonomous progression drivers. Upon internal bootstrap validation, the nomogram yielded strong prognostic accuracy, achieving AUCs of 0.81, 0.85 and 0.87 for 1-, 3- and 5-year progression-free survival, alongside a corrected C-index of 0.779 (95% CI: 0.699 - 0.861). Calibration plots showed close agreement between predicted and observed outcomes, while DCA confirmed superior net clinical benefit versus conventional IPI or Ann Arbor stratification across multiple decision thresholds. CONCLUSION: This first sALCL-specific nomogram integrates clinical and treatment variables to provide personalized PFS risk estimation. While internally validated, this exploratory, observation-based tool requires external validation and recalibration in prospective cohorts before clinical implementation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Causal Relationship of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids With Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

CONTEXT: Mental disorders (MDs) pose a important global health challenge, with a complex pathogenesis complicating treatment development. Nutritional interventions, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), have gained attention as potential therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE: This Mendelian randomization (MR) meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the potential causal relationship between PUFAs and MDs. DATA SOURCES: Genome-wide association study data were utilized to analyze the association between PUFAs (including omega-3, omega-3 percentage [omega-3%], omega-6, omega-6 percentage [omega-6%], and omega-6 to omega-3 ratio) and 12 major MDs. DATA EXTRACTION: Two-sample MR technology was used to assess the role of PUFAs in MDs. DATA ANALYSIS: The MR analysis revealed that genetically predicted omega-3 was causally linked to MDs, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder. Omega-3% exhibited protective effects against emotional personality disorder. Conversely, omega-6 was inversely correlated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder risk, while a high omega-6 to omega-3 ratio was associated with an increased risk of depression and other mood disorders. CONCLUSION: High omega-3 levels and omega-3% may reduce the risk of MDs, whereas a high omega-6:omega-3 ratio may elevate the risk. These findings highlight the potential of PUFAs, particularly omega-3, in MD prevention and treatment, while underscoring the need for further research into the complex interactions between omega-3 and omega-6. The study provides a scientific foundation for future clinical trials and dietary intervention strategies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO no. CRD42024598472.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Multi-omics analysis reveals stage-associated differences in gut immunity and microbiota between juvenile and adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

In vertebrates, the development of intestinal immunity is closely associated with dynamic changes in the gut microbiota. However, stage-associated differences in intestinal immunity and gut microbial communities remain poorly characterized in teleost fish. In this study, transcriptomic analysis combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to characterize intestinal immunity and gut microbial communities in juvenile and adult common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Transcriptomic profiling revealed marked developmental differences in intestinal immune function. Juvenile carp exhibited a predominantly innate immune phenotype, characterized by elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and lysozyme-related genes. This immune profile was accompanied by enhanced mucosal barrier function and a relatively pro-inflammatory intestinal environment. In contrast, adult carp displayed increased expression of genes associated with adaptive immunity, suggesting that adult common carp exhibit relatively stronger adaptive immune characteristics than juvenile fish. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated significant stage-dependent differences in microbial diversity and community composition. Juvenile fish were enriched with bacterial taxa potentially associated with innate immune activation, whereas adult fish harbored distinct microbial communities linked to intestinal homeostasis and barrier maintenance. Furthermore, correlation analyses identified significant associations between specific microbial taxa and innate immune-related gene expression, suggesting a close association between gut microbiota composition and intestinal immune characteristics in juvenile and adult common carp. Collectively, these findings reveal stage-associated differences in intestinal immunity and gut microbial communities between juvenile and adult common carp, thereby providing insights into intestinal immune characteristics at different developmental stages in teleost fish.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Variations in the viral hepatitis C prevalence and treatment status by material hardship and cumulative risk among people who inject drugs.

People who inject drugs (PWID) are disproportionately impacted by viral hepatitis C (HCV). Among PWID, homelessness, poverty, and material insecurity elevate infectious disease risk. We hypothesized a positive association between material hardship (difficulty accessing basic needs) and lifetime diagnosis of HCV, and a negative association between cumulative risk (material hardship and years since first injection) and HCV treatment. From 2021-22, we conducted a survey among community-recruited PWID that included items on HCV outcomes, material hardship (a sum score of usually (4) to never (1) having difficulty finding food, clothing, shelter, restrooms, and showers in the past 3 months), and years since injection drug use initiation. We developed a latent variable, cumulative risk, by combining individual scores of material hardship indicators and years since first injection drug use. Among our sample of PWID (n = 471), 246 (53%) participants reported lifetime HCV diagnosis and 27% of those who tested positive for HCV reported ever or current treatment (n = 67). In modified-Poisson regression, a one-unit increase in material hardship score was associated with a 3% (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01%, 1.05%) increase in odds of HCV diagnosis. In latent modeling, among PWID testing positive for HCV, a one-unit increase in cumulative risk score was associated with a 0.28 (OR: -0.28, 95% CI: -0.50, -0.06), decrease in the Z-score odds of receiving HCV treatment. Findings emphasize structural interventions to strengthen material security and co-delivering basic needs with health services to improve HCV-related outcomes among PWID.

HCV↗

PubMed2026

Biomass burning contributions to Mexico City's atmospheric CO2 estimated using a multi-isotope approach.

Fossil fuel combustion dominates anthropogenic emissions worldwide; however, special attention should be addressed to biomass burning, since it is an increasingly important contributor under warmer, drier fire-weather conditions exacerbated by climate change. These emissions could impact the atmospheric composition of heavily urbanized environments. To assess the influence of biomass burning, along with fossil fuels combustion and soil and plant respiration on Mexico City's atmospheric composition, we conducted a year-long (December 2023-December 2024) isotopic monitoring of atmospheric CO2, combining radiocarbon (Δ14C), CO2 stable isotopes (δ13C, δ18O), and CO/CO2 ratios. Once defined the isotopic signatures and the characteristic CO/CO2 that describe the sources, we performed Monte Carlo simulations under two tracer modalities (Δ14C + CO/CO2 and Δ14C + CO2 stable isotopes) for source apportionment. Results show that during the dry season, particularly in March-April, atmospheric Δ14C values approached and overlapped background levels despite Mexico City's fossil-fuel dominance, indicating enhanced non-fossil inputs. Moreover, backward HYSPLIT trajectories supported that these elevated Δ14C values coincided with regional wildfire activity. Monte Carlo results attributed up to ∼34 %-60 % of local CO2 to biomass burning in April, followed by March with contributions of ∼31 %-49 %. Since these biomass burning figures contrast with the official emissions inventory of Mexico City metropolitan area, which assigns <1 % of total CO2 emissions to biomass burning, this study could exhibit the emissions inventory underestimation of this source, and thus, the need to reassess and incorporate top-down isotopic constraints in fire-affected urban regions.

Mexico↗

PubMed2026

Multi-omics insights into the physiological mechanisms of bile acid accumulation in the gallbladder in brumation-like snakes.

Hibernation/brumation represents an important physiological adaptation for animals to cope with seasonal environmental changes. Field observations suggested increased gallbladder weight in the Five-pacer viper (Deinagkistrodon acutus) during brumation, and our quantitative measurements confirmed this increase together with bile acid accumulation. By integrating a multi-omic approach, this study elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of bile acid accumulation in the gallbladder during brumation. Results showed that taurocholic acid (TCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) were the major components in the gallbladder of the brumation-like group, with significantly elevated concentrations of bile acids, whereas bile acid concentrations in serum and intestinal contents were markedly reduced, indicating suppression of the enterohepatic circulation and consequent accumulation of bile acids in the gallbladder. Hepatic transcriptomic analysis revealed significant downregulation of bile acid synthesis and regulatory genes in brumation-like snakes. In contrast, the alternative synthesis pathway gene sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and some transporter genes were slightly upregulated. Further, some modification genes and regulatory genes showed no significant differences between active and brumation-like states. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides fragilis, and Citrobacter freundii were more enriched in the active group, which were common microbes related to bile acid metabolism, and the correlation analysis confirmed this relationship. Taken together, these findings indicate that the "physiological bile acid accumulation" observed in snakes during brumation-like state is jointly driven by suppressed hepatic synthesis, reduced enterohepatic circulation, and remodeled microbial community structure. The study provides novel comparative physiological insights into extreme metabolic homeostasis in animals.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Integration of single-cell transcriptomics and genomic mutation analysis identifies an immunotherapy-resistant tumor subcluster and validates ARNTL2 as a malignant driver in lung adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Immunotherapy resistance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a critical clinical challenge, and the mechanisms underlying resistance-associated intratumoral heterogeneity are poorly characterized. METHODS: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of LUAD patients receiving neoadjuvant immunotherapy (responders vs. non-responders), integrating inferCNV, GSVA, and differential expression analyses. Cluster-specific genes were validated across seven independent cohorts (TCGA-LUAD, GSE13213, GSE26939, GSE29016, GSE30219, GSE31210, GSE42127). A multi-algorithm machine learning framework was used to construct a prognostic model, and the immune microenvironment was characterized using TCIA scoring, seven infiltration algorithms, and ESTIMATE. ARNTL2 function was assessed by CCK-8 and Transwell assays in A549 and H1299 cells. RESULTS: Non-responders showed significant enrichment of epithelial cells, depletion of cytotoxic T/NK cells, and elevated copy number variation burden versus responders (p < 0.0001). A resistance-enriched malignant subcluster (Cluster 2) exhibited hyperproliferative and metabolic reprogramming signatures with upregulated KRT17, S100A2, and CST6, which showed tumor-specific overexpression, adverse prognostic value, and genomic amplification across cohorts. CoxBoost combined with survivalSVM achieved optimal predictive performance (C-index = 0.686), yielding robust risk stratification (HR: 2.54-10.51, all p < 0.05). Low-risk patients showed greater immune infiltration and higher TCIA immunophenoscores. ARNTL2 was an independent prognostic factor (HR: 2.07-4.64) strongly correlated with risk score (r = 0.69), and its knockdown suppressed proliferation and invasion in both LUAD cell lines (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study identifies a resistance-associated malignant subcluster in LUAD, constructs a validated CoxBoost + survivalSVM prognostic model with robust immune stratification, and establishes ARNTL2 as a core oncogenic driver and therapeutic target.

ARNTL2↗