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PubMed2026

The global prevalence of horizontal strabismus: A systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on ethnic variation.

The prevalence of the 2 types of horizontal strabismus, esotropia and exotropia, varies considerably between studies. This variability has been attributed to factors such as geography/environment, research methodology, age of study subjects, and/or ethnicity. Comprehensive estimates of regional and global prevalences of esotropia and exotropia are lacking, making it difficult to recognize true patterns, trends, and etiologies. We compile prevalences and ratios of esotropia to exotropia from 315 population-based studies and 374 clinic-based studies. We analyze data to assess effects of ethnicity, geography, age, and we identify generational changes of horizontal strabismus. Major ethnicities differ in patterns and ratios of esotropia and exotropia prevalence, not only in Caucasians and East Asians, but also Latinos/Hispanics, South Asians, Africans, and Native Americans. Compared to population-based studies, clinic-based studies underestimate exotropia frequency. By weighing prevalences according to the population size of ethnicities, we estimate the worldwide prevalence of horizontal strabismus in the current generation at 1.81% (138.5 million people), comprising 60.0 million people with esotropia (0.67%) and 87.5 million with exotropia (1.14%). In the previous generation, the worldwide prevalence of horizontal strabismus was 1.64% (86.5 million people), comprising 50.5 million with esotropia (0.96%) and 36.0 million with exotropia (0.68%). Esotropia and exotropia prevalences differ between generations within the same ethnicity, indicating that extrinsic factors can modify the underlying intrinsic (genetic) disposition.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Space to grieve and grow: A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for people newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review synthesized evidence from intervention studies published over the past 25 years that aimed to improve coping and psychosocial well-being among individuals early in the multiple sclerosis (MS) disease course. The goal was to evaluate intervention characteristics, theoretical foundations, and psychosocial outcomes, and to identify gaps for future research. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science (2000-2025). Eligible studies included quantitative or mixed-methods interventions that addressed coping or psychosocial well-being among adults newly diagnosed with MS. Data extraction and quality assessment were completed independently by multiple reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. RESULTS: Seven studies (n = 345) met inclusion criteria, representing cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, acceptance-based, and nurse- or peer-delivered interventions. The interval between diagnosis and intervention enrollment ranged from 14 days to >4 years, suggesting different phases of adjustment. All interventions produced significant short-term improvements in at least one psychosocial domain (e.g., anxiety, depression, stress, coping, or illness acceptance). However, sustained effects beyond 6-12 months were inconsistent. Common mechanisms across interventions included enhancing self-efficacy, stress management, and adaptive coping. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence suggests that brief psychosocial interventions for adults in the early years after MS diagnosis are feasible and may provide short-term benefits for selected psychosocial outcomes. However, the evidence base remains limited, heterogeneous, and preliminary. Future studies should more clearly define diagnosis timing, use adequately powered designs and longer follow-up, and examine mechanisms of change.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Barriers and Facilitators of Help-Seeking for LGBTQ+ Survivors of Sexual Violence: A Systematic Review.

People who identify as LGBTQ+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, plus) are known to experience similar or higher levels of sexual violence compared to their heterosexual cisgender counterparts. However, sexual violence research has largely focused on heterosexual female survivors of male perpetrated crime. Thus, the unique support needs and help-seeking patterns of LGBTQ+ survivors are poorly understood. This review addresses this gap by systematically exploring literature on barriers and facilitators to help-seeking for LGBTQ+ survivors of sexual violence. Four databases (PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science) were searched to identify relevant material, with 35 articles (30 qualitative, 1 quantitative, and 4 mixed-methods) meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and analyzed using a narrative synthesis. The topic was investigated almost exclusively cross-sectionally. Barriers included discrimination experiences, myths and stereotypes, feelings of shame and self-blame, and rejection of victim status. Additional barriers were reported by survivors who hold multiple minority identities, in particular LGBTQ+ people of color and sex workers. Facilitators to help-seeking included the intrinsic need to connect with others, social encouragement and empowerment, and positive disclosure experiences. The Power Threat Meaning framework provides insight into these findings by presenting help-seeking behaviors as adaptive responses to increase a sense of safety following a traumatic experience. The analyzed data indicate several implications for the development and improvement services to support LGBTQ+ survivors. They further serve to highlight the need for additional robust research, conducted with an intersectional lens, to explore the needs of sexual and gender minority survivors of sexual violence.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Pesticide occurrence, transformation, and transport from wastewater treatment plants into stream networks with diverse land uses.

Neonicotinoid insecticides and strobilurin fungicides are detected in many environmental compartments and have been associated with negative environmental and human health implications. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are often hotspots for introducing such contaminants into the environment. Therefore, the occurrence of strobilurin fungicides, neonicotinoids, and their metabolites at two WWTPs with varying land uses and population sizes was investigated. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers were deployed in WWTP influent and effluent and placed upstream and downstream of the effluent mixing zone for 2 weeks in April and July 2022. Biosolids were also collected at each time point. Neonicotinoids were detected with the highest frequency (68%), followed by strobilurin fungicides (49%) and neonicotinoid metabolites (31%). Time-weighted average concentrations for influent/effluent ranged from 85.2 ± 87.8 to 409.4 ± 74.5 ng/L. Pesticide concentrations, specifically the metabolites, typically increased from influent to effluent, resulting in effluent having higher pesticide loads than influent. Pesticide concentrations varied between the upstream and downstream monitoring locations by analyte, with WWTP samples in the highly developed region having significantly higher concentrations of pesticides and less variation by monitoring period. Chronic ecotoxicity benchmarks for freshwater invertebrates for imidacloprid were surpassed in treated effluent at both WWTPs in July and in the downstream monitoring location in the heavily developed area. Findings support the need for further exploration of pesticide contributions from WWTPs to river systems, specifically related to metabolite contributions to downstream streams and their effects on aquatic environments.

Water Pollutants, Chemical↗
PubMed2026

Germline variants and impact on lung cancer outcomes following chemotherapy: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer deaths in the UK and globally, and the main subtypes are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Many treatment options are available, with platinum-based chemotherapy being a key component for many patients. However, variation in survival outcomes exists among individuals of European ancestry, which makes it important to identify germline genetic variants that help guide decision-making and optimise patient treatment and outcomes. METHOD: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science for lung cancer studies investigating the impact of germline genetic variants on systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) outcomes in populations of European ancestry. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and Synthesis without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies were included in the review out of 4469 on NSCLC and SCLC, encompassing 3639 patients. The most thoroughly investigated area was NSCLC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Genetic variants associated with overall survival and/or progression-free survival included XPD Lys751Gln, XPD Asp312Asn, ERCC1 C118T, and XRCC1 Arg399Gln. For non-platinum-treated NSCLC and SCLC, there was insufficient evidence to conduct a meaningful investigation. CONCLUSION: The XPD Lys751Gln, XPD Asp312Asn, ERCC1 C118T, and XRCC1 Arg399Gln variants showed potential associations with survival outcomes among patients of European ancestry with NSCLC after platinum-based chemotherapy. To support clinical implementation, large real-world pharmacogenomics studies stratified by ancestry are needed to overcome statistical power and heterogeneity limitations.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Accurate quantification of canine mitochondrial DNA copy number from canine blood and brain samples.

Acute brain injury is difficult to evaluate in veterinary medicine and tools to investigate the potential involvement of mitochondrial involvement are limited. The brain is highly enriched in mitochondria and contains thousands of copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) per cell, but robust methods for quantifying mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) in canine tissues are lacking. We describe the development of a quantitative real-time PCR assay for absolute measurement of mtDNA-CN which was validated in canine blood and brain tissue. To minimize amplification of nuclear mitochondrial insertion sequences (NumtS) and repetitive regions, species-specific oligonucleotide primers were designed following in silico genomic filtering. The assay was applied to a small pilot cohort comprising blood samples from dogs with and without acute brain injury (n = 4-6 per group) and cerebral cortex samples (n = 1 per group) to assess feasibility and biological plausibility. In non-brain injury dogs, blood mtDNA-CN ranged from 98 to 288 copies per nuclear genome (mean 193 ± 72), while values in brain-injured cases ranged from 163 to 228 copies per genome (mean 200 ± 33). Cerebral cortex samples exhibited higher mtDNA-CN than blood, consistent with known tissue-specific mitochondrial enrichment. In a single brain-injured case with serial sampling, mtDNA-CN increased over five days. This study presents a validated assay and pilot data for mtDNA-CN quantification in canine samples. While not powered for biomarker evaluation, this method may enable future studies of mitochondrial dynamics in canine brain injury and metabolic disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Routine methods misidentify Serratia spp.: Limitations of MALDI-TOF MS revealed by whole-genome sequencing.

Accurate species-level identification within the genus Serratia remains challenging due to extensive phenotypic overlap and high genomic relatedness among closely related and recently described taxa. This study presents an evaluation of routine and genome-based identification approaches applied to clinical Serratia isolates, integrating phenotypic assays, MALDI-TOF MS (Bruker Daltonics), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS). A total of 103 isolates collected from a teaching hospital were analyzed. WGS was performed on a subset of isolates. Conventional biochemical methods classified all isolates as Serratia marcescens, whereas MALDI-TOF MS identified 60.1% as S. marcescens, 11.6% as S. ureilytica, and 28.1% just at the genus level. Peak analysis from MALDI-TOF MS revealed specific peaks associated with S. marcescens and S. ureilytica, but limited discriminatory power. WGS of six isolates initially identified as S. ureilytica by MALDI-TOF MS revealed reclassification as Serratia sarumanii (n = 5) and Serratia montpellierensis (n = 1), supported by Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI), Average Amino Acid Identity (AAI), and Digital DNA-DNA Hybridization (dDDH) thresholds. In contrast, 16S rRNA analysis showed limited species-level resolution. Phylogenomic and SNP-based analyses confirmed these classifications with strong support. Overall, this study underscores the critical role of high-resolution genomic approaches for precise species identification and highlights the need for continuous expansion and curation of MALDI-TOF MS reference databases to support reliable clinical diagnostics and epidemiological surveillance of emerging Serratia species.

Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorpti↗
PubMed2026

Music therapy in artificial insemination by husband: Effects on psychological distress and clinical pregnancy rate.

BACKGROUND: Infertility treatment can be psychologically burdensome. Evidence on music listening during artificial insemination by husband (AIH) remains limited. We evaluated whether a standardized periprocedural music intervention reduced psychological distress and explored its association with clinical pregnancy. METHODS: In this single-center, open-label randomized trial, 254 women undergoing AIH were allocated 1:1 to routine care or routine care plus two 30-minute music-listening sessions, immediately before and after AIH. The prespecified primary outcome was the continuous 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) score at follow-up; clinical pregnancy was secondary. DASS-21 was completed at baseline and at day 35 after AIH. Clinical pregnancy was assessed by ultrasonography at days 30 to 35. RESULTS: Continuous DASS-21 anxiety, depression, and stress scores did not differ between groups after adjustment for baseline scores (all P ≥ .868). Absolute postintervention differences were 0.01 point or less for anxiety and depression and 0.08 point for stress, indicating neither statistical nor clinically meaningful improvement. Clinical pregnancy occurred in 34/127 participants (26.77%) in the intervention group and 14/127 (11.02%) in the control group (exploratory secondary outcome; P = .001). CONCLUSION: The intervention did not improve the primary psychological outcome. The higher clinical pregnancy rate is hypothesis-generating because the trial was not powered for pregnancy, the proposed psychological mechanism was not demonstrated, and nonspecific attention and other unmeasured factors cannot be excluded. Replication using an attention-matched control, immediate state-anxiety and physiological measures, participant-preference assessment, and live-birth follow-up is required.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

The effects of visuomotor training and tDCS stimulation on visuomotor integration and visual processing: an electrophysiological approach.

BACKGROUND: Visuomotor integration coordinates visual and motor cortical activity to produce goal-directed responses and can be indexed by Rolandic Mu-rhythm suppression and visual evoked potential (VEP) P100 parameters. Perceptual-motor training improves visuomotor performance, and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over primary motor cortex (M1) has been reported to enhance motor learning when paired with training. This study examined whether anodal M1 tDCS augments the effects of Senaptec visuomotor training in healthy adults. METHODS: Sixty participants were randomized to active anodal tDCS (five 10-minute sessions, 1 mA; n = 31) or sham (n = 29) over M1 immediately before each Senaptec training session; 53 completed all sessions and post-testing. Outcomes were Mu-suppression ratios, VEP P100 latency and amplitude, and Senaptec measures of visual sensitivity and visuomotor control. RESULTS: Active tDCS produced no augmentation of any outcome, with no significant group × time interaction for any measure, consistent across composite and task-level analyses. Training alone produced no change in Mu suppression or visuomotor control. By contrast, both groups showed significant training-related gains in visual sensitivity, including near-far quickness and stereopsis, accompanied by shorter P100 latencies and larger amplitudes, indicating more efficient early visual processing. CONCLUSIONS: A clear dissociation emerged: training produced robust improvements in early visual processing, whereas neither tDCS nor training altered sensorimotor (Mu) or visuomotor-control measures. The tDCS results should be interpreted cautiously given the modest dose and limited power to detect small effects, rather than as evidence of inefficacy. Tablet-based perceptual training enhanced visual processing independent of neuromodulation.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

IMPROVE kidney care: perspectives from marginalised people with CKD and risk factors for CKD on access to, and experience of, kidney care services: a cross-sector collaborative exploration, employing qualitative approaches.

BACKGROUND: Access to, and experience of, chronic kidney disease (CKD) care is inequitable-with barriers to accessing quality care for marginalised groups. We conducted an exploratory study employing qualitative approaches to understand the factors that influence access to, and experience of, healthcare services for marginalised people with CKD and at risk of CKD. METHODS: An exploratory study employing qualitative approaches was conducted as a cross-sector collaboration between kidney care services and an activist, antiracist community-based research and social justice organisation (Mabadiliko Community Interest Company (CIC)). Two groups were recruited: 1) those with risk factors for CKD or early-stage CKD, and 2) people who presented late to kidney care services. Semi-structured interviews were co-designed with people with lived experience and conducted by Mabadiliko CIC. Thematic analysis was undertaken, with themes refined by participants. RESULTS: Twenty interviews were undertaken with a diverse cohort of participants. Knowledge and awareness of CKD was limited, and compounded by a lack of delivery of accessible, culturally congruent information. Significant barriers to accessing kidney care exist for marginalised people, including people who are from global majority ethnic backgrounds, Disabled people, and/or people experiencing material hardship. These barriers are compounded by interpersonal discrimination and paternalistic power dynamics within healthcare interactions. CONCLUSION: This study captures the experiences of marginalised people at different stages of their journey with CKD, in accessing and engaging with kidney care services. Participants faced a complex array of challenges, highlighting opportunities for multi-level intervention. We outline recommendations to address these issues, co-developed with participants.

chronic kidney disease↗
PubMed2026

Mitochondrial DNA diversity in Ecuadorian populations: Recurrence of variant 16136 within haplogroup B2.

The identification of lineage-defining variants, frequently found in the coding region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), is essential for refining haplogroup classification. Most mtDNA studies in South American populations have focused on the control region (CR), which has provided important insights into population structure and maternal lineage origins, although information needed for more robust phylogenetic resolution has been neglected. This study investigates the maternal genetic structure of Ecuadorian populations by combining CR and whole mitogenome analyses. Sequences from the mtDNA CR were obtained from 461 individuals (253 Mestizos and 208 Native Americans), while complete mitogenomes were sequenced for 127 individuals to improve phylogenetic resolution by identifying lineage-defining variants present in coding region. Most mtDNA haplogroups in the two population groups analyzed were of Native American origin (A2, B2, B4, C1, D1, D4), with significant differences in the distribution of specific lineages between them. Among Mestizos, African haplogroups (all within the L branches) and Eurasian haplogroups (H, K, R, U) were detected at low frequencies, whereas no African lineages were observed among Native Americans. The results obtained highlighted a heterogeneity within Ecuadorian populations that must be considered when developing mtDNA haplotype databases for forensic purposes. Whole mitogenome sequences enabled the identification of variants that refined haplogroup classifications, provided a more accurate reconstruction of the maternal genetic diversity, and improve the discrimination between Native American and Asian maternal lineages within haplogroup B4b.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Unacknowledged Burdens and Clinical Assets of BIPOC Genetic Counseling Students: Qualitative Evidence to Inform Supervision.

As the genetic counseling profession works to diversify its predominantly white workforce, understanding the experiences of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) students is central to equity efforts. While BIPOC students bring invaluable cultural and linguistic diversity that improves patient care, they often navigate clinical training environments that lack diversity and psychological safety. This article draws on data from a longitudinal constructivist qualitative study to examine how racial and ethnic concordance (or lack thereof) with patients and clinical supervisors influenced the clinical training, professional development, and well-being of BIPOC genetic counseling students. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 BIPOC genetic counseling students in the United States and Canada. Interviews were recorded using Zoom.us, transcribed using Rev.com, and analyzed in NVivo using reflexive thematic analysis. The analysis led to the construction of three themes: (1)Shared identity with patients is a clinical advantage: Participants leveraged their cultural and linguistic intuition to establish trust and rapport with patients; (2) Identity navigation involves cognitive and emotional labor: Participants shouldered an unacknowledged burden in managing stereotype threat, overcoming feelings of exclusion, and educating supervisors; and (3) Racial/ethnic identity shapes supervisory dynamics: Participants described BIPOC supervisors as providing identity-affirming support, while some white supervisors avoided discussions about identity or committed microaggressions. These results suggest that BIPOC genetic counseling students have clinical assets rooted in biculturalism, yet carry a burden that often goes unacknowledged of managing power imbalances and pressure to assimilate in predominantly white clinical supervision spaces. To promote equitable training, programs should implement supervisor training on culturally responsive identity broaching, establish independent, transparent mechanisms for students to report biases they encounter in clinic, and expand mentorship networks to provide additional support.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Age-dependent reorganization of behavioral and striatal function in Cntnap2 knockout mice.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors. While ASD has a neurodevelopmental origin, it remains a lifelong condition, yet little is known about how its behavioral and neural features evolve across adulthood. Here, we investigated behavioral, synaptic, and structural alterations across the transition from early to mature adulthood in Cntnap2 knockout mice, a widely used model of ASD. Using a longitudinal behavioral approach combined with electrophysiological recordings and morphological analysis, we show that KO mice exhibit increased stereotyped and repetitive behaviors and reduced exploratory activity at both ages. However, detailed analysis of behavioral patterns revealed age-dependent differences, with early adult KO mice displaying increased behavioral persistence that later evolved into distinct patterns of behavioral sequences. These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in inhibitory synaptic transmission in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), including changes in spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC) frequency and temporal structure. In parallel, mature adult KO mice showed structural remodeling of spiny projection neurons, characterized by increased distal dendritic arborization and age-dependent organization of dendritic spines. Together, our findings demonstrate that ASD-related alterations are not static but evolve across adulthood, revealing a multi-level reorganization of behavioral, synaptic, and structural features. These results highlight the importance of considering adulthood stages in ASD and provide new insights into the dynamic nature of the condition.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Effects of cinnamon supplementation combined with exercise training on anthropometric indices and reproductive hormones in overweight and obese women.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity and increased fat in the chest and abdomen in women and hormonal changes, can affect female fertility. The present study aims to investigate the effect of exercise training combined with cinnamon supplementation on chest and abdominal circumference, as well as sex hormones, in overweight and obese women. METHODS: Twenty-six inactive overweight and obese women were randomly allocated to an exercise (E; n = 13) and exercise plus cinnamon supplementation (E+S; n = 13) group. Both groups completed a 4-week exercise program three times weekly, while the E+S group additionally received cinnamon supplementation three times weekly. Chest and abdominal circumferences and serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Significant pre-to-post reductions in chest and abdominal circumference were observed in both groups (all p ≤ 0.005). Estradiol, progesterone, and FSH concentrations increased, whereas LH concentrations decreased significantly in both groups (all p ≤ 0.005). However, between-group comparisons revealed a significant difference only for chest circumference (p = 0.003), with no significant group differences in abdominal circumference or any reproductive hormone concentration (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both groups showed favorable changes in anthropometric and reproductive hormone measures following the 4-week study period. However, the significant between-group difference was limited to chest circumference, providing no clear evidence that cinnamon supplementation conferred additional benefits for abdominal circumference or reproductive hormone profiles beyond those observed with exercise. These findings highlight the potential relevance of exercise-based interventions while warranting confirmation in larger, adequately powered trials.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Menopause in the All of Us Research Program: a descriptive summary of electronic health record and survey response across sociodemographic characteristics.

OBJECTIVES: Menopause is a significant physiological transition with implications for health outcomes (eg, cardiometabolic disease), yet gaps remain in understanding this transition, including how menopause timing and type influence health outcomes. Large-scale cohort studies in midlife (age=40-60) females, including the All of Us Research Program (AoURP), provide opportunities to study menopause across diverse populations and data modalities. We characterized menopause-related data in AoURP, focusing on age distributions and concordance between electronic health record (EHR) diagnosis codes and survey responses. METHODS: We analyzed menopause-related surveys, EHR diagnostic codes, and genomic data among ~396,000 AoURP female participants. We summarized menopause-related variables across data sources, evaluated overlap between survey, EHR, and genomic data sets, and described age distributions overall and across sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: Among ~396,000 females, survey responses captured ~193,000 menopause observations, nearly seven times more than EHR diagnoses (~28,000), suggesting under-ascertainment in EHR data. Nearly all females (~99%) with an EHR menopause diagnosis reported menopause in the survey. Approximately 22,000 participants had overlapping menopause-related EHR, survey, and genomic data. Survey age patterns matched expectations, with participants predominantly <40 years reporting premenopausal status and those >60 years reporting postmenopausal status. A small subset with age >70 years (N&#x2248;1,700; 4%) reported no menopause, suggesting response or recall bias. EHR menopause codes were concentrated after age 45 years, with a notable spike at age 65. Modest differences in survey-based menopause age distributions were observed across sociodemographic characteristics (eg, race and ancestry). CONCLUSIONS: These findings inform sampling strategies, power calculations, phenotype definition, and study design for menopause research using AoURP data.

Age↗
PubMed2025

Parent-Child Communication after Parental Exposure to Potentially Traumatic Events: A Systematic Review.

Intergenerational traumatization poses a risk for the well-being of children whose parents have been exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTEs). Previous research has implied that parent-child communication may significantly contribute to the transmission of trauma across generations, but findings remain limited and inconclusive, particularly regarding the mechanisms and factors that could underlie this process. Therefore, the present paper performed a mixed methods systematic literature review to methodically map how PTE-exposed parents communicate with their children-both in general and about parental PTEs-and how such communication may contribute to trauma transmission. Five electronic databases were accessed to conduct keyword-led searches, yielding a final inclusion of 31 peer-reviewed, empirical studies that investigated parent-child communication among PTE-exposed parents and/or their nonexposed children. Parental PTE exposure was found to have a negative impact on general parent-child communication, often due to the presence of parental anger, irritability, and withdrawal. Conversations about parental PTEs showed substantial diversity in their frequency, content and style, with strategies of partial/modulated disclosure appearing most common. How parents approached PTE communication frequently stemmed from a desire to keep their children safe and unburdened by their previous experiences. Finally, both general communication and PTE communication were implied to contribute to trauma transmission, revealing a significant impact of parent-child communication on child functioning, identity, and well-being. Based on these key findings, the authors discuss meaningful implications for future research (i.e., prospective directions, addressing methodological concerns) and formulate suggestions for clinicians and policymakers surrounding the treatment of PTE-exposed parents and their offspring.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Integrative modeling of the genome structure and dynamics in fission yeast.

Genome organization in the nucleus is highly structured and dynamic. Recent advances in genomic technology have enabled the measurement of genome-wide architecture and locus-specific motion, yielding contact maps and live-cell trajectories. However, these outcomes are derived from different modalities and are not directly comparable, with their quantitative integration being a key challenge. Here we establish a genome-wide live-cell imaging platform in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, tracking 131 chromosomal loci, along with the spindle pole body (SPB) and nucleolus, to construct a quantitative map of locus dynamics. By integrating these dynamics with contact data through polymer modeling of Hi-C data, we build a physics-based "digital twin" of the S. pombe genome consistent with the spatiotemporal dynamics of interphase chromatin. We validate it against genome-wide mobility patterns and known architectural features, including centromere and telomere clustering. The model also identifies distinct dynamical regimes: centromere- and telomere-proximal loci relax within [Formula: see text]150 s, whereas the remaining loci relax within [Formula: see text]70 s. We measure semiperiodic dynamics of SPB motion, including a characteristic peak near 225 s and [Formula: see text] fluctuations. We use the model with SPB-directed forcing to show how these low-frequency components propagate through the genome to drive genome-wide chromatin displacements. Together, this predictive physics-based modeling framework integrates genome structure and dynamics to reveal how nuclear mechanical driving forces shape chromosome motion, linking mechanically driven chromatin responses to genome maintenance and regulation.

Schizosaccharomyces↗
PubMed2026

Reported exposure to news portrayals about mental health problems and their impact: Findings from the 2025 National Survey of Stigma and Discrimination.

OBJECTIVE: Media portrayals of people with mental illness have the power to mitigate or perpetuate stigma related to mental health. This study aimed to investigate reported real-world exposure to news media portrayals about people with mental health problems in the past 12&#x2009;months and the impact of these. METHODS: Data were from a nationally representative survey of 6032 Australians exploring attitudes towards people with mental health problems. Participants were asked about their exposure to positive news stories about a person with a mental health problem, as well as negative portrayals, in which someone was harmed by a person with a mental health problem. Further questions covered the sources (traditional or social media) and impact of these exposures. RESULTS: Regression models were used to explore sociodemographic predictors of impact. Most participants reported exposure to negative news portrayals (68.4%, 95% confidence interval = [66.9, 69.8]), while fewer reported exposure to positive news stories (33.7%, 95% confidence interval = [32.3, 35.2]). Most people exposed to the negative news stories reported a negative impact (69.0%, 95% confidence interval = [67.2, 70.7]), and most exposed to positive news stories reported a positive impact (80.2%, 95% confidence interval = [77.6, 82.5]). Age and gender were associated with reported impact but not lived experience of mental illness. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to negative news stories about mental health problems was prevalent. Given their impact on news audiences broadly, negative news stories need to be accurate and responsible to mitigate negative impacts. A renewed focus on generating and promoting positive and stigma-challenging news stories is needed to increase subsequent positive impacts.

Humans↗