SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “CT-guided Intervention”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

873 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed2026

SGLF-Net:Staged Global-to-Local Cross-Scale Fusion Network for Colonoscopic Polyp Segmentation.

Polyp segmentation in colonoscopy images plays a pivotal role in computer-aided medical diagnosis and the early prevention of colorectal cancer. However, existing methods often suffer from performance degradation when confronted with extreme polyp scale variation and polyp boundary ambiguity. To address these challenges, we propose the Staged Global-to-Local Cross-Scale Fusion Network (SGLF-Net), which adopts a novel staged global-to-local learning paradigm to progressively refine segmentation from coarse global semantics to fine-grained local details. Specifically, the Global Semantic Perception Stage integrates a Swin Transformer Encoder and a Dynamic Attentive Decoder (DAD) to construct comprehensive multi-scale contextual representations. The Local Detail Refinement Stage employs an Edge-aware Dynamic Attentive Decoder (E-DAD) to enhance structural fidelity and boundary precision through explicit edge-guided supervision. Furthermore, we introduce the Cross Spatial-Scale Feature Aggregation and Reconstitution (CSSAR) module, equipped with hybrid attention mechanisms, to facilitate efficient semantic structural interaction between the two cascaded stages. Extensive experiments on five public benchmark datasets demonstrate that SGLF-Net consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods in both segmentation accuracy and boundary preservation.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Meta-analysis of source identification and apportionment in soil: A systematic review of analytical procedures, receptor modeling, and environmental applications.

Soil pollution poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health, necessitating accurate source identification and apportionment to guide mitigation strategies. This systematic review evaluates the application of Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and other receptor models in soil pollution studies, focusing on analytical procedures, tracer indicators, and environmental applications. This review aims to provide a comprehensive framework for conducting soil source apportionment studies, aiding policymakers in designing effective, region-specific environmental management strategies by compiling global trends and methodological insights. The study addresses sampling protocols, emphasizing representativeness and quality control. Data from 500 peer-reviewed publications highlight the dominance of research in China, Eastern Europe, and South Asia, with agricultural soils being the most frequently studied. Key findings reveal that traffic emissions (20.8 %) and industrial activities (19.4 %) are the primary global contributors to soil contamination, with regional variations such as coal combustion in cold climates and agricultural inputs in developing regions. Policy recommendations include stricter industrial regulations, sustainable agricultural practices, and targeted remediation efforts based on source-specific risks.

Soil Pollutants↗

PubMed2026

Portable metagenomics for preventive surveillance and outbreak control in livestock and poultry: Pathogen detection, resistome profiling, and antimicrobial stewardship.

Conventional diagnostics for livestock and poultry outbreaks commonly rely on culture or targeted PCR panels, which may be too slow or too narrow to guide early control decisions. Portable metagenomics, particularly real-time nanopore sequencing, offers a route to broad pathogen detection, antimicrobial-resistance gene profiling, and outbreak investigation within an integrated workflow. This implementation-focused review evaluates how near-point-of-care metagenomics may support preventive veterinary medicine through earlier detection, surveillance, cohorting, biosecurity decisions, and antimicrobial stewardship. We synthesize sample-to-answer workflows for enteric and respiratory disease in food-producing animals, including sampling, nucleic-acid extraction, host depletion or target enrichment, library preparation, sequencing, bioinformatics, quality control, and interpretation. Applications in calf diarrhea, bovine respiratory disease, poultry outbreaks, mastitis, and resistome monitoring are considered alongside the central limitation that detection alone does not establish causation. Pathogen and resistance-gene signals must therefore be interpreted with clinical signs, lesions, epidemiology, controls, and confirmatory testing. We also propose a minimum reporting checklist, intended as a practical framework rather than a validated consensus standard. Portable metagenomics is not a replacement for conventional diagnostics, but appropriately validated workflows can reduce uncertainty during time-sensitive outbreaks and support more judicious antimicrobial use.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Symptoms and treatment response to florensocatib and inhaled tobramycin in bronchiectasis: Post hoc analysis of two randomized trials.

Inhaled antibiotics and DPP-1 inhibitors improve clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis, but whether baseline symptom burden predicts differential treatment responses remains unclear. In this post hoc analysis of two multicenter randomized trials (SAVE-BE, n = 224; TORNASOL, n = 357), we evaluate the association between baseline Quality of Life-Bronchiectasis Respiratory Symptom Scale (QoL-B-RSS) and treatment effects of florensocatib and inhaled tobramycin. In SAVE-BE, florensocatib reduces exacerbation rates versus placebo (relative risk [RR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.67; p < 0.0001), with RRs of 0.53 and 0.40 observed in patients with high and low symptom burdens, respectively, but no significant symptomatic improvement. In TORNASOL, tobramycin produces clinically meaningful QoL-B-RSS improvements (exceeding the 8-point cutoff in high-symptom patients) and ameliorates bronchitic symptoms, with greater benefits in those with higher baseline symptom burden. These hypothesis-generating findings suggest that baseline symptom burden may identify differential responses to anti-inflammatory versus anti-infective therapies in bronchiectasis and support its potential as a simple, practical stratification tool to guide personalized treatment.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Restrictive vs Liberal Transfusion Strategy in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Secondary Analysis of the TRAIN Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Anemia is a prevalent condition among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the optimal hemoglobin (Hb) threshold to initiate red blood cell transfusion (RBCT) is not well defined. OBJECTIVE: To assess which of 2 different Hb thresholds for guiding RBCT in patients with anemia and TBI is associated with a more favorable neurological outcome. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a preplanned secondary analysis of the Transfusion Strategies in Acute Brain Injured Patients multicentric randomized clinical trial, conducted in 72 intensive care units across 22 countries between September 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022. Follow-up was completed June 30, 2023. Only patients with TBI were included in the present analysis, conducted from February to May 2025. INTERVENTIONS: Liberal (transfusion at Hb <9 g/dL [to convert to g/L, multiply by 10.0]) vs restrictive (transfusion at Hb <7 g/dL) RBCT strategy over a maximum of 28 days. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the occurrence of unfavorable neurological outcome, defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended score of 1 to 5 (overall range, 1-8, with higher scores indicating more favorable outcome) at 180 days. In addition, 14 prespecified serious adverse events, including infection and cerebral ischemia, were assessed. Data were analyzed using both the intention-to-treat and per-protocol principles. RESULTS: Of 486 patients who presented with TBI (mean [SD] age, 46.8 [17.6] years; 347 [71.4%] male), 475 were included in the primary outcome analysis: 236 were randomized to the liberal transfusion strategy group and 239 to the restrictive transfusion strategy group. Both groups had similar baseline characteristics. In total, 534 RBCTs were administered in the liberal transfusion strategy group, compared with 246 RBCTs in the restrictive group. At 180 days after randomization, 138 patients (58.5%) in the liberal group had unfavorable neurological outcome compared with 161 patients (67.4%) in the restrictive group (relative risk [RR], 0.86 [95% CI, 0.75-1.00]; P = .047; fragility index = 1). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of secondary outcomes (eg, 28-day mortality: 42 of 240 [17.5%] vs 51 of 244 [20.9%]; RR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.58-1.21]; P = .34) or serious adverse events (eg, RR, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.88-1.43]; P = .34 for infection and RR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.40-1.90]; P = .72 for cerebral ischemia). After adjustment for several confounders, being randomized to the liberal group was associated with a lower observed probability of unfavorable neurological outcome (odds ratio, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.38-0.94]; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized clinical trial, a liberal RBCT strategy was associated with a lower risk than a restrictive RBCT strategy of unfavorable neurological outcome at 180 days among patients with TBI. These findings should be interpreted with caution in light of the inherent uncertainty of the estimate. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02968654.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A Critical Assessment of Evidence-Based Design's Knowledge Base and Inspiration: A Systematic Review.

PurposeThis study examines Evidence-Based Design (EBD) as an epistemological framework for guiding design research and practice, with a particular focus on its reliance on Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) as a source of methodological inspiration.BackgroundOver the past two decades, EBD has been promoted as a way to strengthen design processes through the systematic use of scientific evidence. Its relationship to EBM, however, remains conceptually ambiguous: EBD draws legitimacy from EBM's hierarchical conception of "best evidence" while at the same time acknowledging the specificities of design practice, which do not easily fit such a model.MethodologyA systematic review was conducted on 31 publications in the design research literature that explicitly address the tension surrounding EBD's conception of "best evidence." The criticisms raised were coded and analyzed by main topics and subtopics.ResultsThe review highlights several reasons why EBM's hierarchical view of "best evidence" is an unsuitable epistemological foundation for EBD. It imposes scientifically inappropriate and practically ineffective methodological standards, devalues important sources of design knowledge, and fails to address central epistemic challenges intrinsic to design processes.ConclusionsBy bringing together critical yet fragmented insights from the literature, this study argues for the development of an updated epistemological framework for EBD. Constructing this framework will require sustained interdisciplinary dialogue between design research and philosophy of science.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Assessing the Frequency of VEXAS-Related Canonical UBA1 Mutations in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients.

OBJECTIVES: Somatic mutations in the UBA1 gene cause VEXAS syndrome, which presents with inflammatory and hematological symptoms. Case studies show a strong overlap between VEXAS and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Recognizing VEXAS is important for differential diagnosis in patients with both inflammation and MDS, as accurate identification guides treatment. The study focuses on determining how often canonical UBA1 mutations linked to VEXAS occur in MDS patients. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with MDS were enrolled in the study, and genomic DNA was isolated from bone marrow FFPE samples. Molecular analysis was performed using a specifically designed ARMS-PCR approach. Additionally, protein-protein interaction (PPI) studies combined with bioinformatic analyses were carried out to explore potential links between UBA1 and pyroptosis. RESULTS: Among the 149 MDS patients analyzed, none exhibited high-Variant Allele Frequency (VAF) the canonical UBA1 point mutations linked to VEXAS syndrome. PPI analysis revealed a possible association between UBA1 and the NLRP3 inflammasome component. CONCLUSIONS: Expanding the sample size and using targeted NGS or ddPCR would improve mutation detection sensitivity and could reveal UBA1 canonical and non-canonical variants and more accurately estimate the frequency of VEXAS-related mutations in the MDS population.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Longitudinal Neurocognitive Changes for Patients With Hematologic Malignancies Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review With Structured Narrative Synthesis.

OBJECTIVES: Neurocognitive changes in hematological malignancies (HM) and as a sequela of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remain under-recognized. These changes may substantially affect patients' quality of life. Therefore, this review systematically evaluated longitudinal neurocognitive changes in patients with HM undergoing HSCT. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched on October 30, 2025. Longitudinal studies assessing neurocognitive changes in patients with HM undergoing HSCT, with or without healthy controls, were included. Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for before-after studies. Effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to quantify changes in neurocognitive performance. RESULTS: Nine of 2012 studies met the inclusion criteria, with overall moderate study quality. Improvements may occur post-HSCT; however, allogeneic HSCT and myeloablative conditioning were main risk factors identified for persistent cognitive decline. In line with white matter damage, executive function and attention/processing speed impairments likely represent core deficits, which may affect other cognitive impairments. Post-HSCT changes depend on task characteristics, cognitive load, and conditioning intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should emphasize regular neurocognitive assessment to guide cognitive rehabilitation, implement pre-transplant cognitive rehabilitation strategies to mitigate post-HSCT cognitive decline, and enhance treatment outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Transverse testicular ectopia with fused vas deferens: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) with fused vas deferens is an extremely rare anomaly, often diagnosed intraoperatively. Current TTE classifications do not address internal ductal variations, limiting surgical guidance. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review cases of TTE with fused vas deferens, summarize presentation, operative strategies, outcomes and identify patterns that highlight the need for classification refinement. METHODS: A PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review (PROSPERO; CRD420251247785) was performed across PubMed, ScienceDirect and citation of included articles through December 2025. Case reports and series confirming fused vas deferens were included. Data extracted comprised demographics, presentation, imaging, surgical approach, and outcomes. Quality assessment used JBI checklists. RESULTS: 12 studies (16 patients) were included. Most presented with unilateral inguinal hernia (62%) and contralateral undescended testis (68%); 81% were diagnosed intraoperatively. Anatomical patterns included common/proximal fused vas (87%), Y-shaped fusion (6%), and long-loop vas (6%). Trans-septal orchidopexy was the preferred approach, with preservation of vas integrity. Postoperative outcomes were favorable; long-term follow-up was limited. CONCLUSION: TTE with fused vas deferens represents a distinct variant requiring careful intraoperative recognition. We propose a Type IV TTE category for internal ductal fusion to guide surgical planning and classification refinement. Further accumulation of case-based evidence may help clarify its anatomical patterns and operative implications.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Dengue and chikungunya vaccines past, present and future: implications for travelers.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Novel vaccines for dengue and chikungunya viruses offer new prevention options against two globally important arboviral diseases. This review summarizes recent developments in vaccine licensure, implementation, real-world experience and research priorities, with emphasis on implications for both endemic populations and travelers. RECENT FINDINGS: Of the three live-attenuated dengue vaccines licensed to date, TAK-003 is authorized in >40 countries and Butantan-DV in Brazil, while manufacturing of CYD-TDV is discontinued. Long-term and postmarketing data continue to refine understanding of serotype-specific protection, waning immunity, and rare adverse events.For chikungunya, two single-dose vaccines are licensed-a live-attenuated vaccine (VLA1553) and virus-like particle vaccine (PXVX0317). Uptake is guided by emerging safety and effectiveness data, with each platform offering potential advantages in different settings.Further data on long-term protection, safety, effectiveness, use in vulnerable populations and integration into outbreak management and immunization systems is anticipated. SUMMARY: Dengue and chikungunya vaccines are increasingly being used in immunization programs and pretravel consultations. Further real-world data are needed-particularly for seronegative dengue vaccine recipients and older, immunocompromised or medically at-risk adults. Research priorities include developing single-dose, nonlive dengue vaccines suitable for high-risk groups, understanding long-term chikungunya vaccine performance, and exploring broader flaviviral or pan-arboviral platforms.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Influenza as a Less Commonly Recognized Cause of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyper-inflammatory condition that can be triggered by viral infections. However, influenza is not commonly recognized as a cause of HLH, and there is no comprehensive synthesis of influenza-associated HLH in the literature to guide clinicians. We conducted a systematic search of Pubmed and Embase to identify case reports and case series on influenza-associated HLH, and included 29 articles involving 47 patients. Their age ranged from 2 months to 72 years. 67% were males. Influenza A accounted for 91.3% of the cases, predominantly H1N1 (90.2%). All patients had fever, 60% had anemia, 69.7% had thrombocytopenia, 46.6% had leukopenia, 61.3% had splenomegaly, 71.4% had hypertriglyceridemia, and 94.7% had elevated ferritin levels. 97.6% had hemophagocytosis on biopsy. Antiviral therapy was administered in 89.5% of patients. HLH-directed therapy included corticosteroids (77%), intravenous immunoglobulin (36%), and etoposide (23.1%). Intensive care was required in 95.2% of cases. Overall survival was 53.2%. Survival rate was 50% among patients who received either antiviral therapy alone or HLH-directed therapy alone, compared with 65.4% among those who received both. Further studies are necessary to establish standardized diagnostic and therapeutic protocols for influenza-associated HLH.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Pharmacogenomic and drug interactions risk in cardio-oncology: A precision medicine perspective for India.

Cardio-oncology patients may face complex treatment regimens due to the concurrent existence of cancer and cardiovascular disease, leading to a considerable polypharmacy burden. This significantly increases the prospect of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and gene-drug interactions. The majority of these interactions arise from comparable pharmacokinetic and pharmacological pathways associated with drug transporters and cytochrome P450 enzymes. The significance of pharmacogenomics in tailored treatment strategies are emphasised by the fact that genetic variability enhances individual differences in drug response, safety, and efficacy. This narrative review focus on the effects of key genetic polymorphisms (e.g., DPYD, CYP2C19, and CYP2C9) on the metabolism and efficacy of commonly prescribed anticancer and cardiovascular medications such as fluoropyrimidines, clopidogrel, and warfarin. In addition it explore the role of pharmacogenomic variants on drug-drug interactions within the field of cardio-oncology. The study ultimately emphasizes the necessity of precision medicine in India to address the genetic diversity and underrepresentation in global genomic databases. The absence of pharmacogenomic testing, infrastructural deficiencies, financial constraints, and insufficient clinical integration hinder the widespread use of this technology in India. The Genome India Project and other national initiatives establish the foundation for pharmacogenomic-guided therapy. Utilizing genetic data, together with artificial intelligence-based predictive tools, for clinical decision-making may enhance medication safety and yield optimal outcomes in Indian cardio-oncology patients.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Cryo-EM structure of TGFBIp fibrils driven by a corneal dystrophy-linked mutation enables design of peptide inhibitors of aggregation.

Corneal dystrophy is a heterogeneous group of diseases which manifests clinically by progressive corneal opacity and diminishing visual acuity. A group of corneal dystrophies are linked to autosomal dominant mutations in transforming growth factor β-induced protein (TGFBIp) and characterized by extracellular amyloid-positive deposits of unknown molecular structure. Here, we determined the cryogenic-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of amyloid fibrils formed by the TGFBIp FAS1-4 domain with corneal dystrophy-linked mutation V624M. The L569 to N609 fibril core, which includes the Y571-R588 segment enriched in patient corneal deposits, forms symmetrical protofilaments with internal solvent channels. Leveraging this structure, we designed peptide inhibitors intended to bind onto fibril ends to block elongation, targeting the unequal growth of symmetrical protofilaments. Our G1 and H4 inhibitors exhibit concentration-dependent reduction of TGFBIp FAS1-4 aggregation as assessed by Thioflavin T, solubility fractionation, and electron microscopy. Our work illustrates how fibril structures can guide rational inhibitor design and suggests the targeting of protein aggregates as a therapeutic approach for corneal and ocular diseases.

betaIG-H3 Protein↗

PubMed2026

Unveiling the power of TIIC: A prognostic tool for esophageal adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remains a lethal malignancy with limited prognostic tools for guiding immunotherapy. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) play a critical role in EAC prognosis and treatment response. METHODS: We integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and bulk transcriptome data from TCGA and GEO databases. TIIC-specific RNAs were identified via tissue specificity index calculation combined with machine learning feature selection. Twenty machine learning algorithms were benchmarked to construct an optimal TIIC signature score (TIIC-Score) based on the comprehensive C-index. Immunotherapy response, genomic mutation, and copy number variation were analyzed. Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) were performed to explore genetic associations. Core prognostic TIIC-related genes were functionally validated in esophageal cancer cell lines through loss-of-function assays. RESULTS: The TIIC-Score demonstrated robust prognostic value for 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival across multiple cohorts, outperforming 22 published models. High TIIC-Score was associated with poor survival and increased chromosomal instability. Mutation profiling revealed high frequencies of TP53 (78.2%), TTN (48.7%), and SYNE1 (30.8%). MR analysis identified a significant association between gastro-oesophageal reflux and EAC risk at SNP rs8130507. Functionally, CCNI was upregulated in esophageal cancer cells, and its knockdown suppressed malignant phenotypes while promoting apoptosis, supporting its pro-tumorigenic role. CONCLUSION: The TIIC-Score provides a novel prognostic framework for EAC that effectively stratifies patient risk and may help identify individuals most likely to benefit from immunotherapy.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2026

Epigenetics and In Silico Transcriptome Analysis of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy that accounts for about 15%-20% of childhood leukemias. Despite therapeutic advances, relapses remain common, and survival for high-risk patients is below 60%. Unlike adult AML, pediatric AML displays distinct genetic mutations, including FLT3-ITD, NPM1, KMT2A rearrangements, and core-binding factors (CBF) fusions, as well as extensive epigenetic dysregulation. Aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications, and altered non-coding RNA expressions disrupt hematopoietic differentiation and activate oncogenic transcriptional networks. Recent advances in silico transcriptomic analysis have transformed the study of pediatric AML by integrating gene expression and epigenetic data to identify molecular drivers and regulatory networks. Computational RNA-seq pipelines and pathway analyses have highlighted key epigenetic regulators, including DNMT3A, TET2, and HDACs, as potential therapeutic targets. Multi-omics approaches combining transcriptomic, methylomic, and chromatin accessibility data are increasingly used to define biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular and epigenetic landscape of pediatric AML, emphasizing the power of in silico transcriptome analysis to uncover disease mechanisms, refine patient stratification, and guide the development of precision-based epigenetic therapies aimed at improving long-term outcomes in children with AML.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Complicated urinary tract infections: evolving definitions, clinical burden, and treatment landscape amid antimicrobial resistance.

INTRODUCTION: Complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) is a common and heterogeneous infection associated with substantial morbidity, high healthcare utilization, and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Evolving definitions, increasing device use, and changing patient populations have altered its epidemiology and management. Marked variability in diagnostic criteria, clinical trial endpoints within and outside registrational settings, and treatment strategies complicates clinical decision-making and interpretation of therapeutic advances. AREAS COVERED: This review examines contemporary cUTI epidemiology, classification frameworks, and drivers of disease burden. It evaluates resistance trends and their therapeutic implications, alongside stewardship-based management strategies, including empiric antibiotic selection, intravenous-to-oral transition, treatment duration, and source control. Challenges in catheter-associated infection, recurrence, and regulatory endpoint design are discussed, together with the emerging role of novel agents targeting resistant Gram-negative pathogens. EXPERT OPINION: Rising multidrug resistance and limited oral options are reshaping cUTI management, necessitating individualized, stewardship-aligned therapy guided by illness severity and local epidemiology. Current regulatory endpoints inadequately reflect patient-centered outcomes, particularly in the context of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Expanding availability of effective oral agents may enable earlier discharge and outpatient care. Integration of rapid diagnostics and risk stratification will be essential to optimize therapy, limit resistance, and improve outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Artificial intelligence in treatment prediction for skeletal Class III malocclusion: A systematic review.

In skeletal Class III patients, treatment options range from orthodontics to orthognathic surgery. Choosing the optimal approach requires a comprehensive clinical evaluation, which may be supported by AI tools. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of AI models in predicting the need for orthognathic surgery and in identifying predictors influencing treatment decisions. A PRISMA-guided electronic database search (PubMed, Web of Science; 2009-2024; English/French) was performed to identify studies using machine learning (ML) or deep learning (DL) on cephalometric and clinical data. After screening and assessment for eligibility, 15 studies were critically appraised. Model performance was summarized using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC). ML algorithms (particularly Random Forest and XGBoost) and DL models (ResNet-based convolutional neural networks (CNNs)) achieved high accuracy for predicting surgical need. Frequently selected predictors included Wits appraisal, ANB angle, the maxillomandibular ratio (Mx/Md), overjet, and the divergence of the lower gonial angle. AI methods show promise for assisting treatment decisions in Class III malocclusion, with Random Forest and XGBoost performing well on tabular cephalometric data and CNNs on imaging. Larger, multicentre datasets and external validation are needed to improve reliability, address bias, and support clinical implementation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Nursing Clinical Decision-Making: An Umbrella Review.

AIM: To describe contemporary peer-reviewed literature on artificial intelligence in nurses' clinical decision-making. METHODS: An umbrella review of literature reviews. DATA SOURCES: Four major databases were searched for reviews published between 2019 and 2024. RESULTS: Sixteen literature reviews reported on 965 nursing artificial intelligence primary studies. The studies focused on technology development and emerging performance evaluations, whilst real-world testing or implementation in nursing clinical settings was rare. Rigorous comparative analyses were lacking. While artificial intelligence demonstrates promise in decision-making, challenges such as a lack of controlled studies, algorithmic bias, limited reproducibility and insufficient clinical trials hinder its practical impact. Ethical concerns, transparency and patient data privacy issues pose barriers to AI integration in nursing practice. Ethical and legal guidelines for patient privacy are needed and should be taught along with AI literacy training for nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Artificial intelligence has the potential to enhance clinical nursing decision-making, although evidence is limited by too few examples of nurse participation during development. Underutilisation in administrative nursing functions hinders implementation. Nurses should assume a central role in the design and development of AI applications to ensure that these technologies address the realities of nursing practice. With such improvements, artificial intelligence can transform nursing practice, improve nurses' clinical decision-making and ultimately enhance consumer healthcare outcomes. PATIENT OR PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: No Patient or Public Involvement. REPORTING METHOD: While there is no reporting checklist for umbrella reviews, the PRISMA guide for systematic reviews was followed.

Artificial Intelligence↗