PubMed · 5069760
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F Rebelsky, R Black. 1972. Crying in infancy.. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221325.1972.10533128
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OBJECTIVE: We assessed the effectiveness of individualized developmental support in the special care nursery for low-risk preterm infants. SETTING: A university-affiliated teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve healthy full-term infants, and 24 low-risk preterm infants randomly assigned to a control or an experimental group. DESIGN: The preterm control group received standard care and the preterm experimental group received individualized developmental care at the same special care nursery. OUTCOME MEASURES: Medical, behavioral (Assessment of Preterm Infants' Behavior and Prechtl's Neurological Examination of the Full-Term Newborn Infant), and electrophysiologic outcome (using quantitative electroencephalography with topographic mapping) of all three groups was assessed 2 weeks after the expected due date. RESULTS: No between- or among-group medical differences were seen for this low-risk, healthy sample. The preterm experimental group showed behavioral and electrophysiologic performances comparable to those of the full-term group, whereas the preterm control group performed significantly less well. Behavioral measures suggested significantly poorer attentional functioning for the preterm control group. Electrophysiologic results implicated the frontal lobe. CONCLUSIONS: Individualized developmental intervention supports neurobehavioral functioning as measured at 2 weeks post-term. It appears to prevent frontal lobe and attentional difficulties in the newborn period, the possible causes of behavioral and scholastic disabilities often seen in low-risk preterm infants at later ages.
PURPOSE: To investigate changes in the size, shape, and signal intensity of the pituitary gland during the first 2 years of life. METHODS: One hundred consecutive MR studies, spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted sequences, of children 0 to 2 years of age were analyzed. Signal intensity and shape of the gland were graded and its signal intensity measured. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the signal intensity of both the anterior and posterior pituitary gland and in the shape between children younger than and older than 6 weeks of age and younger than and older than 27 weeks of age. There were definite trends in the size of the gland with age (decrease in height and increase in anteroposterior diameter and width). CONCLUSIONS: There are changes in the pituitary gland in the newborn period that may reflect the ongoing changes in pituitary hormones reported to occur during this time.