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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

A comparison of the binge eating scale, questionnaire for eating and weight patterns-revised, and eating disorder examination questionnaire with instructions with the eating disorder examination in the assessment of binge eating disorder and its symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: The current study assesses concordance between self-administered measures and a diagnostic standard for assessment of binge frequency and diagnosis of binge eating disorder (BED) in a sample of binge eaters. METHOD: The Questionnaire for Eating and Weight Patterns-Revised (QEWP-R), Binge Eating Scale (BES), two items from the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire with Instructions (EDE-Q-I), and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) were administered. Participants were 157 adults volunteering for a clinical study, of whom 129 (79%) were diagnosed with BED using the EDE as the diagnostic standard. RESULTS: In the identification of BED, the QEWP-R yielded a sensitivity value of .74 and a specificity value of .35. The BES yielded a sensitivity value of .85 and a specificity value of .20. Frequency of binge eating days and episodes on the EDE-Q-I correlated highly with the EDE (.65 and .48, respectively; p < .001). DISCUSSION: The accuracy of diagnosis and symptomatology among self-administered questionnaires is variable. The BES and the QEWP-R performed satisfactorily as initial screens for the diagnosis of BED, but were less accurate in identifying non-BED individuals and the frequency of binge eating. The EDE-Q-I most accurately assessed the frequency of binge eating.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Application of the SCOFF, Eating Attitude Test 26 (EAT 26) and Eating Inventory (TFEQ) Questionnaires in young women seeking diet-therapy.

BACKGROUND: Eating disorders (EDs) affect an increasing proportion of young women in western countries. Psychometric questionnaires represent valuable tools to investigate various and critical areas directly involved in the pathogenesis of EDS and to support diagnosis and therapeutic decisions. METHODS: 162 young women (16-35 years old) seeking diet therapy were recruited. We classified subjects in normal eating behaviour (NEB) (n = 87), binge eating disorder (BED) (n = 12) and bulimic EDNOS (Eating Disorders not Otherwise Specified) (n = 63). The SCOFF, Eating Attitudes Test (EAT 26) and Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) were administered. Body mass index (BMI) was utilised to assess the nutritional status. An analysis of the reliability and validity (sensitivity and specificity) of the SCOFF, EAT 26 and TFEQ was performed. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI) of NEB, BED and bulimic EDNOS was 27.7, 35 and 31.1, respectively. BED showed the highest values at the dishinibition, hunger and food preoccupation scales but conversely, they were the least restrained group. The SCOFF was significantly associated with the dishinibition (r = 0.31), hunger (0.31), dieting (r = 0.34) and food preoccupation scales (r = 0.34). The reliability analysis showed that the SCOFF, EAT 26 and TFEQ had a Cronbach alpha of 0.47, 0.85 and 0.75, respectively. The ROC curves identified cut off points of 3, 10 and 25 as the best compromise between specificity and sensitivity for the SCOFF, EAT 26 and TFEQ, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The SCOFF is a valuable tool for the screening of abnormal eating behaviours but the diagnosis should be always confirmed and supported by the administration of other questionnaires and structured interviews. We have also confirmed the high reliability of the EAT 26 and TFEQ even though the utilisation of these questionnaires has generated some issues about their application in populations characterised by loss of control and overeating episodes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Comparisons of men with full or partial eating disorders, men without eating disorders, and women with eating disorders in the community.

OBJECTIVE: The authors compared 62 men who met all or most of the DSM-III-R criteria for eating disorders with 212 women who had similar eating disorders and 3,769 men who had no eating disorders on a wide variety of clinical and historical variables. METHOD: The groups of subjects were derived from a community epidemiologic survey performed in the province of Ontario that used the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: Men with eating disorders were very similar to women with eating disorders on most variables. Men with eating disorders showed higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity and more psychosocial morbidity than men without eating disorders. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the clinical similarities between men with eating disorders and women with eating disorders. They also reveal that both groups suffer similar psychosocial morbidity. Men with eating disorders show a wide range of differences from men without eating disorders; the extent to which these differences are effects of the illness or possible risk factors for the occurrence of these illnesses in men is not clear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Emotional eating and eating psychopathology among non-eating-disordered women.

OBJECTIVE: A recent study (Arnow, Kenardy, & Agras, 1995, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 155-170) has reported on the development and preliminary validation of the Emotional Eating Scale (EES), a questionnaire measure of the tendency to eat in response to affective state. The EES showed high levels of validity among obese binge eaters, but there was no attempt to validate the measure among nonclinical groups. The present study assessed the validity of the EES among nonclinical women, in order to determine whether or not emotional eating is related to unhealthy eating characteristics among the general population. METHODS: The participants were 51 women with no current or past eating disorder. Each completed the EES and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI). Validity of the EES was tested using measures of internal consistency and correlations with EDI scales. RESULTS: The EES scales showed a high level of internal consistency and specific associations with EDI scales (particularly Bulimia, Ineffectiveness, and Interpersonal Distrust). The normative scores for this population were substantially lower than among binge eaters, but similar to those found among other clinical groups. CONCLUSIONS: The EES has good levels of validity. It demonstrates that emotional eating is related to bulimic eating attitudes in the broader population, although issues of causality need to be considered. The EES may have a role in the early identification of eating problems in nonclinical groups. Its utility with other eating-disordered groups remains to be established, but there are potential roles in the targeting and evaluation of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Nocturnal eating: sleep-related eating disorder or night eating syndrome? A videopolysomnographic study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and videopolysomnographic characteristics of nocturnal eating episodes in sleep-related eating disorder. DESIGN: Descriptive study of outpatients prospectively enrolled in 2 sleep centers. SETTING: Videopolysomnographic recordings done in the sleep laboratory. PATIENTS: Thirty-five consecutive drug-free patients with nocturnal eating. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Clinical interviews disclosed abnormal compulsory nocturnal eating episodes in all patients associated with a clinical report of sleepwalking (in 1), somniloquy (in 5), restless legs syndrome (in 8), and periodic limb movements during sleep (in 4). Videopolysomnography documented 45 episodes of nocturnal eating in 26 patients. Eating always occurred after complete awakenings from non-rapid eye movement sleep and only in 1 patient from REM sleep and was characterized by electroencephalographic alpha activity with no dissociated features of state-dependent sleep variables. Patients interviewed during the eating episodes were fully conscious and remembered the events the next day. Pathological periodic limb movements during sleep index was recorded in 22 and restless legs syndrome dyskinesias in 5 patients. Recurring chewing and swallowing movements during sleep were a feature in 29 patients, associated in about half of the events with electroencephalographic arousals. CONCLUSIONS: In our patients, eating episodes occurred with normal consciousness and recall. Chewing or swallowing movements during sleep occurred frequently, resembling rhythmic masticatory-muscle activity in bruxism patients. The presence of periodic limb movements during sleep and chewing activity, the reported efficacy of dopaminergic medications, and the compulsory food-seeking behavior all argue for a dopaminergic dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis of sleep-related eating disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Relation of binge eating age of onset to functional aspects of binge eating in binge eating disorder.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether age of binge eating onset in binge eating disorder (BED) is related to affective binge eating antecedents and consequences. METHOD: Participants included women (N = 44) with BED who participated in a group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) study. Measures included the Eating Hedonics Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire Negative Emotionality factor, Restraint Scale, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire Restraint factor, and Eating Behaviors-IV. Participants were classified according to reported age of binge eating onset, with early onset defined as </=13 years (EOB; n = 25) and later onset >13 years (LOB; n = 19). RESULTS: Compared with LOB, EOB was associated with reductions in postbinge subjective anxiety, but not depression. DISCUSSION: This study suggested that EOB in BED may be associated with binge eating as an affective means of coping, particularly with anxiety, and further supported age of binge eating onset as a clinically meaningful way to delineate BED subclassifications.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Eating disorder or disordered eating? Non-normative eating patterns in obese individuals.

Binge eating disorder (BED) and night eating syndrome (NES) are putative eating disorders frequently seen in obese individuals. Data suggest that BED fulfills criteria for a mental disorder. Criteria for NES are evolving but at present do not require distress or functional impairment. It remains unclear whether BED and NES, as they are currently defined, are optimally useful for characterizing distinct patient subgroups. We propose that a distinction be made between "eating disorders" and "non-normative" eating patterns without associated distress or impairment. Although non-normative eating patterns may not be considered mental disorders, they may be very important in terms of their impact on body weight and health. More precise behavioral and metabolic characterization of subgroups with eating disorders and non-normative eating behaviors has important implications for understanding the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of obesity. Ultimately, better understanding of the many pathways to increased energy intake may lead to targeted strategies for prevention of overweight and obesity in at-risk individuals and populations.

Bulimia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differences in daily stress, mood, coping, and eating behavior in binge eating and nonbinge eating college women.

This study investigated differences between binge eaters and controls on measures of daily stress, mood, coping, and eating behavior. The same measures were also used to compare binge days to nonbinge days for the binge group. Participants included 20 college women who reported binge eating at least two times per week and 20 women who reported no disturbance in their eating behavior. They were asked to self-monitor their daily stress, coping, mood, and eating behavior for three weeks. Results indicated that the binge group reported more stress and negative mood over the three weeks than the control group. The binge group reported experiencing a similar number of stressful events on binge days as compared to nonbinge days, however, the impact of those events was much greater on binge days. The binge eaters also reported less positive mood and more episodes of eating on binge days. The groups did not differ in the number of coping strategies used. Stress and negative mood appear to be common antecedents for binge eating. The role of coping responses and daily eating behavior (i.e., restraint) on binge eating is somewhat less clear.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1997

The EAT speaks many languages: review of the use of the EAT in eating disorders research.

The Eating Attitudes Test questionnaire (EAT) has been a major instrument for detecting eating morbidity in a great number of studies across the world. The instrument was devised by two Canadian research workers and was initially validated on a Canadian population. Since then it has been used with reasonable success in eating disorders research emanating from English speaking countries, particularly the UK. This paper attempts to focus on the application of the EAT in non-English speaking countries where it was essential to translate it into the language of these countries. Comparative analysis of the results is assessed and the degree of success of the instrument in these studies is evaluated. The outcome of this review could have significant implications for the future use of the EAT in eating disorders research.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed2006

Weight teasing and disordered eating behaviors in adolescents: longitudinal findings from Project EAT (Eating Among Teens).

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether weight-related teasing predicts the development of binge eating, unhealthy weight control behaviors, and frequent dieting among male and female adolescents. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted with an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of 2516 adolescents who completed surveys at both time 1 (1998-1999) and time 2 (2003-2004) of the Project EAT (Eating Among Teens) study. RESULTS: In 1998-1999, approximately one fourth of participants reported being teased about their weight at least a few times a year. After adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and BMI, boys who were teased about their weight were more likely than their peers to initiate binge eating with loss of control and unhealthy weight control behaviors 5 years later. The predicted prevalence for incident binge eating behaviors with loss of control among boys who were teased was 4.1% as compared with 1.4% for those who were not teased, after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, SES, and BMI. For unhealthy weight control behaviors at time 2, the predicted prevalence was 27.5% among boys who were teased and 19.3% for boys who were not teased, after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, SES, and BMI. Girls who were teased were more likely than their peers to become frequent dieters. The predicted prevalence for incident frequent dieting among girls who were teased was 18.2% as compared with 11.0% for those who were not teased, after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, SES, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Weight teasing in adolescence predicts disordered eating behaviors at 5-year follow-up. The patterns of these associations differ by gender. Reducing teasing through educational interventions and policies may reduce the level of disordered eating behaviors among youths.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Binge eating disorder and night eating syndrome: a comparative study of disordered eating.

The authors compared eating patterns, disordered eating, features of eating disorders, and depressive symptoms in persons with binge eating disorder (BED; n = 177), with night eating syndrome (NES; n = 68), and in an overweight comparison group without BED or NES (comparison; n = 45). Participants completed semistructured interviews and several established measures. Depressive symptoms were greater in the BED and NES groups than in the comparison group. NES participants ate fewer meals during the day and more during the night than BED and comparison participants, whereas BED participants ate more during the day than the comparison participants. BED participants reported more objective bulimic and overeating episodes, shape/weight concerns, disinhibition, and hunger than NES and comparison participants, whereas NES participants reported more eating pathology than comparison participants. This evaluation provides strong evidence for the distinctiveness of the BED and NES constructs and highlights their clinical significance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comorbidity of diabetes mellitus and eating disorders. A comparison of psychological features of eating disordered and non-eating disordered patients with diabetes mellitus].

As part of a multicentre study on the comorbidity of diabetes mellitus and eating disorders, the following paper compares the psychological features of diabetic patients with and without an eating disorder. In a sample of 663 diabetic patients (type 1: n = 341 type 2: n = 322), eating disorder related variables, self-esteem, body acceptance and emotional distress, especially depression in diabetic patients with and without an eating disorder, were compared. A possible relationship to diabetic control was investigated. Type 2 diabetics revealed more pronounced psychopathology in comparison to type 1 diabetics. According to our assumption, diabetic patients with an eating disorder and diabetic patients who deliberately reduced insulin in order to loose weight (insulin purging) revealed a much more severe psychopathology compared to diabetics without an eating disorder. The type of diabetes was of no importance. With the exception of the variable body and figure satisfaction in the sample of type 1 diabetes and the variable self-acceptance in the sample of type 2 diabetes, no relationship to diabetic control could be found.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Eating disorders and psychiatric disorders in the first-degree relatives of obese probands with binge eating disorder and obese non-binge eating disorder controls.

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of the present study were to examine the possibility of a familial tendency for binge eating disorder (BED) among the obese, to clarify the relationship between BED and other eating disorders, and to test the relationship between BED and other psychiatric disorders. METHOD: We studied 32 female BED outpatients and 23 obese females without BED. A possible history of eating disorders was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-Eating Disorders section administered by telephone interview. Family history information for other psychiatric disorders was collected using the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria RESULTS: The frequency of all eating disorders and the risk for other psychiatric disorders were not significantly different between the relatives of the two groups. These results were consistent across generation and gender. DISCUSSION: This study failed to show a familial tendency for BED, or any significant familial relationship between BED and other eating disorders, and did not support the hypothesis of coaggregation of other psychiatric disorders with BED.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Eating style: a validation study of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire in normal subjects and women with eating disorders.

This study is a validation of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ). Results from normal men and women confirmed the presence of three robust factors of restraint, emotional eating and external eating. Data from women attending 'weightwatchers', and patients with diagnoses of anorexia nervosa and bulimia indicated that the DEBQ was largely successful in identifying the eating styles which are thought to characterise these three client groups. The results were also evaluated in the light of predictions from restraint theory which suggest that chronic restraint is causally related to higher levels of externality and emotional eating.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Two forms of disordered eating in obesity: binge eating and night eating.

OBJECTIVE: Binge eating disorder (BED) and the night eating syndrome (NES) have been linked to obesity. This review summarizes their characteristics, implications of their diagnoses and treatment outcomes. METHOD: Selective review of the literature on BED and NES. RESULTS: BED was proposed as a distinctive disorder on the basis of two large multisite studies in the early 1990s. It is associated with more severe and earlier onset of obesity, earlier onset of dieting and greater psychopathology. It shows large placebo responses and reduction of bingeing in patients on waiting-list controls. Traditional weight reduction programs reduce bingeing at least as well as psychological treatments designed for this purpose. NES is a stress-related eating, sleeping and mood disorder that is associated with disordered neuroendocrine function. It follows a characteristic circadian pattern and has responded to an agent that enhances serotonin function. CONCLUSIONS: BED responds well to weight reduction programs. It is proposed that this diagnosis be used as a marker for psychological problems that deserve treatment in their own right. NES is an eating, sleep, and mood disorder with distinctive behavioral and neuroendocrine characteristics. Studies of treatment for NES are in their infancy but selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) show promise.

Bulimia↗
PubMed2005

Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire with and without instruction to assess binge eating in patients with binge eating disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The current study examined whether adding written definitions and examples of binge eating to the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire enhances its utility to assess binge frequency in patients with binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD: Eighty-nine women and men with BED completed the EDE-Q (without instruction; n = 37) or the EDE-Q-I (with instruction; n = 52) before receiving the EDE interview. Binge frequency was measured as the number of binge days (days on which one or more objective binge episodes occurred) over the past 28 days. RESULTS: Binge frequency correlations between the EDE and EDE-Q-I were strongly significant (r = .543, p = .000), whereas correlations between the EDE and EDE-Q were not significant (r = .197, p = .242). DISCUSSION: Providing brief detailed instructions improves the performance of the EDE-Q when evaluating binge eating in patients with BED. This suggests that, with relatively minor modifications, the EDE-Q may be a viable alternative to the EDE in assessing binge frequency in this population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

To eat or not to eat: affective and physiological mechanisms in the stress-eating relationship.

The current study aggregated methods from the cardiovascular reactivity and dietary restraint paradigms in an attempt to advance our understanding of stress-induced eating behavior. Seventy-seven female subjects completed a protocol consisting of distinct baseline, stress-induction, and recovery phases during which we monitored blood pressure, heart rate, and self-reported affect. Food was inconspicuously made available to participants during the recovery phase. Our results replicated the restraint x affect level interaction observed in the restraint literature, while showing that physiological measures could further explain distressed eating behavior. Physiological arousal was found reliably to predict reduced food consumption, but only among unrestrained eaters. Analysis of the recovery data showed that food consumption was associated with impaired physiological recovery rates for restrained but not for unrestrained participants. We believe that our results help to reconcile findings in the stress, eating, and dietary restraint fields and offer support for recently developed theories of stress-induced overeating.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Healthy eating in schools and "eating disorders"--are "healthy eating" messages part of the problem or part of the solution?

This is a discussion paper which raises questions about the possible links between health education which exhorts young people to watch their weight and eat a healthy diet and the increase in disturbed eating patterns and the desire to be thin, particularly amongst girls. It doesn't especially offer "answers", but suggests that research would be needed to investigate whether such a link exists. The paper derives from my own concerns as a health educator about how health messages are received. The background to concern about weight among young people is described, and some initiatives in schools which may help are discussed.

Adolescent↗