PubMed · 14258281
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C E SHOPFNER, J T JABBOUR, R M VALLION. 1965. CRANIOLACUNIA.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14258281/
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UNLABELLED: Infants with an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) should not be treated nor monitored without a detailed medical evaluation, as different medical causes may be responsible for the initial clinical presentation. Standard and specific evaluation procedures are listed to help identify a cause for the ALTE. The most frequent problems associated with an ALTE are digestive (about 50%), neurological (30%), respiratory (20%), cardiovascular (5%), metabolic and endocrine (under 5%), or diverse other problems, including child abuse. Up to 50% of ALTEs remain unexplained. The finding of medical or surgical anomalies leads to specific treatments. Surveillance programmes with the use of home monitoring devices may be undertaken, preferably with cardiorespiratory monitors, and when possible, with event monitors, although no currently available home monitoring device is free of false alarms or offers complete protection. Long-term follow-up programmes of infants with an apparent life-threatening event contribute to adapt medical attitudes to the child's needs and to confirm the medical diagnosis. CONCLUSION: a systematic diagnostic evaluation, together with a comprehensive treatment programme, increases survival and quality of life for most affected infants.
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At the Rotterdam Fetal Medicine Unit over a period of 20 years, scanning for foetal anomalies has been performed in more than 24,000 pregnancies at risk of a foetal congenital anomaly. In pregnancies where there was prior knowledge of increased risk of a foetal anomaly (group I), the incidence of foetal pathology was 2-5%. In pregnancies in which a foetal anomaly was suspected on clinical or sonographic grounds (group II), the incidence of foetal pathology was 32-57%. For reasons of good-image quality, group I pregnancies were nearly always referred for a foetal-anomaly scan at 18-21 weeks of gestation. Group II pregnancies were often referred after 24 weeks of gestation, which is the upper legal limit for termination of pregnancy in the Netherlands. The detection rate was 94.7% (2000 and 2001). An abnormal chromosome pattern was established in 18% of all affected pregnancies, the great majority of these patterns (83%) being numerical. Approximately 18% of affected pregnancies were discussed in a multidisciplinary setting to ensure correct diagnosis, prognosis and management. Depending on the nature and severity of the foetal anomaly, standard obstetric management was advised in two thirds of cases. In the remaining one third termination of pregnancy was carried out at the request of the parents or a policy of obstetric non-intervention was adopted. In a subgroup comprising 460 pregnant women with both indications for referral, who were investigated at 12-14 weeks gestation, the detection rate for a number of congenital abnormalities was 89.5%.