Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SKULL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

[Vivisection studies on the effects of unilateral tooth extraction on growth of the skull and masticatory musculature. I. Overall skull, orbita, zygomatic arch, rear skull (author's transl)].

Skull growth is affected by numerous factors, including dentition. Animal experiments have assumed considerable importance in connection with such studies. This series of publications deals with the response of the skull skeleton and masticatory muscles to extraction of each emerging tooth in the right half of the jaws of Vietnamese belly pigs. The animals were slaughtered at various ages ranging from 6 to 12 months, throughout an important phase of post-natal skull development. Biomathematical methods were used to analyse the macerated skull and the masticatory musculature. Linear differential equations have proved useful for describing growth processes. The 1st report deals with the distances measured for the overall and rear skull, the orbita and the zygomatic arch. Differences between the right and left sides are slight with respect to these distances. Significant differences were found only in the range of the front part of the zygomatic arch during the 6th, 7th, 8th, 11th and 12th month of life.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Depressed skull fractures in children secondary to skull clamp fixation devices.

The use of external skull fixation devices (skull clamps) is a common practice in neurosurgery. The insertion of pins into the skull is usually routine and uneventful in adult patients. However, the safety of skull clamp fixation devices in children is not reported. We have examined our complications over the past 6 years, and have encountered 5 children with depressed skull fractures secondary to application of a skull clamp fixation device. There were 3 boys and 2 girls with ages ranging from 3 to 8 years (mean 5.8 years). Two patients had brainstem gliomas, 2 patients had hypothalamic gliomas and 1 patient had a medulloblastoma. Four of the children required separate cranial procedures for exploration and elevation of the depressed fractures. There were no sequelae associated with the depressed fractures. We conclude that skull clamp fixation devices are safe, but should be used with caution in the pediatric patient. In addition, we present several modifications of existing skull clamps which may decrease the risk of depressed skull fractures.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Geometric morphometrics of the skull of various murid rodents (Mammalia, Rodentia): relation of the skull shape to the trophic specialization].

Presented is a brief overview of basic principles and notions of geometric morphometrics, a new approach to quantitative analysis of shape variations. This approach is applied to analysis of variation of the skull shape in the sample of 18 muroid genera belonging to the families Cricetidae, Arvicolidae and Gerbillidae. The skull shape is described by landmarks, and skulls are compared by resistant fit and superimposition methods. Under consideration is relation of skull shape to the trophic specialization, to family belonging, and to body size. Axial skull reveals more conspicuous relation to each of the factor analyzed as compared to mandible. Zygomatic region and tooth raw are most differentiable, while change of auditory bulla is of secondary effect. Transition from omnivorous through granivorous to grass-eating specialization involves the same trend in each of the family studied in the case of axial skull but not of mandible. Most dependent of trophic specialization appeared to be shape of axial skull rather then of mandible. Arvicolines are most specific in respect to the skull shape. Shape to size relation, although rather slight, also involves the same zygomatic-dental region. The results obtained indicate probably that geometric morphometrics does reveal variations in the skull shape that are free of the size effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Skull fractures in children: their assessment in relation to developmental skull changes and acute intracranial hematomas.

Retrospective analysis of 12,072 pediatric head injury cases revealed 1,297 skull fractures. Patients with skull fractures were divided into four age groups according to the fusion of skull sutures and other developmental radiological skull changes. Results revealed that the patients with open skull sutures (aged less than 2 years) and with linear skull fractures alone had a negligible chance of developing intracranial hematomas. With the fusion of metopic and mendosal sutures associated with other skull changes (greater than 2 years), the children became progressively more susceptible to developing intracranial hematomas if they had a skull fracture. The risk of developing intracranial hematomas was the highest among those patients (much greater than 11-15 years) whose paranasal sinuses had reached adult size and spheno-occipital synchondrosis had begun to fuse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The fronto-orbital osteotomy as plastic-reconstructive approach to the anterior and middle skull base.

Introduction: A combined extra-intracranial access for the operative exploration of tumours of the anterior and middle skull base is indicated when the tumour extends intracranially and simultaneously into the nasal cavity, the paranasal sinuses or the orbit. Methods: Two standardized modifications of the fronto-orbital osteotomy, the fronto-orbito-nasal and the fronto-orbito-zygomatic osteotomy, allow safe removal of skull base tumours in these locations. In extensive skull base tumours, a modified bilateral fronto-orbital-zygomatic osteotomy can be used. Results: Between February 1993 and July 2000 skull base tumours in 111 patients were resected using the presented methods. The most frequent tumour type was meningioma in 29 cases. Complications were encountered in 13 cases (11.7%). Conclusion: The advantages over other approaches are good extra- and intracranial overview and minimal cerebral trauma. Additional transfacial incisions are not usually necessary. Exact repositioning of the fronto-orbital segments leads to optimal aesthetic results. Copyright 2001 European Association for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1976

[An infantile skull fracture followed by the enlarging of the fracture line ("enlarging skull fracture") (author's transl)].

We experience sometimes an infantile skull fracture which is followed by the skull fracture line and bulging of the fractured area day by day after the head injury. Since John Howship reported the case of the partial absorption of the right parietal bone, arising from a blow on the head in a child aged 9 month in 1816, this phenomenon was variously described meningocele spuria, traumatic cephalohydrocele, leptomeningeal cyst, fibrosing osteitis, cerebrocranial erosion, traumatic meningocele, die wachsende Schädelfrakture, growing skull fracture, etc. So called "growing skull fracture" has generally the triad of the symptoms which are the parietal skull fracture in infancy or childhood, traumatic dural tears, and subsequent enlargement of the fractures. And it is said that the dural tear is an indispensable condition for the developing of the "growing skull fracture". But we recently had the case of a 14 day old male infant who had neither traumatic dural tear nor subdural hematoma, but the progressive enlarging of the fracture line in the left parietal bone. The authors suggest that there should be the difference between the growing skull fracture (with the dural teat) and the enlarging skull fracture (without the dural tear).

Fractures, Ununited↗
PubMed2002

Radiosurgery for residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma.

OBJECT: Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas comprise approximately 30% of all pituitary tumors. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and role of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) in the management of residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. METHODS: A review was conducted of the data obtained in 42 patients who underwent adjuvant GKS at the University of Pittsburgh between 1987 and 2001. Prior treatments included transsphenoidal resection, craniotomy and resection, or conventional radiotherapy. Endocrinological, ophthalmological, and radiological responses were evaluated. The duration of follow-up review varied from 6 to 102 months (mean 31.2 months). Fifteen patients were observed for more than 40 months. The mean radiation dose to the tumor margin was 16 Gy. Conformal radiosurgery planning was used to restrict the dose to the optic nerve and chiasm. Tumor control after GKS was achieved in 100% of patients with microadenomas and 97% of patients with macroadenomas. Gamma knife radiosurgery was equally effective in controlling adenomas with cavernous sinus invasion and suprasellar extension. No patient developed a new endocrinological deficiency following GKS. One patient's tumor enlarged with an associated decline in visual function. Another patient experienced a deterioration of visual fields despite a decrease in tumor size. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma knife radiosurgery can achieve tumor control in virtually all residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Dose sparing facilitates tumor management even when the adenoma is close to the optic apparatus or invades the cavernous sinus.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2000

[Institutionalization of skull base surgery. Development, concept and initial experiences of the interdisciplinary center for skull base surgery of the Leipzig University].

The treatment of complex tumorous, inflammatory, traumatic, vascular processes, or developmental disorders of the skull base increasingly needs the interdisciplinary cooperation of specialties involved in diagnostics or treatment. Due to this inevitable cooperation of different hospital specialties, institutionalization of skull base surgery, organized as a center or working group, seems recommendable. Moreover, such a center may have additional effects on the external representation of skull base surgery, which is also important. On the initiative of 11 departments and institutes of the university hospital of Leipzing, the Interdisciplinary Center of Skull Base Surgery (IZSL) was founded in March 1997. The following aims were proclaimed: improvement of the interdisciplinary clinical treatment of patients with skull base diseases, evaluation of the patient's data, advancement of clinical and experimental research on the field of skull base surgery, as well as the organization of meetings for training and teaching and scientific meetings. Structure, concept, and first experiences of the interdisciplinary center of skull base surgery are discussed.

Germany↗
PubMed1981

[Human skull volume in relation to other skull parameters (author's transl)].

Previously we measured volumes of 235 human skulls by use of our newly developed method of water filling. In this report, we analyzed the relation of skull volumes (C) to other main skull parameters such as skull weight (W), skull modulus (M), multiple of three main diameters (V) and main skull indices. 1. Changes in C depending on age and sex were most closely related with those in V. 2. Average M was kept relatively constant independent of age and values of C/M=Q showed a change similar to C. 3. Three skull indices appear to have no relation to C.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Cranioplasty with split lateral skull plate segments for reconstruction of skull defects.

This paper reports the use of cranioplasty using segments of split lateral skull plate to correct large skull defects (larger than 8 x 8 cm). The subjects consisted of 10 patients with head trauma who had undergone decompression surgery, and two patients who had undergone tumour resection. Bone grafts were obtained by cutting approximately 2 cm wide strips from the lateral skull plate using a bone saw that was inserted from a free margin of the bone defects. By cutting strips laterally from the bone defect, the necessary amount of split lateral skull plate can be obtained without performing craniotomy. The pieces of split lateral skull plate are then fixed to the defect using wire or titanium mini-plates. At this point, the selection of bone grafts that match the curvature of the dura mater is important, so that no dead spaces are created between the dura mater and the bone grafts. Infection was not detected in any of the 12 patients, and all bone grafts took completely. One of the 12 patients suffered from a pathological fracture and bone resorption 6 months after surgery. The fracture occurred because the use of basket-shaped reconstruction plates resulted in large spaces between the plate segments, and in addition the intracranial pressure was kept low by a V-P shunt, thus rendering the patient more vulnerable to atmospheric pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Surgical approaches to the skull and near skull base neoplasms].

OBJECTIVE: To seek for the best surgical approaches to the skull and near-skull base neoplasms. METHOD: 161 patients with skull or near-skull base tumors were surgically treated. The surgical approaches were craniofacial approach in 6 cases, total maxillectomy or/with orbital exenteration in 5 cases, lateral rhinotomy in 7 cases, frontorbital approach in 1 cases, maxillary swing or extended maxillary swing approach in 21 cases, mandibular swing approach in 30 cases, cervical approach in 48 cases, postaurical large C incision approach in 19 cases, transparotid approach in 8 cases, transoral approach in 6 cases, temporofrontal approach in 8 cases, subtemporal preauricular approach in 2 cases. RESULT: Of the 98 benign tumors cases, 2 recurred postoperatively. Of the 63 malignant tumors, 1 case had cerebrospinal fluid leakage and died of intracranial infection 1.5 months postoperatively. In the follow up period, the longest one survival was over 8 years, and 10 over 5 years, 19 over 3 years, 16 over 2 years, 16 over 1 year. Survival rates of 3 and 5 years were 59.18% and 38.46% respectively. CONCLUSION: According to the site, range and pathology of the skull base neoplasmas, surgical approaches were designed and selected rationally and the effects better.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[The effect of changes in the bones of the skull due to Mediterranean anaemia on the shape of the skull and the formation of the cranial cavity (author's transl)].

The head and skull in patients with Mediterraneen anaemia show often a marked change of the external shape due mainly to the considerable enlargement of the cranial bones. From the abnormal external appearance the suspicion may arise that the form and space of the internal cranial cavity are likewise affected and even the basic structure of the skull is altered. However, a detailed investigation of the principal angles, distances and characteristic structures of the skull made on lateral roentgenograms of these patients, a comparison of the results between cases with different intensity of the osseous changes and a confrontation with the findings in normal individuals proved that there were no major discrepancies. The essential features of the human skull were always preserved. Only in some cases with severe alterations of the cranial bones a few small deviations from the normal values could be noticed and in a little number of them signs of a slight narrowing of the cranial cavity werde to be observed. This way was probably caused by a very early, rapid and extreme enlargement of the cranial bones resulting in a kind of "premature panzer-skull."

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Emergency skull radiography: the effect of restrictive criteria on skull radiography and CT use.

A prospective study was performed to determine the effect of restrictive criteria on the use of emergency skull radiography and computed tomography (CT) of the head. Emergency skull radiography required the completion of a special requisition form. Emergency CT of the head was done at the request of senior consultants and was available on a full-time basis. Over 1 year, 2,758 skull studies were performed, a decrease of 39.1% when compared with the year before restrictive criteria were instituted, during which 4,587 skull examinations were done. In the same period, the number of emergency CT scans of the head increased by 45.7%, from 471 in the control year to 686 in the experimental year. With the use of restrictive criteria, a net savings of +164,000 was achieved. Our results suggest that the use of restrictive criteria is a cost-effective means of limiting skull radiography when CT of the head is readily available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Stereotaxic: measurements of the skull cap and skull base in merino sheep (Ovis aries L.)].

On the 14 skulls of 6-month old merino labms, stereotaxical measurements were carried out. Not only individual variations were found, but they also dependent on sex. A small assymetry was found on the diagrams of frontal measurements of the skull cap and base. The point bregma is more variable than the lambda. The position of the cranial third of the skull base in 6 month old lambs is not yet constant and until adult age it will shift about 30 degrees to 35 degrees dorsalward and forward. Since the skull cap and base do not grow parallely, and their cranial part has not constant position, we do not recommended this age group for chronic experiments with implanted electrodes. Owing to smaller variations of the skull cap and base and nearer position of the sutura sagittalis toward the medial line, male lambs would be more suitable for short-term experiments and for the stereotactic atlas of deep brain structures.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[Value of skull identification as evidence using a superimposed video image technic with reference to individual craniometric differences in the human skull].

The possibility of using the video superimposition technique for the identification of a skull by comparing it with photographs of missing persons is based on the fact that the human skull, unlike any other part of the human skeleton, shows unmistakable individual characteristics. In order to obtain a quantification, the individuality of human skulls is defined in terms of craniometric data and their probability distribution. First calculations based on the coordinates of some important encephalometric points of 52 European skulls suggest that there are individual aspects comparable to those of fingerprints. Under certain conditions, the video superimposition technique can establish very strong evidence for the identity of an unknown skull, provided that it is applied correctly and carefully.

Cephalometry↗