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Male: explore 1208 source-linked works published from 2024 to 2026, with original documents and citations.

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Sources: pubmed. Collection updated 2026-09-15. Counts describe this index, not the complete source archives.

PubMed2026

Assessing time to symptomatic progression, a patient-relevant efficacy endpoint, in the MARIPOSA study in non-small cell lung cancer.

INTRODUCTION: In the phase 3 randomized MARIPOSA study, amivantamab and lazertinib combination therapy demonstrated improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) versus osimertinib in participants with previously untreated, epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Time to symptomatic progression (TTSP) was introduced to assess clinical worsening and complement endpoints that investigate radiographic disease progression and patient-reported outcomes. TTSP provides an easily interpretable measure of disease-specific symptom worsening to further support patient experience. METHODS: In MARIPOSA, TTSP was quantitatively assessed as a secondary efficacy endpoint and defined as the time from randomization until participants experience disease-specific symptom worsening requiring a clinical intervention or treatment change, or death. To evaluate the impact of amivantamab and lazertinib on TTSP considering its established OS benefit against osimertinib, an exploratory analysis censoring death events was performed. RESULTS: At the final protocol-specified OS analysis (median follow up: 37.8 months), median TTSP was 43.6 months with amivantamab and lazertinib versus 29.3 months with osimertinib (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57-0.83; p < 0.0001). Amivantamab and lazertinib reduced deaths following a TTSP event compared to osimertinib. A strong correlation between TTSP and PFS or OS was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Amivantamab and lazertinib significantly delayed TTSP versus osimertinib. TTSP offers a clinician-validated measurement of disease-specific symptom worsening, capturing symptoms perceived by patients that prompt clinical action. TTSP is highly correlated with PFS and OS, providing complementary insights alongside traditional endpoints. TTSP enhances understanding of treatment benefit and supports informed clinical decision-making by integrating patient experience.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Multiparametric flow cytometry immune profiling of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis reveals distinct blood-based biomarker signatures.

This study investigated immune cell distributions, cell-specific immune markers, and selected biomarker targets in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) using multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC). Whole blood was collected from 45 individuals, including healthy controls (HC), EPTB, and PTB patients (n = 15/group). Peripheral blood leukocytes were analysed by MFC to characterize CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK), invariant NKT (iNKT) and NKT cells, classical (CM), intermediate (IM) and non-classical monocytes (NCM), and activated monocytes (AM). Expression of GBP1, CALCOCO2, IFIT3, SNX10, ARG1, PD-1, and PD-L1 was assessed across these immune subsets. Increased frequencies of NK, NKT, and monocytes were observed in PTB and EPTB compared with HC, while CD4+, CD8+, iNKT, and AM were reduced. Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratios were incrementally elevated in EPTB and PTB compared with HC. Despite variability of expression within groups, median biomarker fold-change expression changes were found between HC, EPTB and PTB groups; (i) (>2.0FC) for ARG1 in CD4, CD8, CM and AM, for CALCOCO2 in AM, GBP1 in CD8 and NCM, PD-1 in CD4, CD8, NK, IM and AM, PD-L1 in CD4, CD8, iNKT and NKT, NK, IM and AM and SNX10 in CD4, CD8, NCM, IM and AM (ii) (<2.0FC) in TB vs HC for CALCOCO2 in iNKT and NKT, IFIT3 in NCM, PD-1 in NK and NCM, PD-L1 in NCM, IM and AM and SNX10 in AM. Statistical significance was achieved for ARG1 (P = 0.017) in CD4 cells. Our findings highlight distinct immune cell and biomarker signatures in PTB and EPTB.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The Soundtrack of Everyday Life: Real-world Music Listening Habits of Adult Cochlear Implant Users.

OBJECTIVE: Characterize real-world patterns of music listening and reward sensitivity among adult cochlear implant (CI) users compared with normal-hearing (NH) listeners. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: Online. PATIENTS: Adults (≥18 y) with a CI or NH who used a music-streaming platform as their primary listening method. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Objective measures included platform-derived audio features (acousticness, danceability, energy, tempo, and valence), listening volume, unique-song ratio, and decade preferences. Self-reported measures included listening habits and the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ). Group comparisons used ANCOVAs and mixed-effect models adjusting for age and gender; within-CI analyses compared prelingual versus postlingual deafness. RESULTS: Among 16 CI users (69% male, 39.0±15.6 y) and 29 NH listeners (38% male, 32.2±11.3 y), CI users demonstrated a higher unique-song ratio (β=-0.157, CI as reference; 95%CI [-0.281, -0.034]; P =0.014) and stronger preference for older music (Pillai trace=0.537; F8,35 =5.07; P <0.001), adjusting for age. No significant group differences were observed in weekly listening time, listening volume, audio features, or BMRQ scores (total and subscores). Equivalence was confirmed for Emotion Evocation and Sensory-Motor subscales. There were no statistically significant differences in listening environments after Holm correction. No statistically detectable differences were observed between pre- and postlingually deafened CI users. CONCLUSIONS: Musically active CI users showed no significant differences in listening volume or overall music-reward sensitivity compared with NH peers, but demonstrated higher unique-song ratios and a bias toward older music. Findings highlight the value of ecologically valid data in understanding real-world music experiences among CI users.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Effects of automated massage chair therapy on mental health and physical health: A comprehensive study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Automated massage chair therapy is a non-pharmacological intervention widely believed to enhance wellness, yet evidence regarding its effects remains limited. This 3-part study evaluated the effects of automated massage chair therapy on mental and physical health. METHODS: In Part 1, 20 moderately stressed students were randomized to receive a 20-minute automated massage chair therapy session followed by a 20-minute control session, or vice versa, with a 48-hour washout period. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), electroencephalogram (EEG), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were measured. In Part 2, 20 hypertensive hospital staff received three 20-minute automated massage chair therapy sessions on alternate days. BP, HR, and skin blood flow (SBF) were measured. In Part 3, 20 hospital staff with chronic low back pain received three 20-minute automated massage chair therapy sessions on alternate days. Electromyogram (EMG) and VAS were measured. RESULTS: Automated massage chair therapy significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure (DBP), HR, stress, and anxiety among moderately stressed students. In hospital staff with hypertension, SBF did not change significantly, whereas BP and HR decreased significantly after automated massage chair therapy. In hospital staff with chronic low back pain, low back function improved, and pain was significantly reduced after automated massage chair therapy. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that automated massage chair therapy may help reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and alleviate low back pain.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparative effectiveness of torsemide vs furosemide in the management of heart failure patients: Win-ratio reanalysis of the TRANSFORM-HF trial.

BACKGROUND: Loop diuretics are widely used for managing congestion in patients with heart failure (HF). The TRANSFORM-HF trial is a multicenter randomized study that enrolled heart failure patients, comparing a strategy of torsemide vs furosemide. The time-to-event analysis demonstrated neutral effects on all-cause death at 30 months and the composite of all-cause death and first rehospitalization at 12 months. We evaluated whether a hierarchical win-ratio (WR) framework integrating mortality, recurrent hospitalization, and patient-reported health status provides additional interpretive insight. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of the pragmatic, multicenter, open-label, randomized TRANSFORM-HF trial, conducted across 60 US hospitals that randomized 2,859 patients hospitalized with HF to torsemide or furosemide. The primary 12-month hierarchical composite outcome was defined as (1) all-cause mortality, (2) recurrent all-cause hospitalizations, and (3) lack of improvement in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ-CSS). The primary statistical method was a WR analysis adjusting covariates via inverse probability weighting. Subgroup analyses evaluated potential heterogeneity across patient demographics and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: In the primary 12-month intention-to-treat analysis, the adjusted WR was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.98-1.16; P = .13), indicating no significant difference between torsemide and furosemide. A supplementary 30-month analysis with extended mortality follow-up yielded a similar estimate (adjusted WR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.98-1.16; P = .14); hospitalization and KCCQ-CSS components were assessed through 12 months. As-treated sensitivity analyses were consistent with the neutral primary findings. Exploratory subgroup analyses were not adjusted for multiplicity and should be considered hypothesis-generating. CONCLUSIONS: The overall WR comparison between torsemide and furosemide showed no statistically significant difference in the primary 12-month analysis. The WR framework provided an interpretive decomposition across outcome domains but did not establish superiority of either loop diuretic strategy. All findings should be considered exploratory. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03296813, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03296813.

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PubMed2026

Affective reactivity to a remote computer-based Trier Social Stress Test during a planned quit attempt: associations with short-term cigarette smoking lapse risk.

BACKGROUND: The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) elicits affective responses and has been linked to smoking behavior. However, its remote use during a planned quit attempt-when stress reactivity may influence early lapse-remains understudied. OBJECTIVE: To quantify affective reactivity to a remotely administered TSST on a planned quit date following overnight abstinence and evaluate associations with cigarette use and lapse within 48 h. METHODS: This secondary analysis used data from a randomized controlled trial of adult smokers completing a remotely administered TSST following overnight nicotine abstinence. Urge, anxiety, and stress were assessed using visual analog scales and summarized using area under the curve (AUC) metrics. Smoking outcomes included cigarette count and lapse within 48 h. Associations were estimated using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: In adjusted models, anxiety reactivity-but not urge or stress-was associated with cigarette count and lapse. Greater anxiety exposure (AUCtot) and change above baseline (AUCab) were associated with higher cigarette count (IRR=1.0004, 95%CI:1.0002-1.001, p=.002; IRR=1.01, 95%CI: 1.002-1.01, p=.002) and increased odds of lapse (OR=1.001, 95%CI: 1.0001-1.002, p=.03; OR=1.02, 95%CI: 1.001-1.03, p=.03). Effect sizes were small. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety reactivity under nicotine deprivation was associated with increased cigarette use and lapse 48 h post quit attempt, suggesting individual differences in stress-evoked anxiety may serve as a behavioral marker for early lapse. Remote TSST administration appears feasible for eliciting affective responses on a quit date.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Disparities in guideline-adherent cardiovascular preventive care for people with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Clinical practice guidelines offer guidance on delaying the progression of cardiovascular disease in people living with diabetes. We sought to determine whether guideline-recommended cardiovascular preventive care for people living with diabetes differs according to sociodemographic indicators, globally. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of studies that compared the sociodemographic characteristics of people diagnosed with type 1 or 2 diabetes who received cardiovascular preventive care as recommended by guidelines to those who did not. Sociodemographic predictors were defined by PROGRESS+ (an equity framework). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and APA PsychInfo from 2010 to January 21, 2026. Studies were screened independently by two people. One person assessed the risk of bias and extracted data, and another verified. We pooled results using a random-effects model and assessed the certainty of evidence using GRADE. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies were included. Meta-analyses showed female, Black, and Hispanic individuals had slightly lower odds of receiving guideline-recommended prescriptions for lipid-lowering medication compared to Male, and White individuals, respectively (OR:0.89, 95%CI:0.79,1.00, moderate certainty; OR:0.78, 95%CI:0.74,0.81, high certainty; OR:0.86, 95%CI:0.59,1.26, low certainty). Individuals aged 18-45 years had moderately lower odds (OR:0.33, 95%CI:0.19,0.57, moderate certainty), no observed association for Asian individuals. Asian individuals had moderately lower odds of antihypertensive medication prescription (OR:0.42, 95%CI:0.38,0.46, high certainty). Evidence suggests likely no association between HbA1c testing and sex/gender or between sex/gender and lipid panel testing. CONCLUSIONS: Some disparities in guideline-recommended cardiovascular preventive care among people living with diabetes were found. These results are consistent with previous reviews and highlight the need to ensure guidelines consider equity and with improved dissemination.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Prostate morcellation devices: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes and efficiency.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the efficiency and safety of different prostate morcellators used during prostate enucleation for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between October 2012 and May 2025. Studies reporting clinical outcomes of morcellators used during prostate enucleation were included. Primary outcome was morcellation efficiency (g/min). Secondary outcomes included intraoperative complications, device malfunction, and cost when available. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I), RoB 2 tool, and European Association of Urology case-series criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses and multilevel meta-regression adjusted for prostate volume were conducted. RESULTS: A total of 22 studies comprising 5980 patients were included, most undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate. The most frequently evaluated devices were the Piranha™ (Richard Wolf GmbH, Knittlingen, Germany) and Lumenis VersaCut™ (Lumenis Ltd., Yokneam, Israel; 12 and 13 studies, respectively), followed by DrillCut™ (Karl Storz SE & Co. KG, Tuttlingen, Germany), MultiCut™ (Asclepion Laser Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany), and Cyber Blade™ (Quanta System SpA, Milan, Italy) systems. Unadjusted weighted mean morcellation efficiency was 7.80 g/min (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.26-9.34 g/min) for Piranha, 4.70 g/min (95% CI 3.61-5.79 g/min) for VersaCut, 5.90 g/min (95% CI 3.16-8.64 g/min) for DrillCut, and 9.59 g/min (95% CI 4.78-14.39 g/min) for MultiCut. In volume-adjusted meta-regression using Piranha as reference, VersaCut remained significantly less efficient (-2.75 g/min; 95% CI -4.58 to -0.92 g/min; P = 0.003), with an even greater difference in prostates >70 mL (-4.34 g/min). Bladder mucosal injury was the most frequently reported complication; however, relatively rare across all devices. Meta-analysis demonstrated a significantly higher risk with VersaCut compared to Piranha (risk ratio 3.22, 95% CI 1.81-5.71), with low heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: This systematic review provides a contemporary clinical benchmark of the efficiency and safety of currently available prostate morcellators. Oscillating blade systems, particularly the Piranha morcellator, demonstrated higher morcellation efficiency and a more favourable safety profile than reciprocating blade devices, with the largest performance differences observed in patients with larger prostates.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Baseline Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography and Polygenic Risk Profiles in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis From the VOLTAIRE Study.

AIMS: To characterise baseline clinical, anatomical, and genetic cardiovascular risk profiles in participants enrolled in the VOLTAIRE (Evaluation of Polygenic Scores and CT Imaging in Risk Factor Modification in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes) study and examine concordance across these domains. METHODS: This analysis included adults with T2D who completed baseline computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) and polygenic risk score (PRS) assessment prior to randomisation in the VOLTAIRE study. Coronary atherosclerosis was evaluated using coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and CTCA-derived stenosis severity. Clinical risk was assessed using the New Zealand Society for the Study of Diabetes 5-year cardiovascular risk calculator. Polygenic risk for coronary artery disease was assessed using a genome-wide PRS and categorised into tertiles. RESULTS: Among 126 participants with T2D (mean age 57.5 ± 8.7 years; 62.7% male), coronary atherosclerotic burden was highly heterogeneous: 34.9% had CAC = 0, whereas 19.8% had CAC ≥ 400. Moderate-to-severe coronary stenosis (≥ 50%) was present in 40.5% of participants overall, including 20.4% of those classified as low clinical risk. PRS distribution was variable (low 37.3%, intermediate 35.7%, high 27.0%). Overlap between anatomical, genetic, and clinical domains was limited, with only 8.7% of participants classified as high risk across all three. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial heterogeneity and limited overlap exist between anatomical, genetic, and clinical cardiovascular risk measures in T2D. These findings support a multimodal approach to risk assessment integrating imaging and genetic profiling. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov; ID: NCT07091162.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Life-course stress exposure and cognitive decline in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: The role of sex differences and educational protection.

BACKGROUND: Stressful life events (SLEs) across the life course have been associated with cognitive decline, but evidence on their cumulative impact and potential modifiers remains limited. We aimed to examine the associations between SLE exposure in childhood, adulthood, or both life stages and cognitive trajectories, and to investigate whether these associations vary by sex and education. METHODS: We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative cohort of adults aged ≥45 years. Participants with complete data on SLEs, cognition, and covariates were included (n = 5922). SLEs were retrospectively assessed for childhood and adulthood. Cognitive function was measured using a composite score (range 0-21) across three waves (2011-2015). Linear mixed-effects models examined longitudinal associations, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and chronic conditions, with interaction analyses for sex and education. RESULTS: Compared with participants reporting no SLEs, cumulative exposure showed the strongest association with cognitive decline (β = -0.52, 95% CI -0.69 to -0.35), followed by childhood-only (β = -0.34, -0.48 to -0.20) and adulthood-only exposure (β = -0.22, -0.37 to -0.07). Sex significantly moderated the associations for childhood and cumulative exposure, with women exhibiting greater cognitive vulnerability. Higher educational attainment attenuated the associations between single-period stress and cognitive decline, with only partial protection observed against cumulative adversity. CONCLUSION: Cumulative life-course stress is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Women appear more vulnerable to stress-related cognitive effects, whereas higher education confers partial resilience, highlighting the need for sex-sensitive and education-informed prevention strategies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

HYPNOSA: Study protocol for a prospective observational cohort of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common chronic disease that affects more than 20% of the adult population. One of the most frequent and characteristic symptoms of OSA is excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). This symptom is typically treated in patients with OSA with the application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the gold-standard treatment for this disease. In some patients who are adequately treated with CPAP, residual excessive daytime sleepiness (REDS) persists. The prevalence, associations, and outcomes associated with REDS remain poorly understood. METHODS: Multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study including 1000 patients. Participants will undergo a sleep study for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, clinical assessment, quality-of-life questionnaires, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and collection of biochemical variables and biological samples. Patients with OSA will receive standard care, and those prescribed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) will be monitored for treatment adherence. OSA patients will be assessed at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months. DISSCUSION: We aim to establish a prospective observational cohort of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treated with CPAP, with and without REDS. The HYPNOSA project will create the largest available registry of patients with OSA and REDS using real-world data, providing accurate prevalence estimates and long-term outcomes. Biological samples will be analyzed to assess the role of specific biomarkers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifer: NCT06514482.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

[Moxibustion combined with Jianpi Wenshen formula for cancer-related anorexia of spleen-kidney yang deficiency: a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion combined with Jianpi Wenshen formula in treating cancer-related anorexia of spleen-kidney yang deficiency. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with cancer-related anorexia of spleen-kidney yang deficiency were randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 40 cases in each group.Jianpi Wenshen formula was given orally in the control group. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, moxibustion was applied at bilateral Zusanli (ST36), Neiguan (PC6) and Zhongwan (CV12), Guanyuan (CV4), Mingmen (GV4) in the observation group, once daily for the first 15 days, then once every other day. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. The scores of appetite, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS-2002), and patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA), as well as the serum levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and C-reactive protein (CRP)were observed before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment in the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the scores of appetite, NRS-2002, PG-SGA, and the serum levels of IFN-γ and CRP were decreased compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.001, P<0.05, P<0.01), and the above indexes in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.001); the KPS scores were increased in the two groups compared with those before treatment (P<0.001, P<0.05), and the KPS score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.001). The marked response rate was 57.5% (23/40) in the observation group, which was higher than 30.0% (12/40) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Moxibustion combined with Jianpi Wenshen formula can effectively improve appetite and overall status, and reduce the levels of IFN-γ and CRP in patients with cancer-related anorexia of spleen-kidney yang deficiency.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Study of prescription-indication of antivirals for herpesviruses in a Colombian population: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: To describe the utilization patterns and therapeutic indications of antivirals used for herpesvirus infections in Colombian patients. RESEARCH DESIGN/METHODS: A cross-sectional study on the use of antivirals for treating outpatients with herpesviruses between November 2023 and January 2024 in a Colombian population database. The Micromedex® database was used to identify Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indications, off-label uses, and potentially inappropriate indications. RESULTS: A total of 14,816 individuals were included (median age:53.0 years [IQR:35.0-65.0]; 60.5% women). Acyclovir was the most frequently prescribed antiviral (oral:77.3%; topical:43.4%). Overall, 56.1% received oral therapy only, 25.2% combined oral and topical therapy, and 18.7% topical therapy only. FDA-approved indications accounted for 29.1% of use (herpes zoster), off-label use for 26.9% (mainly prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients), and potentially inappropriate use for 25.3% (primarily topical treatment of herpes zoster). Acyclovir use (OR:5.93; 95%CI:4.60-7.64) and specialist care (OR:2.17; 95%CI:1.73-2.71) were associated with off-label use. CONCLUSIONS: Antiviral prescribing for herpesvirus infections in a group of patients in Colombia is largely driven by acyclovir, with a substantial proportion of off-label and potentially inappropriate use, particularly involving topical therapies for herpes zoster. These findings highlight significant gaps in adherence to evidence-based recommendations and underscore the need for targeted interventions to optimize prescribing practices.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Nurse-Led Home-Based Mobile Health Cardiac Rehabilitation Program for Patients With Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This 12-week randomized controlled trial evaluated a nurse-led mHealth intervention for patients with chronic heart failure, conceptually informed by Riegel's middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness. The program integrated wearable activity tracking with weekly nurse-led behavioral coaching, reflecting the core self-care processes of monitoring, maintenance, and management. Compared with usual care, the intervention significantly improved daily step count, 6-minute walk distance, metabolic equivalents, and left ventricular ejection fraction. Findings highlight the effectiveness of theory-informed, nurse-delivered mHealth strategies in enhancing physical activity and cardiopulmonary function, while underscoring the critical role of advanced practice nurses in home-based chronic disease management.

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PubMed2026

Not just when, but how: An exploratory dual-control approach to video feedback in motor learning.

The present study provides exploratory evidence for a novel dual-control paradigm. It examines whether combining temporal over video feedback timing with learner-controlled interactive playback functions (pause, slow-motion, rewind) would enhance motor skill acquisition beyond temporal autonomy alone. Sixty-four novice adults were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: Full Control (self-controlled timing + interactive replay), Partial Control (self-controlled timing + non-interactive replay), Yoked Full Control (externally controlled timing + interactive replay), or Yoked Partial Control (externally controlled timing + non-interactive replay). Motor accuracy (Radial Error), movement consistency (Bivariate Variable Error), technical execution, and self-efficacy were assessed at pre-test, 24-h retention, and 72-h retention following two acquisition sessions on a dart-throwing task (120 trials total). The Full Control group demonstrated the greatest and most durable learning gains across all outcomes. The Group × Time interaction was significant across all dependent variables (η2ₚ ranging from 0.140 to 0.234), with Full Control demonstrating superior retention at both 24 and 72 h relative to other groups (though differences relative to Partial Control were more pronounced at 72-h retention). Critically, the Yoked Full Control group showed comparatively weaker outcomes despite access to the same interactive playback functions. These findings suggest that interactive video tools may be most useful when learners can regulate both when feedback is accessed and how it is inspected. Theoretical and practical implications for the design of learner-centered video feedback systems are discussed.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Systemic biomarkers of treatment response to methotrexate in people with painful knee osteoarthritis: A biological substudy of the PROMOTE randomised controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: Stratification of therapeutic responses may help identify efficacious therapies for osteoarthritis (OA). In the PROMOTE randomised trial, participants with elevated baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) showed greater pain reduction after methotrexate treatment. We set out to interrogate a broader panel of serum/plasma inflammatory response markers relevant to methotrexate actions as potential biomarkers of therapeutic effect. Our objectives were to: (i) characterize changes in these systemic markers during methotrexate treatment; determine whether (ii) baseline levels or (iii) changes in any marker during treatment were associated with treatment response; and (iv) compare these findings with the more established clinical inflammatory marker, hs-CRP. DESIGN: Plasma/serum samples from participants in PROMOTE's biological substudy were analysed for 35 inflammatory markers at baseline (pre-treatment) and at 6-months (post-treatment), by MesoScale V-plex multiplex assay. Those with paired biological and clinical data at both baseline and 6-months were included in the substudy analysis set. Relationships between markers and overall data structure were assessed by Pearson correlation and Principal Component analysis. Associations between markers (baseline levels or change over time) and change in average knee pain severity in past week (numerical rating scale, NRS) were evaluated by univariable linear regression, adjusting for baseline age, sex, and body mass index. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression with bootstrap resampling enabled marker selection. Benjamini-Hochberg correction adjusted for multiple testing (Padj). RESULTS: 87 participants with paired blood marker and clinical data were eligible for substudy analysis. 18/35 markers were quantifiable and analysed. Systemic IL-8 and TNF-α levels decreased (Padj=0.015, 0.048 respectively) while IL-15 increased (Padj=0.033) with methotrexate treatment over 6-months. Analysing within this active treatment randomised arm, higher baseline IFN-γ was associated with greater reduction in NRS pain change (0.66 [0.01, 1.31], P=0.047), as was decreasing TNF-α over 6-months (2.25 [0.00, 4.5], P=0.049). LASSO identified higher IFN-γ, lower plasma IL-15 and IL-16, and younger age as the most important baseline predictors of pain improvement. hs-CRP was highly selected by LASSO for treatment response in both arms. In a secondary univariate treatment arm-by-biomarker interaction analysis, of the 19 markers, only hs-CRP showed consistent effects in adjusted models (at baseline, coeffic. 2.34 [0.53, 4.15], P=0.001; change over 6-months, (0.36 [0.06, 0.66], P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Blood measurement of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-15 and IL-16 as well as hs-CRP could act as potential markers to stratify the treatment response by average knee pain to methotrexate in knee osteoarthritis.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The effect of olfactory training and odor exposure on visual selective attention.

Olfactory training (OT) is a well-established, non-invasive intervention that improves olfactory function by repeated, structured exposure to odorants. Beyond sensory outcomes, it also influences multiple aspects of cognition. Yet, its influence on attention, a fundamental process underlying many cognitive domains, remains unclear. This study examined the impact of a 12-week OT program on visual selective attentional performance and the effect of on-task odor exposure. Ninety-four healthy participants were initially included, and randomized into OT or placebo groups. Participants completed the d2 Test of Attention simultaneously with and without odor exposure in a randomized sequence at baseline, post-training, and a follow-up four weeks after stopping the training. The d2 test measures commission errors, omission errors, and concentration performance. Ninety-three participants (OT=51, placebo=42) completed baseline measurement, 74 (OT=39, placebo=35) returned for post-training session, and 57 participants (OT=29, placebo=28) returned for the follow-up appointment. Results showed that OT did not significantly improve d2 test performance. In the primary model, on-task PEA exposure reduced commission errors compared to the odorless condition, suggesting a possible transient effect of olfactory input on the inhibitory control in the context of the d2 attentional test. This effect, however, was no longer significant once the follow-up data were included and should be regarded as preliminary. Overall, these findings raise the possibility of a distinction between relatively long-term OT and short-term odor exposure: while OT did not improve visual selective attention, brief on-task odor exposure may transiently enhance inhibitory control during attentional tasks, a possibility that remains to be confirmed.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Dietary approaches for glycemic management in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review of Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Specific dietary approaches for better management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have not been thoroughly investigated. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the Mediterranean and low-carbohydrate diets for glycemic management in people with T1D. METHODS: We examined longitudinal studies (cohort studies and clinical trials) including individuals with T1D who followed low-carbohydrate diets (<26% calories from carbohydrates and/or <130 g of carbohydrates per day) and/or a Mediterranean diet, while hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and/or time in range (TIR) were measured. Additional eligibility criteria included publication in English and availability of a full-text primary research article. Non-longitudinal studies, abstracts, and studies published in languages other than English were excluded. Results were synthesized narratively, and the GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool was used to assess article quality. RESULTS: A total of 565 studies were identified from PubMed, the Web of Science, and citation chasing. After removal of duplicates and further evaluation, 22 studies (6 cohort studies and 16 clinical trials; total n = 3284) were included in this review. The search was initially completed in May 2024, and updated February 2026. Low-carbohydrate diets were associated with better glycemic management when compared to usual diets or baseline glycemic parameters. Studies using CGM were overall underpowered. The impact of Mediterranean diets was less clear, but generally appeared to be less effective at improving glycemic management than low-carbohydrate diets. DISCUSSION: Although structured dietary interventions for T1D hold promise for improving glycemic outcomes, further research is needed to determine exactly which dietary intervention is most beneficial for this population. The evidence provided by included studies is limited by small sample sizes and short durations; better powered, longer-term studies are required to inform clinical recommendations.

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