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PubMed2026

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals heterogeneous stress responses and Mg2+-mediated survival mechanisms in Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus during freeze-drying and storage.

Maintaining the viability of lactic acid bacteria during dehydration and subsequent storage remains a significant challenge. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal the heterogeneous stress responses of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, identifying seven distinct transcriptional clusters across the liquid culture, freeze-drying, and storage phases. The dominant clusters in the freeze-drying and storage were not completely consistent, showing significant functional differentiation. Genomic stability may be important for survival during freeze-drying and storage, while intracellular energy homeostasis appears important for viability during storage. The magnesium transporter mgtB was highly expressed in clusters tolerant to freeze-drying and storage, suggesting a critical role for Mg2+ homeostasis. Further experimental validation confirmed that Mg2+ treatment significantly bolstered stress resistance, increasing immediate post-freeze-drying survival by over 2-fold (up to 92.90%) and post-storage survival by over 5-fold (up to 5.98%). Proteomic data indicated that Mg2+ supplementation correlated with the maintenance of several biological functions potentially relevant to bacterial survival during freeze-drying and storage, including DNA repair, translation, and central carbon metabolism. These findings provide a map of microbial stress resistance through population heterogeneity and offer a potential strategy that may be adapted for enhancing the stability of other industrial lactic acid bacteria products.

Freeze Drying↗

PubMed2026

Excess iodine induces lipid metabolic disorders by the gut microbiota SCFAs/H2S-p-AMPKα/PPARγ/SREBP-1c pathway in female rats.

With the development of living standards, the problem of excess iodine has long been overlooked. This study aimed to investigate the detrimental effects of long-term excess iodine exposure on lipid metabolism in female Sprague-Dawley rats from the gut-liver axis perspective, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota and its metabolites mediate iodine-induced lipid metabolic disorders. The results indicated that abnormal iodine nutrition has a negative effect on the health of rats. Specifically, excess iodine not only causes thyroid disorders but also leads to liver lipid metabolism disorders, including elevated serum and hepatic total cholesterol/triglyceride levels and lipid accumulation in the liver. Further investigation revealed that excess iodine causes liver lipid metabolism disorders by altering the gut microbiota, which resulted in an increase in the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136_group, and a decrease in the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Blautia in excess iodine groups. A decrease in the relative abundance of Blautia and an increase in Lachnospiraceae NK4A136_group were strongly correlated with reductions in short-chain fatty acids (acetic, propionic, and valeric acids), whereas an increase in Desulfovibrio was strongly correlated with an increase in H2S. Additionally, acetic acid was negatively correlated with H2S in serum and liver. Excess iodine reduced hepatic p-AMPKα expression while upregulating key regulators of lipid metabolism, including SREBP-1c, PPARγ and ACC1. These changes may represent one of the key mechanisms by which excess iodine induces lipid metabolism disorders through the microbiota-metabolite axis. Overall, these findings suggest that excess iodine influences lipid metabolism through the gut-liver axis. The results of this study provide scientific references and guidance for the appropriate intake of iodine and offer novel insights for early nutritional interventions targeting lipid metabolism disorders.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Characterization and application potential of two newly isolated phages targeting the prevalent multidrug resistant Salmonella serovars in China.

The escalating global threat of multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella, a foodborne pathogen with animal-derived foods serving as the primary transmission vehicle, underscores the urgent need for effective lytic phages for biocontrol. From 142 environmental and farm samples in Shandong Province, we isolated 103 phages active against MDR S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, which were the most prevalent Salmonella serovars in China. Two Siphoviridae phages vB-SenS-S1 and vB-SenS-SEC2 were selected for further study. With optimal multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 10-2 (vB-SenS-S1) and 10-5 (vB-SenS-SEC2), both phages exhibited a 20 min latent period, yielding burst sizes of 52 and 37 PFU/cell, respectively. They also demonstrated stability across a range of temperatures (50-60 °C), pH levels (5-11), and after 1 h of UV exposure. Genomic analysis identified vB-SenS-S1 (43,002 bp, 47.04% GC) and vB-SenS-SEC2 (42,948 bp, 47.65% GC) as novel double-stranded DNA phages. Functional annotation confirmed the presence of genes essential for structural assembly, host lysis, and DNA replication/metabolism, and also verified the absence of resistance, virulence, and lysogeny-associated genes. Both phages vB-SenS-S1 and vB-SenS-SEC2 exhibited synergy with colistin and tetracycline. The synergy with colistin was particularly potent, leading to complete bacterial eradication in vitro. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy was further validated in both Galleria mellonella larvae and murine models of MDR Salmonella infection. Combination therapy with vB-SenS-SEC2 and colistin not only dramatically increased survival but also achieved a significant reduction in bacterial burden across multiple visceral organs of infected mice. Moreover, vB-SenS-S1 (108 PFU/mL) completely inhibited MDR Salmonella on chicken meat at 4 °C and -20 °C when initial contamination was ≤103 CFU/mL. This study not only expands the diversity of Salmonella phages but also highlights their potential as biocontrol agents in both clinical veterinary use and food decontamination, thereby enhancing food quality and safety at both the meat production source and the terminal product.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Selective and sensitive colorimetric sensing of carbosulfan based on BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 nanosheets with excellent haloperoxidase-like activity.

The development of colorimetric methods based on directly inhibiting nanozyme activity for pesticide detection has attracted considerable attention. In this study, we report a novel colorimetric sensing strategy utilizing BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 nanosheets (BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 NSs) with haloperoxidase (HPO)-like activity for the rapid and sensitive detection of carbosulfan (CBS) in foods. Oxygen-vacancy-rich BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 NSs with HPO-like activity were rationally constructed. Kinetic studies revealed a remarkable Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 0.014 mM for I-, indicating a higher affinity for iodide ions than other reported HPO-like nanozymes, as evidenced by its lower Km. Under acidic conditions, CBS tends to be hydrolyzed to produce reductive sulfide species, which directly inhibit the iodoperoxidase-like activity of BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 NSs, enabling selective detection with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.18 μg/mL and a linear range of 0.20-100 μg/mL. When the concentration of interfering pesticides and substances was 5 times that of CBS, the sensor remained unaffected, exhibiting excellent stability and specificity. This work contributes to the detection of CBS in complex food matrices, bridging the application gap of HPO-like nanozymes in pesticide detection and providing a promising method for food safety detection.

Colorimetry↗

PubMed2026

Culture of infectious human norovirus isolated from live contaminated oysters.

Human noroviruses are a major cause of foodborne outbreaks worldwide. Filter-feeding shellfish, such as oysters, can bioaccumulate these viruses in their digestive tissue when grown in sewage-impacted coastal areas and are often implicated in norovirus foodborne outbreaks. Despite the high sensitivity of current molecular assays, these methods for norovirus detection in shellfish fail to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious particles. Assessing norovirus infectivity in shellfish remains a challenge due to the lack of suitable isolation methods that maintain capsid integrity. In this study, a protocol for isolating infectious norovirus from oyster tissues, based on chloroform-butanol elution and polyethylene glycol concentration (CB-PEG), was optimized for the recovery of human norovirus GI and GII. While CB-PEG method recovered various norovirus GI and GII genotypes, it was less efficient at the genomic level than a protocol based on proteinase K elution (adapted from ISO 15216) and showed genotype-dependent viral recovery rates. By optimizing the flocculation step, we improved the method's compatibility with human intestinal enteroid (HIE) cultures. Using this approach, we successfully quantified infectious norovirus GII.3 titers recovered from artificially-contaminated live oysters. Interestingly, infectious virus was better isolated following a freezing step of the digestive tissues, with titers ranging from 13 to 40 TCID50/mL for positive samples. In conclusion, this study established an optimized methodological approach for the relative quantification of infectious norovirus GII.3 in shellfish, paving the way for future research on viral persistence and inactivation strategies in this foodstuff.

Norovirus↗

PubMed2026

From bioactive compounds to volatile profiles: a multidimensional characterization of Indonesian stingless bee honeys.

BACKGROUND: Stingless bee honeys are drawing increasing attention as ingredients for functional foods and health-oriented products because of their distinctive sensory characteristics and bioactive potential. In this study, honeys collected from nine stingless bee species reared in West Sumatra, Indonesia, were comprehensively characterized using physicochemical indices, antioxidant assays [DPPH (i.e. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ferric reducing antioxidant power], microbiological screening, volatile profiling [gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)] and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) fingerprinting. RESULTS: Marked between-sample variability was observed across key quality attributes, including pH (2.80-3.68), Brix (49.83-61.25), viscosity (23.36-175.22 cP) and color parameters. FTIR spectra were consistent with carbohydrate-rich matrices and exhibited carbonyl-related bands. GC-MS profiling identified linalool oxide isomers and junenol among the predominant volatiles. To the best of our knowledge, junenol has not previously been reported in stingless bee honey and may represent a potential regional chemical marker for Indonesian stingless bee honeys. Lactic acid bacteria were detected in selected samples, whereas yeast and mold were not detected. Antioxidant activities were comparatively low, which may reflect local environmental and ecosystem-related factors. CONCLUSION: The results provide a multi-parameter baseline for stingless bee honeys produced within a shared ecosystem in West Sumatra and demonstrate the value of integrating conventional chemical indices with FTIR and volatile fingerprints for quality assessment. This combined approach may also support future authentication and origin-tracing frameworks for Indonesian stingless bee honeys. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Aflatoxins and their biosynthetic precursors in lotus seeds: simultaneous UPLC-MS/MS determination, contamination profiling, and matrix-specific accumulation during Aspergillus flavus infection.

Aflatoxin (AF) contamination poses a severe global threat to food and medicinal material safety, yet existing research focuses on terminal AF metabolites while neglecting residual biosynthetic precursors, leading to potential underestimation of contamination risks. In this study, a UPLC-MS/MS method was established for the simultaneous quantification of six AFs and their five precursors in lotus seeds, with optimization of mass spectrum parameters, chromatographic separation conditions, and sample pretreatment. Method validation confirmed linearity (R2 > 0.99), LODs (0.03-0.36 μg/kg), and recoveries (76.53%-120.0%, RSD < 15%). Analysis of 41 natural lotus seed samples revealed a 63.4% AF contamination rate, dominated by B-group AFs, while O-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST) and versicolorin hemiacetal (VOH) were identified as the primary co-residual precursors with co-occurrence rates ≥ 50%. Notably, AFM1 was predominantly detected in natural samples with AFB1 concentrations exceeding 100 μg/kg. Artificial inoculation experiments further demonstrated that sterilization and sealing conditions modulated AF biosynthesis in lotus seeds, with non-sterilized and non-sealed groups showing delayed fungal metabolism and lower toxin accumulation. A significant linear correlation was observed between AFM1 and AFB1 levels (r = 0.94) in infected samples, demonstrating their accumulation levels are coupled with fungal overall metabolic flux. Given the high co-occurrence rate of OMST/VOH with AFB1 in natural samples, their individual and combined toxicities require in-depth investigation. This work deciphers matrix-specific AF dynamics in lotus seeds, supporting regulatory standard refinement (e.g., precursor inclusion) and targeted control (e.g., time-sensitive drying after harvest). Further studies will focus on exploring the molecular mechanisms of substrate-dependent AF synthesis.

Aflatoxins↗

PubMed2026

A Meta-learning-driven strategy for adulteration detection in sweet potato starch and vermicelli using Raman spectroscopy.

To address the widespread adulteration of sweet potato starch and its vermicelli with cheaper starches and overcome conventional supervised learning's dependency on large labeled datasets, this study developed a few-shot discrimination method integrating Raman spectroscopy with meta-learning. We constructed a meta-learning framework using cassava- and wheat-adulterated sweet potato starch as the source domain for training, with potato-adulterated sweet potato starch and cassava-adulterated sweet potato vermicelli as two target domains for testing. Raman spectra showed high consistency between sweet potato vermicelli and its raw starch, laying the foundation for cross-domain detection. Testing yielded comprehensive classification accuracies of 95.33% and 98.00% for the two target domains, significantly outperforming SVM, RF, and CNN (max. 85.24%). This approach effectively identifies subtle starch variety differences in complex adulteration, providing novel food quality inspection solutions and verifying the feasibility of raw material-to-finished product cross-domain detection.

Ipomoea batatas↗

PubMed2026

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of oral JMKX003002 in Chinese healthy participants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single- and multiple-ascending dose, and food-effect phase I clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharma-codynamics (PD) of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) inhibitor JMKX003002 in Chinese healthy participants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included a single-ascending dose (SAD) study with seven cohorts (1 mg [n = 4] and 5, 20, 50, 75, 100, or 125 mg [n = 8]), a food-effect (FE) study with six sequence groups (25 mg twice daily, n = 4), and a multiple-ascending dose (MAD) study with two cohorts (10 mg or 20 mg twice daily, n = 10). RESULTS: JMKX003002 was well-tolerated, with mostly mild treatment-related adverse events. One Grade 3 diarrhoea occurred in each of the 50 mg and 125 mg groups. No serious adverse events were reported, and no participants discontinued or withdrew due to treatment-emergent adverse events. Most plasma samples were below the limit of quantification (0.2 ng/mL), with only transient detection of low concentrations, indicating low systemic exposure. JMKX003002 was primarily excreted in stool (79.9% recovered) and was undetectable in urine. The PD results consistently showed decreased urinary sodium and phosphorus, along with increased stool sodium and phosphorus, compared to baseline across all three studies. One day after discontinuation, stool sodium and phosphorus remained elevated relative to baseline in the MAD study. Mixed-effects model analysis in the FE study demonstrated significant food effect on stool sodium and phosphorus excretion. CONCLUSION: JMKX003002 exhibited favorable safety and tolerability with minimal systemic exposure. It effectively increased sodium and phosphorus excretion in stool. These promising findings warrant further investigation of JMKX003002 to evaluate its clinical benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2300070473). Registered on April 13, 2023; prospectively registered.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Intestinal content accelerates muscle protein degradation in red shrimp (Solenocera crassicornis) during refrigeration: Insights from metagenomics and metabolomics.

This study systematically explored the effects of intestinal components on muscle quality deterioration and protein degradation of red shrimp during refrigerated storage. The results demonstrated that refrigeration induced continuous quality degradation and muscle protein breakdown in red shrimp, whereas eliminating intestinal tissues effectively retarded muscle spoilage and protein degradation, and optimized muscle texture. The intestinal microorganisms could secrete extracellular proteases to promote muscle protein degradation were primarily Vibrio, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Photobacterium, and Shewanella. These microorganisms promote protein degradation by secreting zinc proteases, serine proteases, and aspartyl proteases. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms of intestinal microbial metabolism influences the muscle protein degradation of red shrimp during refrigeration. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for precise regulation of intestinal-targeted microorganisms, thereby maintaining optimal quality of shrimps during refrigeration.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

An expanded breakfast buffet increases daily energy and protein intakes in hospitalised patients: A prospective crossover quality improvement study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Inadequate dietary intake remains common during hospitalisation. Ordinary hospital meals are central to nutritional intake, but their contribution depends on what is offered and what patients are able and willing to eat. We evaluated whether a preference-informed, limited expansion of the hospital breakfast buffet could increase total daily energy and protein intakes. METHODS: This prospectively structured, ward-based crossover quality-improvement study was conducted in seven inpatient wards at a tertiary university hospital. Each ward was observed for four consecutive days and randomly allocated to begin with standard or expanded breakfast, after which conditions alternated daily. The expanded buffet consisted of standard breakfast supplemented with familiar energy- and protein-rich foods selected from previous patient-choice data. Twenty-four-hour intake was registered using component-level weighed food records during the day and nursing registration overnight. Primary outcomes were total daily energy and protein intakes. Linear mixed-effects models adjusted for observation day and ward-level starting sequence and accounted for repeated patient observations and ward-level clustering. Analyses used data from patients who consumed breakfast and contributed analysable observations under both breakfast conditions. RESULTS: The primary crossover population included 71 patients contributing 188 analysable patient-days. Compared with standard breakfast, the expanded breakfast increased total daily energy intake by +198 kcal/day (95% CI 44 to 352) and protein intake by +6.8 g/day (95% CI 1.0 to 12.5), without a statistically significant increase in total food weight. Daily energy and protein adequacy increased by +8.7 and + 6.8 percentage points, respectively. The increase was driven mainly by breakfast intake, with no measurable reduction in non-breakfast intake. CONCLUSIONS: A limited expansion of the ordinary hospital breakfast buffet increased total daily energy and protein intakes in the primary crossover population of hospitalised adults who consumed breakfast. This increase occurred without a statistically significant increase in total food weight or a measurable reduction in non-breakfast intake. Small, preference-informed additions of familiar energy- and protein-rich foods at breakfast may improve daily intake by increasing the nutrient yield of foods patients are able or willing to eat.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Interface-dependent V. parahaemolyticus biofilm under varying temperatures, media, and oxygen conditions: implications for seafood safety.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilms play a critical role in pathogen persistence in marine and seafood-processing environments, where oxygen availability, temperature, and surface interfaces vary widely. This study investigated biofilm development by three strains on partially submerged stainless-steel coupons under gas-liquid-wall (GLW) and fully submerged (SM) interfaces. Viable cell counts (log₁₀CFU/cm2) along with normalized protein concentration per viable cell (nProt) and normalized polysaccharide concentration per viable cell (nPol) were measured, under aerobic and anaerobic conditions across a temperature range of 15-30 °C, using tryptic soy broth with 3% NaCl (TSB) and seawater-based medium (SW). GLW biofilms consistently exhibited higher cell counts (6.4-7.3 log₁₀CFU/cm2) compared to SM biofilms (5.9-6.3 log₁₀CFU/cm2), suggesting that enhanced oxygen diffusion promotes bacterial proliferation. Conversely, SM biofilms exhibited significantly higher nProt and nPol levels (p < 0.001), indicating increased production of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix under low-oxygen, high-nutrient conditions. Microscopy and three-dimensional surface plot analyses revealed relatively uniform biofilm layers at the GLW interface, whereas SM biofilms formed heterogeneous, tower-like structures. EPS production was further influenced by medium composition, oxygen, and temperature. SM biofilms grown in SW exhibited significantly higher nProt and nPol than those in TSB under aerobic conditions (p < 0.001), indicating enhanced matrix stabilization. Under anaerobic conditions at 15 °C, nProt and nPol were higher, whereas under aerobic conditions, peak nProt and nPol occurred at elevated temperatures. These findings highlight a trade-off between bacterial growth and matrix production and provide insight into biofilm adaptation and persistence in seafood-processing environments. These insights may help develop improved biofilm control and seafood safety management.

Biofilms↗

PubMed2026

Dual signal-enhanced immunochromatographic test strip based on Au@PtNPs: From sensitive detection of thiamethoxam to multiplex pesticide screening in vegetables.

Immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS) is a rapid analytical technique widely used in environmental and food detection owing to its merits of simple operation and short analysis time. Herein, three-dimensional nanoflower-structured gold‑platinum nanoparticles (Au@PtNPs) were synthesized via a seed-growth method. Compared with conventional gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au@PtNPs exhibited stronger signal intensity, excellent catalytic performance, and efficient antibody binding efficiency. Colorimetric Au@PtNPs-ICTS and catalytic colorimetric Au@PtNPs-ICTS were developed for the sensitive detection of thiamethoxam (THI) in vegetables. The limits of detection (LODs) for colorimetric Au@PtNPs-ICTS and catalytic colorimetric Au@PtNPs-ICTS quantitative analysis were 0.18 ng/mL and 0.093 ng/mL, respectively, representing approximately 3-fold and 6-fold improvement compared to AuNPs-ICTS (0.56 ng/mL). Furthermore, highly sensitive detection of multiple pesticide residues (chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid, and imidacloprid) was achieved by replacing the corresponding target antigens and antibodies, which further verified the universality of this immunochromatographic strategy.

Thiamethoxam↗

PubMed2026

Concerns regarding the three-time-point sampling approach for diurnal transcriptome analysis in adipose tissue: evidence from fasting-independent time-of-day effects.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adipose tissue↗

PubMed2026

Inhibitory mechanism of phloretin on the AgrA LytTR domain-agr operon complex formation and its application in beef.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) represents a major foodborne pathogen whose enterotoxin production poses significant challenges to food safety due to its high environmental resistance and limited efficacy of conventional sterilization. Since the expression of enterotoxins is predominantly governed by the agr quorum sensing system, targeting this regulatory pathway has become a strategic choice for virulence control. This study elucidated the mechanism by which phloretin, a potential quorum sensing inhibitor, interferes with the agr system to attenuate virulence. To achieve this, the recombinant AgrA LytTR domain was expressed and purified, and its interaction with phloretin was characterized using thermal shift assays (TSA), electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results showed that phloretin specifically binds to the AgrA LytTR domain, enhancing its thermal stability and disrupting AgrA LytTR-agr operon binding by reducing the free energy of interaction between them, without causing significant structural rearrangement. Mechanistic analysis indicated that phloretin sterically hinders key β-sheet turn residues (HIS169, ASN201, ARG233), thereby impairing DNA recognition, downregulating RNAIII transcription, and inhibiting agr signaling. In cooked beef, phloretin significantly inhibited the secretion of enterotoxins and α-hemolysin, while delaying lipid oxidation and protein degradation, and maintaining the meat texture. These findings suggested that phloretin is a multifunctional substance with anti-virulence, antioxidant, and preservative properties, demonstrating its potential as a natural food preservative.

Phloretin↗

PubMed2026

Morphology-engineered NiFe@C nanocages boosting electrochemical quantification of ractopamine in meat samples.

It is essential to acquire efficient electrocatalysts to develop ractopamine (RAC) electrochemical sensors. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of carbon coated NiFe alloy nanostructures (e.g., NiFe@C nanoparticles, nanocubes and nanocages) using NiFe Prussian blue analogue (PBA) as the precursor. The NiFe@C nanocages exhibited the best electrocatalytic performance for RAC sensing. This is attributed to the embedded NiFe alloy nanoparticles that provide abundant active sites, and the unique nanocage structure facilitates electron transfer pathways while offering a high specific surface area. The resulting sensor achieves a low detection limit (LOD) of 54 nM (S/N = 3) within a linear range of 0.2-12 μM. Moreover, the sensor demonstrates good reproducibility, stability, and excellent long-term stability. Practical applicability was confirmed in meat samples, yielding satisfactory recovery rates ranging from 98% to 108%. A feasible strategy was introduced herein for rational design of metal@carbon electrocatalysts.

Phenethylamines↗

PubMed2026

Non-destructive prediction of lead content in oilseed rape leaves by fluorescence hyperspectral technology based on neural network.

Based on fluorescence hyperspectral imaging (FHSI), this study targeted rapid, non-destructive quantification of lead (Pb) content in oilseed rape leaves treated with varying silicon (Si) concentrations, acquiring fluorescence spectra over the 484.43-1001.61 nm wavelength range. To optimize spectral data quality, preprocessing methods (Savitzky-Golay smoothing, first derivative, detrending) were comprehensively compared. Characteristic wavelengths were then selected via interval variable iterative shrinkage, which effectively compressed data dimensionality and reduced computational load. A hybrid SE-CL1DA model, fusing a 1D convolutional neural network, a long short-term memory network and SE attention mechanism was constructed, with Bayesian optimization tuning hyperparameters to boost stability. The BO-SE-CL1DA outperformed both traditional machine learning and insufficiently optimized deep learning model (Rp2=0.9609, RMSE = 0.0377 mg/kg, RPD = 5.1736), thus enabling accurate Pb estimation, supporting Si-regulated heavy metal stress management and facilitating agricultural contamination monitoring.

Plant Leaves↗

PubMed2026

Machine learning-assisted Mn-N-C nanozyme colorimetric sensor array for trace-level detection of biogenic amines in meat.

Accurate detection of biogenic amines (BAs) in meat remains challenging due to their high structural similarity and co-occurrence. Herein, an Mn-N-C nanozyme was synthesized via a metal-organic framework confined pyrolysis strategy, possessing excellent oxidase (OXD)- and peroxidase (POD)-like activities. The dual enzyme-like activity showed Km values of 0.1584 mM (OXD) and 0.1498 mM (POD), respectively, in detection system. Leveraging these properties, a colorimetric sensor array was constructed, enabling the detection of four representative BAs within a concentration range of 2-10 ppm with 100% classification accuracy. In addition, a concentration independent recognition model based on an artificial neural network was developed to address signal nonlinearity interference in meat. The integrated system achieved accurate trace-level identification of BAs in perishable fish, pork, and chicken, demonstrating its applicability for early-stage BAs monitoring and quality deterioration warning during storage and transportation.

Biogenic Amines↗