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PubMed2026

Evaluation of the effects of domestic tomato processing on biopesticide residue using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) extractions.

The present study evaluated the fate of fourteen botanical biopesticides in processed tomato samples. Various processing methods were employed, including washing, dehydration, and the preparation of juice and sauce. The extraction was performed using more sustainable techniques, aimed at minimizing the environmental impact of conventional organic solvents by substituting them with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). Solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFOD) were utilized for solid and liquid tomato samples, respectively. The NADES used was choline chloride:2,3-butanediol (ChClBt) at a 1:4 molar ratio for both techniques, resulting in recovery values ranging from 69.2 to 106.2% for SLE, and extraction efficiencies reaching up to 46.2% for DLLME-SFOD. The impact of these processes was evaluated employing the processing factor (PF), yielding PF values of less than 1 in all cases. Compounds as pyrethrins, azadirachtin, and rotenone persisted after processing, posing a potential consumer risk.

Solanum lycopersicum↗

PubMed2026

Indigenous and local knowledge inclusion in forest fauna research: A systematic review in the tropics.

Indigenous and Local Knowledge (ILK) is an expression of biocultural diversity and is vital for inclusive and sustainable forest management and epistemic justice. We examine how researchers studying tropical forest fauna engage with ILK and the Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLC) who are holders of this knowledge. We conducted a systematic review of 62 articles that focus on tropical forest fauna and ILK. We used a category-based quantitative and qualitative content analysis on the types of forest fauna studied and how research engages with, defines and represents ILK. We also evaluated the varied forms of inclusion of IPLC in the research. We find that less than half of the reviewed studies (25) explicitly define ILK, and only four studies reported including IPLC in the decision-making processes. Our findings reveal that science has not fully acknowledged and understood the depth of ILK and we suggest ways to address this in future research.

Forests↗

PubMed2026

In vitro EVALUATION OF Beauveria bassiana ISOLATES AGAINST GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES FROM GOATS.

Biological control has emerged as a promising alternative for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants. However, additional information is still needed on the nematicidal portencial of Beauveria bassiana and on the early interaction between fungal conidia and infective larvae. In this study, six B. bassiana isolates (LCMS19-LCMS24) were evaluated in vitro using a coproculture assay with fecal samples from naturally infected goats. Larval recovery was compared with that of an untreated control to estimate the percentage reduction in third-stage larvae (L3). The most effective isolate was subsequently examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize its interaction with L3. All isolates reduced L3 recovery compared with the control, although their efficacy differed. LCMS21 showed the greatest reduction in L3 recovery and differed significantly from the other treatments. SEM revealed extensive adhesion of LCMS21 conidia to the L3 cuticle, in the anterior and median regions. However, no clear evidence of conidial germination, germ tube formation, cuticle penetration, or hyphal development was observed after 48 or 72 h. These results indicate that B. bassiana isolates differ in their in vitro activity against gastrointestinal nematodes and identify LCMS21 as the most promising isolate among those tested. The ultrastructural observations support an early fungus-larva interaction, but they do not allow the nematicidal effect to be attributed to adhesion. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms involved and to evaluate the potencial application of this isolate in integrated parasite control programs.

Beauveria bassiana↗

PubMed2026

Intraskeletal Variation in Cortical Bone Quantity in a Medieval Italian Sample: A Multivariate Exploratory Approach.

Bioarcheologists interpret skeletal health by examining variability within and between individuals. Studies of bone loss have generated contradictory and conflicting results regarding the onset and severity of age-related bone loss on a global and temporal scale, perhaps due to mismatched methodologies. Intraskeletal comparisons of bone tissue prove challenging precisely because of heterogeneous baselines in quantity and remodeling of cortical bone throughout the skeleton, as well as evolutionary histories and environmental impacts on growth and development. Here we analyze cortical bone indicators from the rib, metacarpal, and femoral cortical bone in a subset of individuals (n = 72) regions from the medieval Italian archaeological site of Pieve di Pava. To facilitate intraskeletal comparisons across elements with different biological baselines, we standardize cortical bone parameters using z-scores. Variation in relative intraskeletal cortical bone was assessed using accessible multivariate methods (principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis). Results suggest an association between femoral and metacarpal cortical bone values, with stochastic trends in metacarpal and femoral relative bone quantity in relation to the rib bone quantity at the sample level. Our study demonstrates that while intraskeletal analyses are challenging, they are made more robust by synthesizing multivariate methods alongside exploratory data analysis (EDA) methods to tack between sample-level and individual-level scales and variability. Ultimately, we advocate for leveraging multivariate techniques not as a final step, but rather as a means of generating new hypotheses and challenging tendencies to a priori establish typological groups in the research process.

Skeleton↗

PubMed2026

Getting to the Core of the Matter-Assessing the Role of Replication in Metabarcoding-Based sedaDNA.

Replication is central to most experimental and sampling designs, increasing inferential power and capturing fine-scale data heterogeneity. However, its importance remains poorly evaluated in some ecological and evolutionary settings. This is the case of metabarcoding studies using DNA recovered from sedimentary archives, in which biological signals integrate ecological information through depositional and burial processes, yet are commonly inferred from a single sediment core per site. Here, we evaluated the effect of different types of replication using sedimentary DNA metabarcoding data from two genetic markers (mitochondrial COI and nuclear 18S) using a nested sampling design. The design included three intertidal sites, three spatially separated sediment cores per site (biological replicates), two sediment horizons per core, and eight PCR (technical) replicates per sediment sample. Variance partitioning showed that site identity and sediment age group together explained > 70% of the variation in beta diversity, indicating that among-site spatial and stratigraphic differences were the dominant drivers of community composition. PERMANOVA likewise identified non-significant effects of biological replication. Among PCR replicates from the same sediment sample, richness varied substantially, whereas Shannon diversity was more consistent. Despite this variability, differences in community composition among technical replicates remained smaller than those associated with biological replication or site identity, indicating a limited influence on broader ecological patterns. Community composition was highly similar among replicate cores within sites, consistent with stratigraphic coherence. These results indicate limited within-site heterogeneity and suggest that, under stratigraphically coherent conditions, increasing biological replication may provide little additional information, whereas enhancing technical replication and stratigraphic resolution can improve ecological inference from sedimentary DNA metabarcoding datasets.

DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic↗

PubMed2026

Biomonitoring of industrial heavy metal pollution via enzymatic and metabolic responses in desert ants (Cataglyphis savignyi) and beetles (Tentyrum sp) as bioindicators.

The current work seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of Cataglyphis saviginyi and Tentyrum sp as indicators of pollution in the city's main industrial regions by analyzing their enzymatic activity and primary metabolites. Soil samples were collected at each site under investigation to analyze soil characteristics and heavy metal content. C. saviginyi and Tentyrum sp were collected across four consecutive seasons (2023-2024) to investigate enzymatic (GPT, GOT, ALP, ACP, LDH) and metabolic (lipid, protein, carbohydrate) biomarkers. The physicochemical properties of the soil differed substantially between the industrial areas and the control site. Soil heavy metal buildup was highest at industrial sites (1 and 4) compared to the control site, with the order being Zn > Cr > Cd > Cu. Heavy metal pollution indices were determined. Increased industrial activity from metal industries, ceramics, and chemical painting companies defines this area, as seen by the high Cdeg, mCd, PI, and PLI values derived for industrial sites 1 and 4. While C. saviginyi and Tentyrum sp deconcentrated and released Cr, Cd, and Zn into the soil via the biological accumulation factor (BAF), Cu acted as a macro-concentrator. Compared with the control site, industrial environments were shown to increase levels of GPT, GOT, LDH, ACP, protein, and carbohydrates in C. saviginyi. However, lipid and ALP activity was suppressed. at industrial sites, Tentyrum sp carbohydrate content was higher than at control sites, but GPT, GOT, ALP, ACP, LDH, protein, and lipid activities were all suppressed. Consequently, enzymatic and metabolic biomarkers proved to be sensitive indicators for assessing industrial heavy metal pollution in desert ecosystems.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Predictive evolutionary genomics: principles, validation, and practice.

Climate change and habitat loss are driving rapid evolutionary responses in populations world-wide, which creates an urgent need for evolutionary forecasting in conservation and agriculture. Such forecasting can be categorized into three time scales: trait-based models that use multivariate quantitative genetic equations to project correlated phenotypic responses up to c. 20 generations, allele-based analyses that model allele frequency dynamics up to 100 generations, and composite adaptation scores that aggregate many small effects to yield predictions across longer horizons. However, these approaches have remained largely disconnected. Here, we present a Bayesian framework that integrates these three complementary approaches for evolutionary prediction. Our framework combines genomic, phenotypic, and environmental data to yield probabilistic predictions with explicit uncertainty. We show how predictive evolutionary forecasts can be validated with experimental evolution, field experimentation, historical specimens, and reciprocal transplants. These validated forecasts can help advance conservation and agricultural programmes by helping predict which populations are at risk of future extinction, optimizing breeding programmes for future climates, and planning ecosystem management under environmental change. By supporting a shift towards more predictive approaches in evolutionary biology, this framework may help improve our ability to manage biodiversity and food security in a changing world.

Genomics↗

PubMed2026

Elucidation of microbial community structure, small-molecule metabolic and flavor profile characteristics in Xuanwei ham under different processing techniques.

This study systematically compared the impacts of traditional (TH) and modern (MH) processing techniques on the physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, metabolome, and volatile aroma compounds of Xuanwei ham. The results showed that the TH group had higher moisture content and water activity, along with a more tender texture, whereas the MH group exhibited greater hardness and chewiness. Microbiological analysis revealed that the interior of the MH group had higher species richness of both fungi and bacteria, while the TH group maintained higher fungal diversity. Metabolomic analysis identified 112 differential metabolites, with sweet amino acids and certain lipids being more enriched in modern ham, whereas traditional ham contained higher levels of umami amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and flavor compounds such as carnosine. KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that the differences were primarily concentrated in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways. Volatile flavoromics analysis identified 45 odor-active compounds and screened 15 key aroma-active substances. Among them, modern processed ham was significantly enriched in fatty aldehydes such as (E)-2-nonenal, hexanal, nonanal, and octanal, whereas traditional processed ham was characterized by 1-octen-3-ol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, methional, acetoin, and benzeneacetaldehyde. Correlation analysis confirmed that dominant microbes in Xuanwei ham were significantly associated with differential metabolites and characteristic aroma compounds, respectively. This study provides a scientific basis for standardizing production processes, enabling precise quality control, and promoting high-quality industrial development of Xuanwei ham.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Saliva-based RT-LAMP assays support heat shock protein 70 as a promising transcript marker for estrus identification in buffaloes.

Buffaloes do not exhibit overt estrus signs particularly during summer, leading to a significant economic loss to farmers. Previous studies have identified several candidate transcripts (HSP70, TIMP1, TLR4 and HSD17B1), abundant in buffalo saliva during estrus stage. However, there is no widely applicable technology for estrus detection targeting these transcripts. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays for these candidate transcripts using buffalo saliva. Saliva samples were collected from 10 cyclic buffaloes and RT-LAMP assays were optimized for salivary RNA as well as direct saliva. Among the four candidate transcripts, HSP70 showed a statistically significant colour change (p-value = 0.0191) at the estrus stage compared to the diestrus stage. This abundance of HSP70 was also supported in large simulated population datasets (10,000 animals) generated using R. Further, the RT-LAMP assays were tested using direct saliva without RNA isolation, and the colour change in the samples during estrus suggested the feasibility of estrus identification using direct saliva, overcoming the tedious step of RNA isolation. The detection of HSP70 using either direct saliva or salivary RNA indicated its potential as a marker for estrus identification. Similarly, TLR4 appeared to be another potential biomarker for RT-LAMP reaction using direct saliva, but it needs further validation in both RNA and direct saliva samples. Overall, the proof-of-concept on RT-LAMP assays optimized for salivary transcripts in the present study would be useful for estrus identification in tropical production systems following further validation on a larger sample size.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Mineral-driven molecular signatures of energy metabolism underpin sperm motility in buffalo.

The success of spermatogenesis depends on the interplay of various biomolecules that ultimately determine sperm quality. In this study, RNA-seq analysis of frozen-thawed buffalo sperm (n = 8) revealed the presence of 263 mineral-associated genes (>1 FPKM) in high (n = 4) and 181 in low motile (n = 4) sperm groups. Among these, 177 mineral-associated genes were commonly expressed between them, and the majority were upregulated (>1 fold), LOC102391588 (ncRNA; 37-fold), ZNF699 (26.5-fold), MYZAP (13-fold), etc., in the high motile group. The expression of selected mineral-associated genes was validated. The top enriched functions in commonly expressed genes were regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (FDR: 4.7 × 10⁻2; ZNF331, ZNF692, ZNF180, etc.), followed by spermatogenesis (FDR: 2.9 × 10⁻2; CALR3, ADAM18, ADAM29, etc.), proton transmembrane transport (FDR: 4.0 × 10⁻2; ATP6V0E1, ATP1A4, ATP6V1B2, etc.) and flagellated sperm motility (FDR: 2.3 × 10⁻1; CATSPERD, EFCAB6, CABS1, etc.). Additionally, the chromatin remodeling pathway (FDR: 3 × 10⁻2; PTP4A1, PPM1A, DUSP1, etc.) emerged as the most significant and may suggest that these minerals influence genome packaging and sperm functionality. Mineral-associated genes were predominantly associated with zinc (49%), followed by calcium (20%), phosphorus (10%), iron (5%), sodium (2%), potassium (2%), copper (1%) and other trace elements (11%). Although the current study uses frozen-thawed sperm, the findings indicate that mineral-associated genes are crucial for promoting membrane stability, energy production, motility and chromatin integrity, which may contribute to the superior fertilizing ability of sperm.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Multiscale Modeling Primer: Focus on Chromatin and Epigenetics.

A central challenge in modern biology is to understand how molecular interactions produce cellular and organismal functions across vast spatiotemporal scales. Nowhere is this challenge more apparent than in the study of chromatin, where meters of DNA compact into a micron-sized nucleus. How this polymer folds is a dynamic process, regulated by epigenetic modifications-chemical changes to DNA and histones that involve only a handful of atoms. These small changes cooperate to produce emergent, higher-order structures that define cellular identity and function. To explain this system, we must integrate static, high-resolution snapshots from techniques like cryo-EM with dynamic, lower-resolution data from microscopy and genomics. Multiscale computational models are essential tools that bridge these experimental gaps and reveal the mechanisms of emergent behavior. However, the communication divide between experimental biologists and quantitative modelers often hampers progress. This primer addresses that gap. It first introduces the fundamental biology of chromatin and epigenetics at an introductory level for non-biologists audiences. We then survey the landscape of computational approaches, from atomistic to systems-level models, and connect them to the experimental data that inform and validate them at an introductory level for non-computationalists. We argue that the next frontier will require us to build integrative models that can predict how molecular perturbations mechanistically alter cellular phenotypes, which will open a new era of chromatin-targeted therapeutics.

Chromatin Dynamics↗

PubMed2026

Toxicological effects of propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate on gallstone pathogenesis: An integrated mendelian randomization, network toxicology, and experimental study.

BACKGROUND: Gallstone disease is a prevalent digestive disorder with substantial global socioeconomic burden. Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (PP), a widely used paraben preservative, exhibits potential metabolic and hepatic toxicity, yet its role in gallstone pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the causal association between PP exposure and gallstone formation and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. Network toxicology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation were applied to screen for core targets. In vivo experiments, transcriptome sequencing, Western blot (WB), and ELISA were conducted for mechanistic validation. RESULTS: MR confirmed a causal link between circulating PP levels and an elevated risk of gallstones (P < 0.05), with AKT1 identified as the key target. In mice, PP aggravated gallstone formation by activating the AKT1-NF-κB-CXCL1 pathway, enhancing hepatic inflammation and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation; these effects were reversed by AKT inhibition. CONCLUSION: PP promotes gallstone formation via the AKT1-NF-κB-CXCL1-NETs axis. Our findings highlight PP as an environmental risk factor for gallstones, providing novel insights into their prevention and targeted therapy.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Plasma proteomics reveal SERPINA1 and CD59 as candidate biomarkers for COVID-19 severity stratification and prognosis prediction.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has been closely associated with coagulation abnormalities. However, existing biomarkers, including D-dimer and fibrin degradation products (FDP), exhibit limited accuracy in stratifying disease severity and predicting long-term clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to use proteomic analysis to identify plasma biomarkers associated with COVID-19 severity and prognosis, and validate their predictive utility for mortality and thromboembolic complications. METHODS: Plasma proteomic profiles were analyzed across three COVID-19 severity classes. Differential expression analysis and functional analysis were performed. Clustering analysis was used to identify proteins correlated with disease severity. Candidate biomarkers were validated in an independent cohort. Predictive performance of the biomarkers for mortality, sepsis and venous thromboembolism was evaluated using bootstrap-corrected ROC analyses and multivariable regression analyses. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis revealed progressive involvement of the coagulation and complement pathway with increasing disease severity. SERPINA1 and CD59 were identified as candidate biomarkers and exhibited significantly higher plasma levels in severe cases. Bootstrap-corrected ROC analyses demonstrated strong predictive performance: SERPINA1 achieved AUCs of 0.775 and 0.924 for 30-day and 12-month mortality, and CD59 achieved AUCs of 0.720 for sepsis; the combined model further improved prediction of 12-month mortality (AUC 0.946) and sepsis (AUC 0.904), outperforming D-dimer and FDP. Multivariable regression confirmed their independent prognostic value. CONCLUSION: This exploratory study identifies SERPINA1 and CD59 as candidate prognostic biomarkers in COVID-19, highlighting the role of coagulation and complement-related pathways in disease severity and warranting further prospective validation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Endocrine-disrupting chemical-induced gene networks confer coronary heart disease risk revealed by causal inference and single-cell analyses.

BACKGROUND: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are linked to coronary heart disease (CHD), but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We aimed to identify EDC-related genes and evaluate their causal roles in CHD. METHODS: We curated EDC-related genes from a compound-gene interaction database and integrated them with CHD genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics and tissue-specific expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and Bayesian colocalization were applied to infer causality. Functional enrichment, single-cell RNA sequencing of human coronary arteries, and EDC-gene networks were further analyzed. RESULTS: After FDR correction, 39 genes were significantly associated with CHD risk via MR. Four genes-ZNF827, FCHO1, IPO9 (protective), and RPL13 (risk-increasing)-showed strong colocalization (PPH4 > 0.9). Pathway and single-cell analyses of coronary artery tissue indicated that vascular and immune pathways mediate these effects. An interaction network highlighted associations between specific EDCs and candidate genes implicated in CHD susceptibility. CONCLUSION: This integrative genomic study provides evidence that EDCs influence CHD susceptibility through distinct gene networks, revealing potential mechanisms and molecular targets for prevention and therapy.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Does high fructose consumption trigger microglia activation and neuroinflammation? A systematic review.

This systematic review evaluated the effects of fructose intake on neuroinflammatory markers in rodent models. The search terms Fructose AND neuroinflammation OR Neurodegeneration OR chemokines OR interleukins OR microglia OR behaviour OR memory OR cognition were used in Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science. Thirteen animal studies investigating fructose-induced neuroinflammation that matched the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Across the studies, 16 inflammatory markers were identified and significantly altered following exposure to fructose. The findings consistently demonstrated elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, following fructose administration. Fructose consumption also dysregulated MCP-1, fractalkine, and CX3CR1 levels, thereby promoting inflammatory signalling and microglial activation. Furthermore, fructose exposure significantly increased IBA-1 and CD11b, indicating sustained neuroimmune activation. Alterations in important inflammatory pathways involving TLR4, NLRP3, NF-κB, MyD88, iNOS, and cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) were also observed. In contrast, expression of the anti-inflammatory regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was reduced after fructose treatment. Overall, the findings suggest that chronic fructose consumption induces neuroinflammation through multiple inflammatory and immune-related mechanisms in the brain. These effects appear to be dose- and duration-dependent and may contribute significantly to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment.

Microglia↗

PubMed2026

Identifying biomarkers of accelerated ageing in cancer patients from routine clinical data.

INTRODUCTION: Cancer and ageing have a bidirectional relationship: age is the strongest risk factor for cancer, and cancer and treatments can accelerate ageing. Therefore, biological age can differ from chronological age; biomarkers are needed to stratify interventions to minimise accelerated ageing. METHODS: PhenoAge was calculated from routine blood test results of patients attending a Geriatric Oncology clinic. PhenoAgeAccel was the residual from a regression of PhenoAge against age. RESULTS: Data were available for 173 patients (62% male). Mean PhenoAge was higher than age (84.3 (12.6) vs 76.2 (7.24), p < 0.001), though the two were correlated (r = 0.579, p < 0.001). Unlike age, PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel were associated with one-year mortality (PhenoAge OR=1.083, 95% CI: 1.038-1.136; PhenoAgeAccel OR=1.096, 95% CI: 1.047-1.155). PhenoAge correlated with Clinical Frailty Score and Timed Up and Go (CFS: Rs=0.31, p < 0.001; TUG: Rs=0.25, p < 0.005); there were no correlations with age. PhenoAgeAccel correlated with the number of CGA interventions made (Rs=0.17, p < 0.05), unlike age and PhenoAge. Patients with diabetes mellitus had a higher PhenoAgeAccel compared to those without (3.40 vs -1.71, p = 0.002). In patients receiving systemic anti-cancer treatment, patients with PhenoAgeAccel calculated pre-treatment had less age acceleration than those with PhenoAgeAccel calculated post-treatment, both overall (2.18 vs -2.87; p = 0.048) and in matched samples (n = 21, 7.76 vs -2.87, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PhenoAgeAccel is a greater predictor of risk than chronological age in older people with cancer. This makes it a promising biomarker to stratify patients for holistic geriatric assessment, dose reductions, or future geroprotective measures which could be integrated within electronic healthcare record systems.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Multi-omics analysis reveals coordinated epigenetic dysregulation in atrazine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity.

Atrazine (ATR), a widely used triazine herbicide, has been linked to neurotoxicity, yet the epigenetic mechanisms underlying its dopaminergic effects remain unclear. This study investigated whether coordinated miRNA dysregulation and DNA methylation alterations contribute to ATR-induced Parkinson's disease (PD)-like neurotoxicity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered ATR (50 mg/kg/day) for 90 days, resulting in motor and cognitive deficits with dopaminergic dysfunction, including increased α-synuclein and reduced tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Small RNA sequencing identified 72 differentially expressed miRNAs in the substantia nigra, enriched in PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and Ras signaling pathways. In a cohort of six PD patients and six matched controls, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling revealed 4694 differentially methylated positions, predominantly hypomethylated, with overlapping enrichment in neuronal signaling pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified a PD-associated module strongly correlated with disease status (r = -0.95, P < 0.001). Multi-omics integration identified CASP3 as a central hub gene. External validation supported CASP3 relevance in PD (AUC = 0.833), and molecular docking suggested potential ATR-CASP3 interaction. Further analysis predicted upregulated miR-3552 as a potential upstream regulator of CASP3. These findings indicate that ATR-induced neurotoxicity may be mediated through the miR-3552/CASP3 signaling axis, ultimately regulating apoptosis and contributing to neurodegeneration.

Animals↗

PubMed2025

Double-Axis Maxillary Skeletal Expander Suggests Higher Expansion Efficiency in Early Activation: A Finite Element Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Conventional single-axis maxillary skeletal expanders (MSE) have some drawbacks, such as limited control over maxillary expansion and possible asymmetric expansion between the anterior nasal spine (ANS) and posterior nasal spine (PNS). This report introduces a double-axis maxillary skeletal expander (DAMSE) concept to overcome these drawbacks and enhance the efficiency of maxillary skeletal expansion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five different DAMSE designs were compared with a conventional single-axis MSE. Finite element analysis was performed to analyse their expansion efficiency, stress magnitude and distribution occurring in a simplified bone model. RESULTS: DAMSE outperformed the single-axis MSE and provided better control over ANS and PNS expansion. During early activation, the highest expansion efficiency (31.7%) was achieved by DAMSE Model V, 13% more efficient than the single-axis MSE. This efficiency was increased to 100.8% by combining the DAMSE Model V with midpalatal suture surgery. However, with the simplified bone model, the current study could not demonstrate that DAMSE can resolve the issue of asymmetric expansion between ANS and PNS. CONCLUSIONS: An appropriately designed DAMSE can be a promising tool for maxillary expansion treatment. DAMSE offers more efficient treatment than the conventional single-axis MSE while maintaining similar levels of patient comfort and invasiveness.

Finite Element Analysis↗