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Evaluation of the effects of domestic tomato processing on biopesticide residue using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) extractions.

Alba Reyes-Ávila·Laura Carbonell-Rozas·Antonia Garrido Frenich·Roberto Romero-González
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Abstract

The present study evaluated the fate of fourteen botanical biopesticides in processed tomato samples. Various processing methods were employed, including washing, dehydration, and the preparation of juice and sauce. The extraction was performed using more sustainable techniques, aimed at minimizing the environmental impact of conventional organic solvents by substituting them with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). Solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFOD) were utilized for solid and liquid tomato samples, respectively. The NADES used was choline chloride:2,3-butanediol (ChClBt) at a 1:4 molar ratio for both techniques, resulting in recovery values ranging from 69.2 to 106.2% for SLE, and extraction efficiencies reaching up to 46.2% for DLLME-SFOD. The impact of these processes was evaluated employing the processing factor (PF), yielding PF values of less than 1 in all cases. Compounds as pyrethrins, azadirachtin, and rotenone persisted after processing, posing a potential consumer risk.

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Solanum lycopersicumPesticide ResiduesDeep Eutectic SolventsFood ContaminationBiological Control AgentsFood HandlingFruitLiquid Phase MicroextractionBiopesticidesHRMSNADESProcessing factorsTomatoJournal ArticleEvaluation Study

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Alba Reyes-Ávila, Laura Carbonell-Rozas, Antonia Garrido Frenich, Roberto Romero-González. 2026-07-07. Evaluation of the effects of domestic tomato processing on biopesticide residue using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) extractions.. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.150324

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Biological Control Agents subjectFood Contamination subjectFruit subjectJournal Article subject

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