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40 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

Cross-kingdom dynamics of the subgingival bacteriome and mycobiome: A pilot study on the effects of a novel HA-H₂O₂-Glycine formulation to treat periodontitis.

OBJECTIVES: Traditional periodontal therapy primarily focuses on bacterial biofilm control; however, recent evidence also suggests a critical role for the oral mycobiome. This study evaluated the clinical and ecological impact of a novel mouthwash formulation containing hyaluronic acid (HA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and glycine on periodontal patients METHODS: This prospective, randomized split-mouth trial included 13 adult participants with periodontitis treated with HA-H2O2-glycine formula (BMG0703A) used twice a day for seven days. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from periodontal pocket and healthy control sites at baseline (T0) and one-week post-treatment (T1). Microbial and fungal communities were characterized using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA and ITS2 regions. Linear Mixed Models (LMM) and Spearman correlation were used to assess taxonomic shifts and cross-kingdom relationships. RESULTS: Sequencing revealed a promising ecological shift: the bacteriome shifted from anaerobic dominance (Olsenella, Peptostreptococcus) toward a health-associated aerobic profile, with Rothia near-doubling (11.91% to 22.68%). The mycobiome underwent a "normalization" effect: Candida abundance decreased significantly (22.8% to 9.1%), while fungal Shannon diversity in pockets returned to healthy-site levels. Inter-kingdom analysis identified antagonistic relationships between expanding commensal bacteria and opportunistic fungi, suggesting that the intervention may help re-establish a protective bacterial niche. CONCLUSIONS: The HA-H2O2-glycine formulation seems to facilitate a rapid, cross-kingdom modulation of the subgingival niche. By reducing anaerobic pathogens and normalizing the mycobiome it appear to induce short-term changes, suggesting potential as adjunctive strategy in periodontal management. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The present work underlines the possible cross-Kingdom effects of a novel compound.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Activity of Aztreonam-avibactam and Ceftazidime-Avibactam against Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing infections in patients hospitalized in hematology, oncology, and transplant units from United States medical centres (2019-2024).

Immunosuppression increases the risks and severity of infections and is associated with a higher incidence of infection with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. We evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients hospitalized in hospital units where the frequency of immunosuppressed patients is very high. Bacterial isolates were consecutively collected (1/patient) from 75 US medical centres in 2019-2024 and susceptibility tested by broth microdilution. Enterobacterales (n = 2,407) and P. aeruginosa (n = 485) from patients hospitalized in hematology, oncology, and transplant units were evaluated. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) were screened for β-lactamases by whole genome sequencing. Enterobacterales were mainly from bloodstream infection (BSI; 53.6%) and urinary tract infection (19.9%) and P. aeruginosa were mainly from BSI (37.9%) and pneumonia (35.0%). Aztreonam-avibactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, and meropenem-vaborbactam were highly active against Enterobacterales (99.9-99.4% susceptible), including MDR isolates (99.6-98.1% susceptible), but only aztreonam-avibactam exhibited good activity against CRE (95.8% susceptible). Ceftolozane-tazobactam showed good activity against Escherichia coli (95.7% S) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (92.8% S), but limited activity against Enterobacter cloacae species complex (75.9% susceptible). All (100.0%) carbapenemase (CBase)-producing CRE isolates were aztreonam-avibactam-susceptible while 77.4% were ceftazidime-avibactam-susceptible and 67.7% were meropenem-vaborbactam-susceptible. The most common CBases were KPC (41.7%), NDM (12.5%), and OXA-48 types (10.4%). Metallo-β-lactamases represented 23.5% of CBases and were identified in 16.7% of CREs. The most active agents against P. aeruginosa were ceftazidime-avibactam (95.7% susceptible), ceftolozane-tazobactam (94.8% susceptible), and tobramycin (91.5% susceptible). Piperacillin-tazobactam and meropenem were active against 81.4% and 82.5% of P. aeruginosa, respectively, and aztreonam-avibactam inhibited 78.6% of P. aeruginosa at ≤8 mg/L.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Comparative assessment of post-transport disease susceptibility in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer): Associations with oxidative stress, immune responses, gut microbiota, and tissue pathology.

Stress is a crucial factor that affects aquaculture systems, particularly during transportation, which often leads to deteriorated fish health and reduced survival rates. This study aimed to investigate the comparative differences in physiological changes, oxidative stress parameters, and immune responses between clinically healthy and diseased Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) following commercial transportation. The study compared the health status of fish after transportation, categorized into healthy (Healthy) and diseased (Disease) groups. Assessments were conducted on oxidative stress parameters, immune responses, gut microbiota composition, and tissue pathology. The results showed that diseased fish exhibited significantly higher oxidative stress levels (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05), as indicated by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and altered antioxidant and redox-related markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), measured across multiple target tissues (head kidney, gills, liver, intestine, and brain), compared with healthy fish. Furthermore, the expression of immune-related genes was significantly downregulated in diseased fish after transportation, indicating immune suppression. In contrast, healthy fish maintained a more balanced immune response, which may partially mitigate the adverse effects of transport-induced stress. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that diseased fish had a significant reduction in beneficial bacteria such as Cetobacterium somerae and Bacillus spp., accompanied by a significant (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05) increase in opportunistic pathogens including Aeromonas spp., Photobacterium spp., and Vibrio spp. Histopathological examination showed severe damage in the gills, liver, and intestines of diseased fish (P&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05), while only minor tissue alterations were observed in healthy fish. Overall, the findings indicate that post-transport diseased Asian seabass exhibit marked oxidative stress, impaired antioxidant defense, altered immune responses, gut microbial dysbiosis, and multi-organ tissue damage compared with clinically healthy post-transport fish. These results suggest that deterioration of transport conditions may contribute to post-transport morbidity and disease susceptibility.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Characterization and application potential of two newly isolated phages targeting the prevalent multidrug resistant Salmonella serovars in China.

The escalating global threat of multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella, a foodborne pathogen with animal-derived foods serving as the primary transmission vehicle, underscores the urgent need for effective lytic phages for biocontrol. From 142 environmental and farm samples in Shandong Province, we isolated 103 phages active against MDR S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, which were the most prevalent Salmonella serovars in China. Two Siphoviridae phages vB-SenS-S1 and vB-SenS-SEC2 were selected for further study. With optimal multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 10-2 (vB-SenS-S1) and 10-5 (vB-SenS-SEC2), both phages exhibited a 20&#xa0;min latent period, yielding burst sizes of 52 and 37 PFU/cell, respectively. They also demonstrated stability across a range of temperatures (50-60&#xa0;&#xb0;C), pH levels (5-11), and after 1&#xa0;h of UV exposure. Genomic analysis identified vB-SenS-S1 (43,002&#xa0;bp, 47.04% GC) and vB-SenS-SEC2 (42,948&#xa0;bp, 47.65% GC) as novel double-stranded DNA phages. Functional annotation confirmed the presence of genes essential for structural assembly, host lysis, and DNA replication/metabolism, and also verified the absence of resistance, virulence, and lysogeny-associated genes. Both phages vB-SenS-S1 and vB-SenS-SEC2 exhibited synergy with colistin and tetracycline. The synergy with colistin was particularly potent, leading to complete bacterial eradication in vitro. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy was further validated in both Galleria mellonella larvae and murine models of MDR Salmonella infection. Combination therapy with vB-SenS-SEC2 and colistin not only dramatically increased survival but also achieved a significant reduction in bacterial burden across multiple visceral organs of infected mice. Moreover, vB-SenS-S1 (108 PFU/mL) completely inhibited MDR Salmonella on chicken meat at 4&#xa0;&#xb0;C and -20&#xa0;&#xb0;C when initial contamination was &#x2264;103&#xa0;CFU/mL. This study not only expands the diversity of Salmonella phages but also highlights their potential as biocontrol agents in both clinical veterinary use and food decontamination, thereby enhancing food quality and safety at both the meat production source and the terminal product.

Animals↗