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PubMed2026

Safety and outcomes of dapagliflozin initiation in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: A post-hoc analysis of the defender trial.

BACKGROUND: SGLT2 inhibitor use in acute kidney injury (AKI) is controversial due to concerns about hemodynamic instability. We evaluated dapagliflozin initiation in critically ill patients with AKI enrolled in the DEFENDER trial. METHODS: Among 212 patients with AKI at enrollment (100 dapagliflozin, 112 control), we compared 28-day mortality, kidney replacement therapy (KRT), and composite death/KRT. Adjusted risk differences were estimated controlling for age, sepsis, baseline vasopressor use, and creatinine. Physiological trajectories (creatinine, urine output, fluid balance, acid-base parameters) over days 1-5 were analyzed using mixed models. Likelihood ratios quantified compatibility with clinically meaningful harm or benefit. RESULTS: Event rates were similar: 28-day mortality 38% vs 40%, KRT 12% vs 18%, composite 41% vs 42% (dapagliflozin vs control). Adjusted risk differences were - 1.9% (95% CI -14.5 to 10.7) for death, -7.4% (-16.2 to 1.5) for KRT, and - 0.9% (-13.6 to 11.8) for the composite. Physiological trajectories showed no divergence suggestive of hemodynamic or metabolic instability. Likelihood ratios provided limited separation: at 5% absolute effect threshold, LR against harm was 1.47 and against benefit 1.19. CONCLUSIONS: Dapagliflozin initiation in critically ill patients with AKI was not associated with excess mortality, KRT, or physiological derangement. The near-neutral evidential profile indicates neither moderate harm nor benefit can be excluded, supporting feasibility of dedicated trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in AKI.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Dual Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modulates Hierarchical Functional Network Organization in Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of dual transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and to explore the effects on the hierarchical organization of functional brain networks, ranging from regional synchronization to inter-regional connectivity and global network topology. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial, 74 PSCI patients received conventional therapy alongside either active dual-tDCS (n = 38) or sham stimulation (n = 36). Active tDCS targeted the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) via anodal-left/cathodal-right nodes (2.0 mA, 20 min/day, 20 sessions). The primary outcome was the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Secondary outcomes included the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Stroop Test (ST), Trail Making Test (TMT), Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), and Barthel Index (BI). A subgroup of 36 participants (18 per group) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to analyze regional homogeneity (ReHo), functional connectivity (FC), and network topology. Partial correlations assessed the association between neuroimaging alterations and clinical improvements. RESULTS: The tDCS group showed significantly greater improvements in MoCA scores (tDCS: 5.74 ± 2.76 vs. sham: 2.69 ± 2.69; t = 4.799, p < 0.001) as well as in attention and memory domains compared to the sham group. The rs-fMRI changes included increased ReHo in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and reduced FC between the right MTG-left superior frontal gyrus and left IFG-cerebellum (p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). Additionally, small-worldness and global efficiency increased (p < 0.05) with these alterations correlating with clinical recovery. Adverse events were rare and self-limiting. CONCLUSION: Dual-tDCS over bilateral DLPFC safely improves cognitive recovery in PSCI. These clinical gains are associated with rs-fMRI alterations, specifically in regional synchronization, inter-regional connectivity, and global topology, which suggest a potential biomarker for monitoring tDCS efficacy, offering a rationale for precision neuromodulation in stroke rehabilitation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Integrated photoelectrocatalytic reduction and oxidation processes to achieve efficient degradation of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical wastewater.

Fluorinated organic compounds have been frequently detected in aquatic environments, with the widespread use of fluorinated drugs. The existing processes of urban sewage treatment plants are difficult to completely remove these pollutants containing the persistent C-F bonds. In this work, an integrated system of UV-activated sulfite and UV-assisted electrochemical oxidation was innovatively constructed for efficient degradation of fluoxetine. For the UV-activated sulfite unit system, when the sulfite dosage was 0.5 mmol/L and the initial pH was about 10, the defluorination efficiency of 5 mg/L fluoxetine wastewater under nitrogen atmosphere was about 98 %. Subsequently, the UV-assisted electrochemical oxidation unit system was employed to treat the reduced wastewater mentioned above. When the sodium chloride dosage was 25 mmol/L, the initial pH was about 5, and the current density was 30 mA/cm2, the total organic carbon (TOC) removal of the wastewater arrived at 65 %. Active species capture experiments and ESR tests confirmed that hydrated electrons, hydroxyl, and chlorine radicals were the main components for the efficient degradation of fluoxetine. According to the analysis of Fukui function and HPLC-MS, the degradation pathway of pollutants was proposed including defluorination and mineralization. Meanwhile, the toxicity of intermediates was predicted using the ECOSAR program. In addition, the verification test of actual wastewater treatment indicated that the defluorination and TOC removal efficiency of fluorouracil by the integrated system were similar to those for fluoxetine. This work provided a new approach for the efficient degradation of fluorinated organic pollutants in pharmaceutical wastewater.

Fluoxetine↗

PubMed2026

Micro- and nanoplastics-induced neurotoxicity: a CNS-centered, evidence-graded adverse outcome pathway framework based on systematic weight-of-evidence assessment.

Micro- and nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) are ubiquitous anthropogenic particulate pollutants posing emerging threats to human neurological health. Severe heterogeneity in particle physicochemical properties, environmental aging status, exposure paradigms and experimental platforms has created persistent mechanistic uncertainties in MP/NP neurotoxicology, hindering reliable hazard characterization and risk translation. Here, we systematically consolidate empirical toxicological evidence and construct a dedicated central nervous system (CNS)-targeted adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network integrated with rigorous weight-of-evidence (WoE) grading to elucidate the hierarchical, particle-specific toxic cascades underlying MP/NP-induced neural injury. Our synthesis overturns the conventional linear toxicity paradigm, demonstrating that MPs/NPs trigger neurotoxicity via a complex multi-input mechanistic network. We definitively establish oxidative stress as a robust early convergent key event-rather than a universal molecular initiating event-orchestrating ROS overproduction, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation to propagate neuronal damage. This core module is driven by five distinct particulate upstream triggers: particle-biomolecule interfacial perturbation, corona-facilitated cellular internalization, plastic-associated chemical leaching, aging-derived free radical reactivity, and gut-borne systemic neurotoxic signaling. Downstream pathogenic outcomes encompass glial overactivation, neurotransmitter dyshomeostasis, autophagy-lysosome dysfunction, metabolic reprogramming, regulated neuronal cell death, and behavioral impairments. Tiered WoE analysis confirms strong validation for early oxidative/inflammatory cascades, moderate support for gut-brain axis crosstalk and intracellular trafficking disruption, and nascent evidence for synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration-linked proteostatic defects. Extrapolation to human health risk remains constrained by the frequent use of high-dose exposure paradigms, limited validated data on internal dosimetry in the human brain, discrepancies between effective concentrations in experimental models and environmentally relevant human tissue burdens, and insufficient causal validation of distal adverse outcomes. We highlight key research priorities including aged mixed-particle exposure systems, leachate-controlled assays, quantitative internal dose evaluation, and mechanistic intervention verification. This evidence-stratified AOP framework resolves longstanding mechanistic ambiguities in particulate neurotoxicity, providing a standardized, causality-based foundation for future mechanistic exploration and health risk assessment of global plastic pollution.

Adverse outcome pathway↗

PubMed2026

Oxidative potential of fresh vs. O₃-aged PM2.5 across urban and rural sources in China.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a major health risk, yet its impacts are still largely assessed using mass concentration, which does not capture toxicity. Recently, oxidative potential (OP) has emerged as a more relevant metric, reflecting the ability of particles to generate reactive oxygen species. A current challenge, especially in China, is understanding how emission sources and ozone (O3) aging affect PM2.5 toxicity, given that O3 is an increasingly important pollutant there. A work by Ma and co-workers published in J. Environ. Sci. (doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2024.04.023) addressed this by evaluating the OP of fresh and O3-aged PM2.5 from multiple sources in China using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay. Biomass burning particles exhibited the highest OP, up to 35 times greater than suburban PM2.5, driven by water-soluble organics and transition metals. While O3 aging generally reduced OP, it also induced complex chemical transformations. These findings highlight that PM2.5 toxicity is dynamic and source-dependent, underscoring the need to move beyond mass-based air quality metrics.

Particulate Matter↗

PubMed2026

Molecular Diagnostics for WHO Priority Bacterial Pathogens: A Bibliometric Mapping of Diagnostic Platforms, Resistance Markers, and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Trends.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constrains effective treatment and carries implications for infection control, surveillance, and public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) priority bacterial pathogen framework has intensified the need for diagnostic innovation by redefining research priorities around organisms combining high disease burden with complex resistance profiles. Molecular diagnostics have accordingly moved beyond culture-based workflows, integrating rapid pathogen identification, resistance-marker detection, genomic surveillance, and clinical decision support. The present study conducted a bibliometric mapping of the literature on WHO priority pathogens. Rather than addressing resistance at a general level or a single pathogen or technology, it integrates priority pathogens, molecular platforms, and resistance markers within a single framework, tracing their joint thematic and temporal evolution along an explicit pathogen-platform-marker axis. Scopus-indexed articles and reviews (2000-2025) were retrieved, yielding 1746 publications after screening adapted from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Analyses used Bibliometrix/Biblioshiny, R, and VOSviewer. The literature expanded markedly after 2018, led by China and the United States. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Enterococcus faecium, and the Enterobacterales-carbapenemase axis constituted the principal thematic cores, whereas conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) and whole-genome sequencing were the dominant platforms. Overall, the field has evolved from pathogen detection into an AMR-centered translational domain encompassing resistance prediction, genomic epidemiology, surveillance, and clinical decision support. Diagnostic development, stewardship, and surveillance depend on hybrid workflows coupling rapid marker-targeted assays with genome-based characterization, delivering actionable resistance within clinically meaningful timeframes, and extending coverage to underrepresented pathogens and platforms.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comprehensive assessment of vasospastic angina using coronary computed tomography angiography: synergistic value of the presence of myocardial bridge, perivascular inflammation, and myocardial extracellular volume fraction.

AIMS: Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has evolved beyond anatomical assessment to include sophisticated tissue characterization. While an elevated perivascular fat attenuation index around the right coronary artery (FAI-RCA) is known to reflect coronary inflammation in vasospastic angina (VSA), recurrent vasospasms may also induce chronic subclinical myocardial injury and subsequent remodelling, potentially associated with an increased myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV). However, the diagnostic integration of ECV and FAI-RCA for identifying VSA in patients with angina with non-obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) remains to be elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study included consecutive ANOCA patients who underwent CCTA with a dedicated ECV protocol, followed by an invasive spasm provocation test. Comprehensive CCTA analysis quantified both FAI-RCA and the transmural ECV gradient (the difference between endocardial and epicardial ECV: ECVEndo - ECVEpi). Of the 100 patients analysed (mean age: 65.3 ± 11.8 years; 55% male), 27 were diagnosed with VSA. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified transmural ECV gradient [odds ratio (OR): 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.25], presence of myocardial bridging (MB) (OR: 3.49, 95% CI: 1.25-9.74), and high FAI-RCA (> -70.95 Hounsfield units [HU]) (OR: 5.79, 95% CI: 2.06-16.30) as significant independent predictors of VSA (all P < 0.05). Notably, the integration of transmural ECV gradient provided incremental diagnostic value beyond FAI-RCA and MB, as assessed by the Net Reclassification Improvement and Integrated Discrimination Improvement. CONCLUSION: A multi-parametric CCTA approach potentially identifies patients at high risk for VSA. The significant association of the transmural ECV gradient with VSA suggests that myocardial remodelling imaging provides a novel diagnostic window into the cumulative myocardial impact of vasospasm, independent of active adipose tissue inflammation and the presence of MB.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Delphi study robot consenso: Strategies for the implementation of robotic surgery in general surgery in the Spanish hospital network.

INTRODUCTION: The implementation of robotic surgery in public hospitals presents multiple logistical, educational, and organizational challenges. In the absence of unified guidelines, a national consensus is required to optimize its safe and efficient adoption. This study aimed to establish a set of consensus-based and measurable recommendations for the implementation of robotic surgery programs in hospitals within the Spanish National Health System, based on the experience of centres with established robotic programs and intended to serve as guidance for hospitals that are initiating or planning their implementation. METHODS: A national Delphi study was conducted with the participation of robotic surgery experts from 26 public hospitals. The expert panel was composed exclusively of digestive surgeons with experience in robotic surgery. Three iterative rounds of expert panel evaluation were conducted between March 2024 and March 2025. The questions were grouped into five thematic blocks. Consensus was defined as an agreement level of ≥66.7%. Kendall's W coefficient was used to assess concordance. RESULTS: High levels of consensus were achieved on key aspects related to infrastructure, structured training, cost evaluation, and quality assurance mechanisms. Areas of disagreement were also identified, such as the need for a dedicated anaesthesiologist, purchase of accessory instruments during the initial phase, and official accreditation pathways. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a guideline for developing a national robotic surgery strategy focused on patient safety, program sustainability, and standardized training of surgical teams. These recommendations can guide hospitals at different stages of robotic technology adoption. Given that the consensus was reached from an exclusively surgical perspective, the recommendations focus on patient safety, program sustainability, and standardized training of the surgical team, and should be interpreted in an adaptable manner according to each centre's context, case volume, and available resources.

Cirugía Asistida por Robot↗

PubMed2026

Context-dependent functional diversity of dorsomedial posterior parietal neurons revealed by single-unit fMRI mapping during naturalistic viewing.

The dorsomedial posterior parietal cortex (dmPPC) plays an important role in episodic processing by integrating sensory, cognitive, and motor information across distributed brain systems. However, how individual dmPPC neurons participate in large-scale functional organization during naturalistic experience remains poorly understood. To address this question, we combined single-unit electrophysiology and awake fMRI in five rhesus macaques of both sexes viewing identical naturalistic video stimuli. Using single-unit fMRI mapping, we generated whole-brain neuron-BOLD functional maps by correlating individual neuronal activity with voxel-wise fMRI signals across the brain. We found that neuron-BOLD functional maps exhibited strong context-dependent organization, with neurons recorded during the same video context showing substantially greater similarity than neurons recorded during different video conditions. Compared with neuronal spiking activity or critical fMRI frames alone, neuron-BOLD functional maps more robustly captured contextual structure. Despite this shared large-scale organization, a substantial subset of neighboring neurons recorded simultaneously from the same electrode displayed markedly distinct whole-brain association patterns, revealing substantial local functional heterogeneity within the dmPPC. This local heterogeneity was not readily explained by waveform-based putative cell class or by opposing neuronal firing dynamics. In addition, distributed cortical and medial temporal regions exhibited highly context-dependent neuron-BOLD association patterns during naturalistic viewing. Together, these findings demonstrate that dmPPC neurons participate in dynamic and heterogeneous large-scale functional organization during naturalistic episodic processing. More broadly, this study establishes single-unit fMRI mapping as a framework for linking single-neuron activity to distributed whole-brain dynamics across contextual conditions.Significance Statement Using single-unit fMRI mapping, this study examined how individual dorsomedial posterior parietal cortex (dmPPC) neurons relate to large-scale brain activity during naturalistic video viewing in macaque monkeys. We found that neuron-BOLD functional maps exhibit strong context-dependent organization and capture contextual structure more robustly than neuronal spiking activity or fMRI frames alone. Despite this shared organization, a substantial subset of neighboring dmPPC neurons displayed markedly distinct whole-brain association patterns, revealing local functional heterogeneity that was not readily explained by waveform-based putative cell class or opposing firing dynamics. These findings provide insight into how local neuronal populations participate in distributed brain-wide functional organization during naturalistic episodic processing.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Systematic review of microorganism disinfection performance by chemical and ultraviolet light water treatment methods.

Safe drinking water is critical for public health, yet microbial contamination remains a significant global challenge. We conducted a systematic review to update World Health Organization guidance on water disinfection technologies by synthesizing peer-reviewed literature from 1997 to 2021 on the performance of free chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet (UV) light against bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Following PRISMA guidelines, we analyzed log10 reduction values (LRVs) and contact times (Ct) or fluence (for UV) from laboratory and field studies. We included studies from multiple databases and expert-recommended studies. Results show mean Cts for 2 LRV of non-opportunistic bacteria as 6.0 (free chlorine), 0.4 (chlorine dioxide), and 1.2 (ozone) mg/L*min, and a mean UV fluence of 8.2 mJ/cm² (all bacteria). Viruses required lower Cts, except for UV-resistant adenoviruses, while protozoa required higher Cts or fluences. Opportunistic bacteria required significantly higher Cts than non-opportunistic bacteria for free chlorine and chlorine dioxide. Temperature and pH effects were inconsistent, highlighting data variability and gaps in field studies. These findings support global guidance on water treatment and may be used alongside other context-specific data to understand the roles these technologies play in reducing waterborne exposures. We recommend standardized reporting from performance studies to enable straightforward synthesis of evidence.

Disinfection↗

PubMed2026

ZrO₂@C-based colorimetric/photothermal dual-mode immunosensor coupled with a novel monoclonal antibody for quantification of Aspergillus ochraceus biomass.

Aspergillus ochraceus contaminates agricultural products and produces nephrotoxic, carcinogenic ochratoxin A (OTA), posing severe food safety hazards. A dual-signal lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (dLFIA) based on ZrO₂@C nanoprobes was established for quantitative detection of A. ochraceus biomass. A novel monoclonal antibody (mAb 4B4) was prepared as the capture antibody to immobilize A. ochraceus mycelial lysate antigen on the test line, and a rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb G2801) as the detection antibody to modify ZrO₂@C composites (synthesized via UiO-66 pyrolysis) into 200 nm colorimetric/photothermal nanoprobes. This dLFIA achieved limits of detection of 0.164 μg/mL (colorimetric) and 0.517 μg/mL (photothermal). This efficient and reliable method allows quantitative analysis of A. ochraceus biomass, which is suitable for routine monitoring of fungal contamination in agro-food matrices.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed2026

Health and Physical Activity Outcomes in Age-Friendly Cities and Communities: A Systematic Review of Emerging Evidence and a Future Research Agenda.

OBJECTIVES: The World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Network of Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFCCs) promotes the development of urban environments, policies and services that support the health and participation of older adults. This systematic review examined contemporary evidence concerning associations between WHO AFCC conditions and directly measured health and physical activity outcomes among older residents. METHODS: The registered review adhered to the PRISMA protocol for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and applied the Downs and Black quality criteria for randomised and non-randomised research. RESULTS: Structured Boolean searches of five research repositories identified 17 peer-reviewed studies published between 2017 and 2025 based upon original research conducted in WHO AFCC signatory cities. Although most studies reported positive associations between age-friendly features and domains, such as accessible transport, walkable environments, outdoor infrastructure and self-rated health or physical activity, the strength of evidence was limited by methodological inconsistency, variable study quality and reliance on self-reports. Barriers to evaluation included limited use of longitudinal or quasi-experimental designs, heterogeneous outcome measures, subjective response data and the challenge of establishing appropriate comparison conditions in complex municipal settings. CONCLUSIONS: Strengthening evaluation frameworks for AFCC initiatives is essential for evidence-based urban health policy and governance in rapidly ageing societies. A research agenda is proposed to strengthen AFCC evaluation through standardised measurement, community-based and mixed-methods research, and a greater commitment to co-designed assessment frameworks.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Flavoromics-based profiling reveals taste and aroma differences between infant formula and breast milk.

Flavor differences between infant formula (IF) and breast milk (BM) are considered a potential factor affecting infants' acceptance of IF. This experiment employs flavoromics combined with multivariate statistical analysis to systematically compare the flavor profiles of IF and BM. Electronic tongue analysis and amino acid correlation revealed that IF was characterised by pronounced saltiness and umami richness, whereas BM exhibited greater bitterness and astringency. Volatile compound profiling identified five key flavor constituents in IF, predominantly aldehydes such as hexanal and pentanal. In contrast, BM contained a broader array of compounds-including acids, aldehydes, and esters-resulting in a more complex flavor profile. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)-based metabolic pathway annotation, together with fatty acid profiling, suggested that some volatiles may be associated with lipid oxidation, Maillard reaction and sulfur-containing amino acid degradation pathways, offering a theoretical basis for the targeted optimisation of IF flavor.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Three-dimensional source apportionment and quantitative characterization of horizontal and vertical transport fluxes of O3 and its precursors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China.

Persistent surface ozone (O3) pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is driven by coupled precursor emissions and multi-scale transport, yet its altitude-dependent transport and source contributions remain insufficiently quantified. Here we integrated the Weather Research and Forecasting and the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions with the Ozone Source Apportionment Technology and a quantitative transport-flux framework to characterize three-dimensional source apportionment and horizontal/vertical fluxes of O3, Volatile Organic Compounds‌ (VOCs), and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) across dynamic meteorological scenarios. Simulations showed that VOCs and NOx were dominated by local emissions near the surface (73.61 %-82.18 %), whereas surface O3 was primarily controlled by regional transport, with local contributions of only 11.01 %-13.75 %. Notably, the transport dominance further strengthened with altitude, exceeding 93 % at 1.8 km. Industrial and transportation emissions together contributed more than 75 % of precursor emissions and account for approximately 80 % of O3 formation, while favorable/unfavorable meteorological years modulated long-range transport efficiency and the vertical distribution of contributions. Horizontal flux analysis highlighted three major pathways (Northwest-Southeast, Southeast-Northwest, and Southwest-Northeast), with Shijiazhuang serving as a critical pollutant "sink" across altitude layers. Vertical fluxes revealed an altitude transition near 600 m: net downward transport dominated below 600 m, whereas enhanced summer convection promoted upward transport above 600 m. These results support altitude-dependent, scenario-specific strategies for coordinated regional O3 mitigation in the BTH region.

Ozone↗

PubMed2026

Integrated widely targeted metabolomics and GC-IMS reveal dynamic flavor, nutritional, functional, and metabolic profiles in macadamia kernels during processing.

Different processing stages influence the color, flavor, and antioxidant activities of macadamia kernels. However, the biochemical mechanisms that occur during processing are not well known. This study integrated widely targeted metabolomics (UPLC-MS/MS) with GC-IMS to systematically characterize non-volatile and volatile compounds in macadamia kernels across key three sample groups: fresh kernels (FMN), low-temperature-dried kernels (DMN), and roasted kernels (BMN). A total of 622 non-volatile metabolites and 52 volatile compounds were identified. Low-temperature drying promoted the accumulation of phenolic acids and flavonoids, enhancing antioxidant capacity. Roasting degraded heat-sensitive nutrients but generated flavor compounds via Maillard reaction and lipid oxidation, shifting aroma from green to nutty notes. Nutritional assessment confirmed that roasting significantly reduced antioxidant activities and bile acid binding capacity. Pearson correlation analysis verified the key metabolite-antioxidant relationships. These findings provide critical insights into metabolic dynamics during nut processing and establish a scientific basis for optimizing thermal processing strategies.

Metabolomics↗

PubMed2026

Enhancement flavor quality in Zhao'an Baxian oolong tea through enhanced turning-over process.

A systematical investigation on the effects of turning-over intensity on the flavor formation of Zhao'an Baxian oolong tea (ZBT) was performed, through a comparative analysis of heavy turning-over (HT) and light turning-over (LT) treatments in this study. The tea samples were subjected to proteomic and metabolomic analyses, combined with quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) and electronic sensory (E-tongue/E-nose) evaluation. The results demonstrate that HT significantly reduced the content of bitter and astringent compounds, such as catechins and flavonol glycosides, while promoting the accumulation of umami-related amino acids. Concurrently, HT enhanced the biosynthesis of key floral and fruity volatiles, such as β-ocimene, geraniol, benzaldehyde, jasmone by activating stress-responsive metabolic pathways. These coordinated biochemical changes, driven by enzyme-catalyzed reactions in response to prolonged mechanical wounding and environmental stress, collectively improved the overall sensory profile of ZBT. These findings provide a mechanistic foundation for improving ZBT production, with clear implications for quality control and flavor-oriented product development.

Tea↗

PubMed2026

Integrated assessment of biocontrol potential and genome analysis of endophytic Bacillus velezensis MGL-B1 against mango stem-end rot.

Mango stem-end rot is a globally significant postharvest disease that severely threatens the mango industry, primarily caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. However, information on biocontrol agents targeting this pathogen in mango remains limited. In this study, we isolated and identified a strain of Bacillus velezensis MGL-B1 from mango leaf tissues for the first time, which exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that MGL-B1 effectively inhibited the growth of B. dothidea, with an in vivo biocontrol efficacy reaching 83.72 ± 5.10%, comparable to that of the commonly used chemical fungicide thiabendazole. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that MGL-B1 acts by directly disrupting the integrity of the pathogen's mycelial cell membrane. In addition, its released volatile organic compounds (VOCs) also displayed significant antifungal activity, with components such as 2-nonanone, 2-nonanol, and phenylethyl alcohol being confirmed to exert antifungal effects in in vitro fumigation assays. qPCR analysis showed that MGL-B1 treatment significantly upregulated the transcriptional levels of genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and antioxidant defense pathways in mango fruits, with upregulation folds of 16.32, 37.19, and 75.93, respectively; meanwhile, the expression of browning-related genes such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was markedly suppressed. Whole-genome sequencing further revealed 14 biosynthetic gene clusters for antimicrobial compounds, including five unknown gene clusters. Collectively, B. velezensis MGL-B1 represents a promising biocandidate strain with multiple antifungal mechanisms and excellent control efficacy, providing a valuable resource for green and sustainable management of mango diseases.

Mangifera↗

PubMed2026

In situ product monitoring in heterogeneous reaction of gaseous trimethylamine on Fe2O3/Fe(NO3)3: Effect of environmental factor and particle property.

Gas-particle reactions represent an important atmospheric heterogeneous transformation process for organic amines (OAs). Environmental factors and particle properties may impact the gas-particle reaction products. Although the products from gas-particle reactions can be monitored by various in situ techniques, related data remain scarce. Here, the interfacial and gaseous products from the reaction of trimethylamine on Fe2O3/Fe(NO3)3 particles under light irradiation with mixed NO2, O2, SO2 and H2O were monitored using in-situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Dark reaction of gaseous trimethylamine on Fe2O3/Fe(NO3)3 generated two interfacial products types: N-containing ones (CH3NCH2, CH3NO2, (CH3)2NCHO, and CH3N(OH)CHO) and N-free ones (alcohols, aldehydes and acids), both accumulating with reaction progression. Light irradiation and O2 oxidation enhanced formation of these products, while NO2 promoted the production of CH3NO2 and (CH3)2NCHO. H2O and SO2 occupied the active sites of particles to inhibit the formation of all products. Compared to Fe(NO3)3, Fe2O3 showed absolute dominance in contribution to the formation of products. Considering the smaller particle size of Fe2O3 and excess Fe(NO3)3, the physical mixing of them reduced the generation of interfacial products. Furthermore, gaseous products of CH3OH, HCHO, CH3CHO, HCOOH and CH3COOH detection clarified the N-free interfacial products. The presence of Fe(NO3)3 inhibited the formation of HCOOH and favored the formation of CH3CHO in the gas phase. By combining product information with thermodynamic calculations, the heterogeneous reaction pathways of trimethylamine were tentatively proposed. These findings provide a guiding significance for the migration of OAs in real atmospheric environment.

Methylamines↗