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PubMed2026

Health bill beneath the plastic feast: A phthalate contamination alert from takeout food containers.

The rapid growth of takeout food consumption in China has raised concerns regarding exposure to phthalic acid esters (PAEs) from food packaging. This study investigated the presence, source, contribution, and health risk of PAEs in commonly used takeout containers. Widespread contamination was observed, with total PAE concentrations ranging from below the limit of detection to 222,000 ng/g. Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were identified as the predominant compounds, accounting for 7.50 %, 14.7 %, and 18.7 % of the total concentration, respectively. These PAEs may originated from additives during manufacturing and potential contamination of raw materials. Human exposure assessment showed that daily exposure doses of DIBP, DBP, and DEHP via container ranged from 0.00 to 2340 ng/(kg·day) among frequent takeout consumers, contributing substantially to overall PAE body burdens. To further assess exposure and associated risks, a nationwide online questionnaire survey was conducted across China. Based on this national-scale behavioral dataset, the health risks among Chinese residents were evaluated. Although the modeled non-carcinogenic risks of DIBP, DBP, and DEHP remained within acceptable limits, the simulation suggested that approximately 70 % of participants may experience potential exceedance of the carcinogenic risk threshold for DEHP. The frequency of takeout food consumption was identified as the most important factor affecting PAE exposure. These findings underscore the importance of limiting takeout frequency and reducing reliance on plastic containers to mitigate health risks. This study provides scientific evidence to support the development of safer packaging materials and informs public health strategies.

Phthalic Acids↗

PubMed2026

Simultaneously PYCR-1 and ALH-6 inhibition exacerbates 6-PPD quinone toxicity via disrupting proline and glutamate metabolisms and activating insulin signals in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Glutamate synthesized from the proline can serve as a precursor for key intermediate metabolites of citric acid cycle. Recently, we observed reduced glutamate content and expression of alh-6 controlling glutamate synthesis by 6-PPD quinone (6-PPDQ) in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, possible effect of 6-PPDQ on proline synthesis and the association with 6-PPDQ toxicity induction remain unclear. After 0.1-10 μg/L 6-PPDQ exposure, proline content was further reduced, and expression of pycr-1 governing proline biosynthesis was decreased. In 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes, RNA interference (RNAi) of pycr-1 decreased α-ketoglutarate content, enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and reduced flavine adenine dinucleotide (FADH₂) contents, inhibited mitochondrial complex I/II activities, and decreased expressions of gas-1 and mev-1. Moreover, compared to single RNAi, double RNAi of pycr-1 and alh-6 exacerbated the 6-PPDQ toxicity in reducing α-ketoglutarate, NADH, and FADH₂ contents, and suppressing mitochondrial complex I/II activities and gas-1 and mev-1 expressions. Additionally, double RNAi of pycr-1 and alh-6 intensified toxicity of 6-PPDQ on longevity and caused upregulation of insulin ligand and receptor genes and downregulation of daf-16 and its targeted genes in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes. Furthermore, after 6-PPDQ exposure, daf-16 RNAi suppressed pycr-1 and alh-6 expressions, suggesting formation of a regulatory feedback loop between pycr-1/alh-6 and daf-16. Our findings highlight involvement of disrupted proline and glutamate metabolisms in 6-PPDQ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced longevity.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Natural products alleviate exercise-induced fatigue by modulating gut microbiota: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Exercise-induced fatigue critically impairs athletic performance and training quality. The gut microbiota, as a key regulator of the "gut-muscle axis," has emerged as a promising anti-fatigue target. Natural products - owing to their diverse sources, structural complexity, and favorable safety profiles - have attracted growing research interest. However, a systematic synthesis comparing their anti-fatigue effects via gut microbiota modulation across different sources is lacking. SCOPE AND APPROACH: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and CNKI for original studies that administered natural products and concurrently assessed gut microbiota changes and anti-fatigue outcomes. Twenty-six studies (25 animal experiments and 1 human trial) were included and categorized into seven groups by source and chemical characteristics. A descriptive systematic review was conducted to identify common mechanisms and source-specific differentiations. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: The enrichment of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and the activation of the SCFA-AMPK/PGC-1α axis were shared core events across all product categories. However, source-dependent mechanistic divergences emerged: polysaccharides acted primarily as fermentable substrates with an optimal dose window; polyphenols and saponins exerted dual modulation on both microbiota and host signaling pathways; compound extracts achieved systemic synergy through functional complementation; marine- and animal-derived products exhibited unique targeting profiles and rapid action. Intestinal barrier maintenance and brain-gut axis regulation further extended the anti-fatigue repertoire. Collectively, natural products possess a solid mechanistic basis for alleviating exercise-induced fatigue via gut microbiota remodeling. The differentiated characteristics of these methods in targeting precision and pathway engagement provide a theoretical foundation for designing precision intervention strategies tailored to specific fatigue contexts.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Protein isolation markedly enhances in vitro digestibility, nutritional quality, and bioactivity of fungal mycelial proteins.

Fungal mycelial proteins are promising sustainable protein sources, yet their nutritional utilization is often limited by structural constraints. This study systematically evaluated the effects of protein isolation on the proteomic composition, gastrointestinal digestion behavior, amino acid utilization, and bioactivity of Pleurotus citrinopileatus mycelial proteins. Quantitative proteomics identified 3591 proteins, of which 3374 were shared between mycelial flour (PCMF) and protein isolate (PCMPI), indicating that PCMPI primarily represents the soluble proteome fraction. In vitro digestion revealed that PCMPI exhibited significantly higher digestibility (93.98%) than PCMF (42.98%) (p < 0.05), reaching levels comparable to whey protein isolate. Enhanced enzymatic accessibility in PCMPI promoted rapid peptide generation during the gastric phase and efficient amino acid release during the intestinal phase, resulting in higher peptide (634.76 mg/g) and free amino acid levels (341.69 mg/g) at the digestion endpoint. Consequently, PCMPI achieved a balanced amino acid profile with a PDCAAS of 1.0. Moreover, its digestion products exhibited stronger antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 8.36 mg/mL) and ACE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 15.65 mg/mL) compared with PCMF. Mechanistically, protein isolation disrupted the cell wall matrix, shifting digestion from a structure-limited to an accessibility-driven regime. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that protein isolation markedly enhances the digestibility, nutritional quality, and functional potential of mycelial proteins, supporting their application as high-value sustainable protein ingredients.

Digestion↗

PubMed2026

Cross-kingdom dynamics of the subgingival bacteriome and mycobiome: A pilot study on the effects of a novel HA-H₂O₂-Glycine formulation to treat periodontitis.

OBJECTIVES: Traditional periodontal therapy primarily focuses on bacterial biofilm control; however, recent evidence also suggests a critical role for the oral mycobiome. This study evaluated the clinical and ecological impact of a novel mouthwash formulation containing hyaluronic acid (HA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and glycine on periodontal patients METHODS: This prospective, randomized split-mouth trial included 13 adult participants with periodontitis treated with HA-H2O2-glycine formula (BMG0703A) used twice a day for seven days. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from periodontal pocket and healthy control sites at baseline (T0) and one-week post-treatment (T1). Microbial and fungal communities were characterized using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA and ITS2 regions. Linear Mixed Models (LMM) and Spearman correlation were used to assess taxonomic shifts and cross-kingdom relationships. RESULTS: Sequencing revealed a promising ecological shift: the bacteriome shifted from anaerobic dominance (Olsenella, Peptostreptococcus) toward a health-associated aerobic profile, with Rothia near-doubling (11.91% to 22.68%). The mycobiome underwent a "normalization" effect: Candida abundance decreased significantly (22.8% to 9.1%), while fungal Shannon diversity in pockets returned to healthy-site levels. Inter-kingdom analysis identified antagonistic relationships between expanding commensal bacteria and opportunistic fungi, suggesting that the intervention may help re-establish a protective bacterial niche. CONCLUSIONS: The HA-H2O2-glycine formulation seems to facilitate a rapid, cross-kingdom modulation of the subgingival niche. By reducing anaerobic pathogens and normalizing the mycobiome it appear to induce short-term changes, suggesting potential as adjunctive strategy in periodontal management. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The present work underlines the possible cross-Kingdom effects of a novel compound.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Elucidation of microbial community structure, small-molecule metabolic and flavor profile characteristics in Xuanwei ham under different processing techniques.

This study systematically compared the impacts of traditional (TH) and modern (MH) processing techniques on the physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, metabolome, and volatile aroma compounds of Xuanwei ham. The results showed that the TH group had higher moisture content and water activity, along with a more tender texture, whereas the MH group exhibited greater hardness and chewiness. Microbiological analysis revealed that the interior of the MH group had higher species richness of both fungi and bacteria, while the TH group maintained higher fungal diversity. Metabolomic analysis identified 112 differential metabolites, with sweet amino acids and certain lipids being more enriched in modern ham, whereas traditional ham contained higher levels of umami amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and flavor compounds such as carnosine. KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that the differences were primarily concentrated in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism-related pathways. Volatile flavoromics analysis identified 45 odor-active compounds and screened 15 key aroma-active substances. Among them, modern processed ham was significantly enriched in fatty aldehydes such as (E)-2-nonenal, hexanal, nonanal, and octanal, whereas traditional processed ham was characterized by 1-octen-3-ol, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, methional, acetoin, and benzeneacetaldehyde. Correlation analysis confirmed that dominant microbes in Xuanwei ham were significantly associated with differential metabolites and characteristic aroma compounds, respectively. This study provides a scientific basis for standardizing production processes, enabling precise quality control, and promoting high-quality industrial development of Xuanwei ham.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Integrated analysis uncovers exogenous induction and molecular regulation of erinacine A accumulation in Hericium erinaceus.

Erinacine A, a cyathane-type diterpenoid mainly from Hericium erinaceus mycelia, exhibits prominent neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities, making it a promising candidate for managing neurodegenerative diseases. However, its low abundance and unclear genetic regulatory mechanisms hinder its application as a nutraceutical. This study aimed to decipher its regulatory mechanisms and enhance production. Four exogenous inducers were screened, with salicylic acid (SA) and ergosterol (ERG) significantly increasing erinacine A content by 62.21% and 146.70% at 20 days, respectively. Transcriptome and WGCNA of inducer-treated sample identified darkorange and magenta modules associated with erinacine A biosynthesis, with the eri gene cluster enriched in the darkorange module and eriG and eriF as hub genes. Forward genetic analysis via QTL mapping of the HeD127 dikaryon population revealed significant phenotypic variation in erinacine A content (0.341-13.085 mg/g) and identified two loci (erA-1 and erA-2) explaining 18.63% of phenotypic variation. Integrating these forward and reverse genetic analyses revealed that salicylic acid and ergosterol synergistically regulate core carbon metabolic pathways to augment acetyl-CoA supply for the mevalonate pathway, suppressed competitive metabolism, enhanced diterpene skeleton construction and structural modification. These results deepen our understanding of the genetic and molecular basis governing accumulation of erinacine A, and facilitate its application in neuroprotective pharmaceuticals.

Diterpenes↗

PubMed2026

Ramu stunt virus genome reveals previously unreported segments and nucleocapsid domain duplication in Mechlorovirus.

Ramu stunt virus (RmSV), a member of the genus Mechlorovirus within the family Phenuiviridae, was previously described as a six-segmented RNA virus infecting sugarcane. In this study, we re-examined type material and additional isolates using high-throughput sequencing and RT-PCR validation, revealing that RmSV possesses a nine-segmented genome, making it the largest reported in the Phenuiviridae. This expanded architecture includes duplicated RNA segments (RNA 2a and RNA 2b) encoding nucleocapsid-like proteins and two novel segments (RNA 7 and RNA 8). Comparative analysis showed that RNA 2a and 2b share about 84% amino acid identity, while RNA 5 encodes a third nucleocapsid homolog, indicating unprecedented domain redundancy. Structural modeling confirmed that all three nucleocapsid proteins maintain a conserved fold despite low sequence identity, with electrostatic mapping suggesting differential RNA-binding potential. Additionally, RNA 6 encodes a hypothetical protein structurally similar to the rice stripe virus disease-specific S-protein, implicating a role in symptom development. Transcript abundance analysis revealed RNA 6 as the most highly expressed segment across isolates. These findings revise the genomic composition of RmSV, highlight mechanisms of genome plasticity and adaptive evolution in plant-infecting bunyaviruses, and underscore practical implications for diagnostic assay design, resistance breeding, and biosecurity surveillance.

Genome, Viral↗

PubMed2026

Cross-tissue multi-omics integration highlights BPHL and mitochondrial targets in Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet specific molecular targets remain to be fully characterized. METHODS: A summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) framework integrated AD genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics (39,918 cases) with blood DNA methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL), gene expression (eQTL), and protein (pQTL) data for 1136 mitochondria-related genes. Associations were assessed using Bayesian colocalization and HEIDI testing. Tissue relevance was evaluated in four brain regions (hippocampus, amygdala, cortex, frontal cortex) using GTEx and external transcriptomic datasets. RESULTS: Screening identified eight candidates supported across blood mQTL and eQTL layers. Stepwise central nervous system (CNS) evaluation singled out biphenyl hydrolase-like (BPHL) as the consistent candidate. Higher genetically predicted BPHL expression was associated with reduced AD risk across the hippocampus (OR=0.920, 95% CI 0.873-0.970), amygdala (OR=0.925, 95%CI 0.880-0.973), cortex (OR=0.943, 95% CI 0.908-0.978), and frontal cortex (OR=0.938, 95%CI 0.901-0.976). These findings aligned with protein-protein interactions connecting BPHL to respiratory complexes and lower BPHL expression in independent AD brains. Functional enrichment converged on oxidative phosphorylation pathways. CONCLUSIONS: By integrating multi-omics data with tissue-specific validation, this study nominates BPHL as a consistent protective candidate in the brain. These findings provide genetic support for mitochondrial molecular perturbations in AD, offering insights for future validation.

Alzheimer Disease↗

PubMed2026

Molecular mechanisms of neuroendocrine regulation of molting in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis): A transcriptomic analysis based on eyestalk ablation model.

Molting disability severely restricts the sustainable aquaculture of the Chinese mitten crab, yet the neuroendocrine mechanisms coordinating physiological responses remain poorly understood. Using unilateral eyestalk ablation to remove the primary source of molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), we performed time-resolved transcriptomic profiling of the thoracic ganglion at 24 h (early premolt) and 48 h (ecdysis) post-ablation. We identified 2825 differentially expressed genes and uncovered a biphasic molecular response. At 24 h, the thoracic ganglion activates pathways associated with neuromuscular adaptation, oxidative stress, and cardiac muscle contraction. Notably, the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway is selectively rewired: cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylases (CYP2J2, CYP4V2) are upregulated, while competing branches (epoxide hydrolase, cyclooxygenase) are suppressed, promoting local synthesis of the potent vasoconstrictor 20-HETE within the thoracic ganglion. This enzymatic switch provides a mechanistic link between MIH withdrawal and the local generation of elevated hemolymph pressure required for molting. By 48 h, the transcriptional program shifts toward chitin-based extracellular matrix remodeling, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, and synaptic reorganization. Collectively, our findings redefine the thoracic ganglion as an active neuroendocrine integrator that translates reduced MIH signaling into phased physiological outputs, revealing a "neuro-endocrine-hemolymph pressure" regulatory axis. This study provides novel molecular targets (e.g., CYP2J2, CHS1, UGCG) for mitigating molting disability in E. sinensis aquaculture.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

The impact of body mass index classification on operative characteristics and perioperative outcomes in lumbar microdiscectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Body mass index (BMI) stratification helps classify obesity severity. In patients undergoing microdiscectomy for symptomatic lumbar disc herniation, the effect of obesity on perioperative risk remains incompletely understood. This retrospective single-institution study evaluated whether BMI class influences perioperative risk in a large surgical cohort. METHODS: Adults older than 18 years who underwent primary, elective single-level lumbar microdiscectomy between June 2018 and March 2025 with at least 3 months of follow-up were included. Patients were grouped by BMI: without obesity (WO, BMI < 30), class I (CI, 30-34.9), class II (CII, 35-39.9), and class III (CIII, ≥40). Outcomes were analyzed separately for open microdiscectomy (OM), tubular microdiscectomy (TM), and endoscopic discectomy (ED). Continuous variables were compared using Kruskal-Wallis testing with Dunn post hoc analysis; categorical variables were compared with chi-square tests. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 757 patients were included (OM 422, TM 190, ED 145). Higher obesity classes underwent ED more frequently (p = 0.038). In the OM cohort (WO 258, CI 97, CII 50, CIII 17), CI had a higher proportion of males and CII a lower proportion (p = 0.007). Operative time, length of stay, and estimated blood loss were greatest in CII and CIII patients (all p < 0.001). CII patients also had more emergency department visits within 1 year than other classes (p = 0.026). No differences were found in age, smoking status, disc herniation type, dural tears, intraoperative or postoperative complications, or revision presence/time. In the TM cohort (WO 117, CI 47, CII 21, CIII 5), WO patients were oldest and CIII youngest (p < 0.001), with no other significant differences. In the ED cohort (WO 79, CI 31, CII 20, CIII 15), WO patients were oldest and CIII youngest (p = 0.004). CIII patients had higher estimated blood loss (p = 0.028) and shorter time to revision (p < 0.001), while other variables were similar. CONCLUSIONS: ED was used more often in higher obesity classes. In OM, CII and CIII obesity were associated with longer operative time, longer hospital stay, and greater blood loss, likely due to increased exposure requirements. TM and ED showed few obesity-related differences in complications, suggesting minimally invasive approaches may mitigate obesity-related perioperative risk. However, the retrospective design and small number of CIII patients warrant further study.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Spatially confined electrochemical strategy with DNA-assembled nanogaps for SNP detection.

Accurate detection of low-abundance single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) against a large excess of homologous wild-type sequences requires both selective molecular recognition and effective transduction of small sequence differences into measurable signals. Here, we report a spatially confined electrochemical strategy that couples sequence-selective recognition with size-dependent mass-transport gating. DNA-hybridization-driven self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) forms a three-dimensional self-assembled electrode (3D-SAE) with a DNA-defined interparticle architecture. Competitive probes (SP/WP) convert single-base recognition into distinct molecular-size states: the SNP-associated pathway preferentially triggers a hybridization chain reaction (HCR), generating bulky AuNP-anchored HCR/methylene blue complexes (Au@HCR/MB) with reduced electrochemical accessibility through the porous 3D-SAE, whereas the wild-type pathway does not trigger HCR and maintains a high-current response from more readily accessible MB-containing species. Thus, sequence recognition is translated into a molecular-size difference and subsequently into an electrochemical signal through differential mass transport. Under buffer conditions, the platform achieved a statistically estimated detection limit of ∼0.47 fM and a quantitative range of 1 fM-100 pM. It discriminated a 0.1% mutant abundance in a fragmented genomic-DNA background. The downstream signal-transduction chemistry is enzyme-free and isothermal. This work establishes a mechanistical recognition-size-conversion-mass-transport-gating architecture for electrochemical nucleic acid analysis.

Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide↗

PubMed2026

Distinct cell morphotypes of Aureobasidium melanogenum ZN exhibit differential functional profiles in promoting maize growth.

Black yeast-like fungi of the genus Aureobasidium exhibit morphological plasticity, but whether distinct cellular states within the same genetic background are associated with different plant growth-promoting functions remains unclear. Here, yeast-like cells (YL), swollen cells (SC), and chlamydospores (CH) of Aureobasidium melanogenum ZN were characterized. YL was associated mainly with siderophore production and laccase activity, SC with extracellular polysaccharide accumulation, and CH with phosphate mobilization and higher ammonia and IAA production. Whole-genome and comparative genomic analyses revealed a shared repertoire related to nutrient acquisition, auxin-associated metabolism, extracellular oxidation, and carbohydrate remodeling, with expansions in nutrient- and cell-surface-related gene families. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed distinct deployment of these capacities, with CH exhibiting broad reprogramming of tryptophan-associated, nitrogen, phosphate, central-carbon, and amino-acid metabolism. In maize, CH at the optimal inoculation concentration of 105 CFU·mL-1 produced the strongest growth promotion, increasing plant height, dry biomass, root length, root surface area, and root volume by 58.6%, 365.1%, 191.0%, 194.3%, and 222.4%, respectively. Consistent with this pronounced growth phenotype, maize root transcriptomics showed coordinated CH-induced responses involving root development, nutrient transport, redox regulation, and root-interface remodeling. Root-zone tracking showed greater short-term stability and persistence of CH. These findings identify cellular state as an important functional dimension of Aureobasidium-plant interactions and provide a basis for developing fungal inoculants with defined beneficial cellular states.

Zea mays↗

PubMed2026

Strategy for enhanced production of A40926B0 in Nonomuraea gerenzanensis using an efficient CRISPR/AsCas12f1 system.

The global emergence of vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive pathogens underscores the urgent need for efficient production of novel lipoglycopeptide antibiotics. Dalbavancin, a last-resort therapeutic agent, relies on its key biosynthetic precursor A40926B0, whose industrial manufacture is severely limited by the low yield of wild-type Nonomuraea gerenzanensis and inefficient genetic tools for this rare actinomycete. Here, we developed a high-efficiency CRISPR/AsCas12f1 genome editing system and applied systematic metabolic engineering to boost A40926B0 biosynthesis. First, conjugation conditions were optimized to elevate the transfer efficiency in N. gerenzanensis D11. The hypercompact AsCas12f1 nuclease showed markedly lower cytotoxicity than SpCas9 and enabled 100% gene deletion efficiency with preferred PAMs (TTTG, CTTG, GTTG). Second, we strengthened the shikimate pathway via multiple genetic strategies: overexpressing feedback-resistant DAHP synthase (aroG fbr ) and chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase (tyrA fbr ), as well as knocking out pheA. This manipulation blocks the phenylalanine synthetic branch and redirects metabolic flux toward the l-tyrosine branch. Third, we engineered the branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA) pathway via promoter replacement of bkdA2B2C2, LipAB, fabF and deletion of acdH to enhance isododecanoyl side-chain supply. The combinatorial engineering yielded strain B-13, which produced 1740 mg/L A40926B0 in shake flasks. Finally, 50-L fed-batch fermentation with continuous maltodextrin feeding further increased the titer to 1817 mg/L, the highest reported titer to date. This work establishes a robust CRISPR editing tool for N. gerenzanensis and provides valuable engineering references for precursor-oriented strain improvement targeting lipoglycopeptide antibiotics, offering insights for the industrial scale production of A40926B0.

A40926B0↗

PubMed2026

Molecular characterization of 16 MAPK genes in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and the differences of their mRNA expression between Qiandao Lake and Taihu Lake.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a serine-threonine protein kinase, is involved in a variety of stress-induced responses and also plays an important regulatory role in cell metabolism. In the study the open reading frames (ORFs) of 16 MAPK genes in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were obtained and verified, with the evaluations of their taxonomy, structures, conserved motifs, and evolutionary linkages. And the expression patterns of these genes in the silver carp from Qiandao Lake and Taihu Lake were explored for better understanding the response of MAPK genes to different water environment. MAPK genes of silver carp were divided into three subfamilies, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subfamily, p38 subfamily and C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) subfamily. All these genes possessed similar structures and conserved motifs of MAPK family. Realtime qPCR revealed that the expression patterns of 10 MAPK genes (ScMAPK1, ScMAPK3, ScMAPK4, ScMAPK7, ScMAPK15, ScMAPK8a, ScMAPK8b, ScMAPK9, ScMAPK10 and ScMAPK11) in head kidney, spleen and gill of silver carp in Taihu Lake and Qiandao Lake were different. These findings provide a basis for further research on the function of MAPK in silver carp.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Transcriptomic and RNAi analyses reveal chloride channel 3-associated osmoregulation in Litopenaeus vannamei under low-salinity stress.

Chloride channels and transporters are important for cellular volume regulation and salinity adaptation in euryhaline crustaceans, yet the intestinal transcriptional relationship between plasma-membrane and intracellular chloride pathways remains unclear in Litopenaeus vannamei. In this study, RNA interference of anoctamin 1 (ANO1) was combined with intestinal transcriptome sequencing under the production-relevant low-salinity condition of salinity 3. ANO1 silencing produced a focused transcriptional response, with 16 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified (11 upregulated and 5 downregulated). Functional enrichment indicated that these genes were associated with transporter activity, cytoskeletal organization, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, membrane lipid metabolism, and vesicular processes. Notably, a transcript encoding chloride channel protein 3 (CLC-3) was significantly upregulated following ANO1 knockdown, suggesting a potential transcriptional relationship between ANO1 and CLC-3 in chloride homeostasis. Based on this finding, CLC-3 was selected for full-length cDNA cloning, sequence characterization, salinity-gradient expression analysis, and RNAi-based functional assessment. The cloned CLC-3 cDNA was 2883 bp in length and encoded an 850 amino acid protein containing a conserved voltage-gated chloride channel (Voltage-CLC) domain and two cystathionine β-synthase domains. Phylogenetic analysis placed LvCLC-3 within the intracellular CLC-c clade, and tissue distribution analysis showed the highest CLC-3 expression in the intestine. Intestinal CLC-3 expression responded nonlinearly to salinity variation, peaking at salinity 20. Under salinity 3, CLC-3 knockdown reduced ANO1, Na+/K+-ATPase alpha subunit, and Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter transcript levels, whereas glutamate-gated chloride channel expression increased. Mild hepatopancreatic structural alterations were also observed after CLC-3 knockdown. These findings suggest that CLC-3 is a salinity-responsive intracellular chloride-transporter candidate associated with intestinal ion-transport-related transcriptional responses after ANO1 suppression in L. vannamei, although the underlying physiological mechanism requires further validation.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Comparative efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty combined with minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation versus percutaneous vertebroplasty alone in the treatment of elderly osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

The study aimed to assess the comparative efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) combined with minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation versus PVP alone in elderly patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). Ninety-four elderly patients with OVCF were randomly classified into the control (47 patients) and combined (47 patients) groups. The control group received PVP, while the combined group received PVP combined with minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation. Perioperative indicators such as intraoperative blood lose, operative time, and hospitalization time were recorded. Pain was assessed using the VAS before and at baseline and 1, 3, and 7 days postoperatively. At 1 and 3 days postoperatively, Serum CRP levels, WBC, and neutrophil counts were measured postoperatively. Radiographic outcomes (vertebral height ratio and Cobb angle), ADL scores, JOA scores, and ODI were evaluated preoperatively and at 3 months post-operation. Postoperative complications were documented. Baseline characteristics were comparable. The combined group showed superior pain relief, vertebral height restoration, Cobb angle correction, functional recovery, and reduced inflammatory markers (CRP, WBC, neutrophils) postoperatively (all P < 0.05). Blood loss and hospital stay were shorter in the combined group, though operative time was longer (P < 0.05). Complication rates did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). PVP combined with minimally invasive pedicle screw fixation yields better outcomes in elderly OVCF patients by enhancing pain control, vertebral height, and functional recovery without increasing perioperative risk.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparison of Keverprazan-based versus esomeprazole-based dual therapy for initial treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Keverprazan offers a new perspective for Helicobacter pylori eradication. This study compared 14-day keverprazan-amoxicillin therapy with esomeprazole-amoxicillin therapy to explore a superior treatment strategy. METHODS: This was a prospective, open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial in adult patients with treatment-naive H. pylori infection. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 14-day of KA therapy (Keverprazan 20 mg b.i.d plus amoxicillin 1 g t.i.d) or 14-day of EA therapy (Esomeprazole 40 mg b.i.d plus amoxicillin 1 g t.i.d). The primary outcome was the H. pylori eradication rate. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of adverse events and patient adherence. RESULTS: A total of 264 patients were enrolled in the study. In the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, the eradication rates for the 14-day KA group and the 14-day EA group were 87.9% and 80.3%, respectively (p = 0.092); in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analysis, the eradication rates were 92.1% and 86.2%, respectively (p = 0.135); and in the per-protocol (PP) analysis, the eradication rates were 93.5% and 88.3%, respectively (p = 0.155). Non-inferiority was confirmed between the two groups (all p < 0.001). Adverse events and patient adherence were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: For treatment-naive H. pylori infection, the 14-day KA therapy is non-inferior to EA therapy. Given its good tolerability, pharmacogenomic independence, and potent acid suppression, KA is a rational first-line alternative to EA in the Chinese population.

Humans↗