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PubMed2026

Nurse-led attribution remodeling training based on the Neuman systems model to enhance resilience, adaptive coping, and attributional style in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Psychological interventions for patients with breast cancer often overlook the critical role of maladaptive attributional style in shaping their adjustment. Therefore, the need for theory-driven, scalable interventions that target cognitive restructuring, particularly during the vulnerable post-diagnosis period, is clear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led attribution remodeling training intervention grounded in the Neuman systems model for improving resilience, adaptive coping, and attributional style among women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: A tertiary general hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 130 eligible women newly diagnosed with breast cancer were recruited between March and November 2024. METHODS: A two-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either attribution remodeling training plus routine nursing (n = 65) or routine nursing only (n = 65). The nurse-led attribution remodeling training intervention, delivered via a blended model of in-person sessions and continued support through the WeChat mobile platform, was designed to systematically reshape maladaptive attributions into more adaptive ones. Resilience (primary indicator), coping strategy (i.e., confrontation, avoidance, resignation), and attributional style (secondary indicators) were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months post-baseline. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the effects of group, time, and group-by-time interactions. Effect sizes (Cohen's D) were calculated based on the means and standard deviations. RESULTS: At the 6-month follow-up, the intervention group had better outcomes than the control group in terms of resilience (mean difference: 1.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.37, 2.61), confrontation coping (3.35 [2.33, 4.37]), and adaptive attributional style (4.16 [3.87, 4.45]). Avoidance coping showed a small increase (0.82 [0.22, 1.42]), whereas resignation coping decreased (-1.66 [-2.49, -0.83]). Group effects and group-by-time interactions were statistically significant for all outcomes. Effect sizes at 6 months ranged from small for resilience (D = 0.28) and avoidance coping (D = 0.26) to moderate for confrontation coping (D = 0.60) and resignation coping reduction (D = -0.51), and large for attributional style (D = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Attribution remodeling training is a promising and effective theory-based intervention that can enhance psychological adaptation in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. By strengthening key defense mechanisms, as conceptualized by the Neuman systems model, the program is effective, scalable, and nurse-deliverable for psycho-oncology care, bridging a critical gap in supportive cancer care and empowering nurses as primary psychological support providers. REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2000031827, registered prospectively on April 11, 2020, www.Chictr.or.cn.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Self-healing materials for food packaging: Design principles, activation mechanisms and implications for food safety.

Self-healing materials (SHMs), originally developed to restore mechanical integrity, have recently attracted growing interest in food packaging. By autonomously repairing physical damage, SHMs help preserve packaging integrity, barrier performance, food safety, and shelf-life during storage and transportation. This review summarizes recent advances in the design principles, activation mechanisms, material systems and food packaging applications of SHMs. Key healing strategies, including microencapsulation, dynamic covalent bond exchange, reversible non-covalent interactions and responsiveness to external stimuli such as temperature, pH, and humidity, are discussed. Representative material systems, including biopolymer-based films, hydrogels, nanocomposites, and stimuli-responsive polymers are evaluated with respect to their relevance to packaging animal-derived foods, fruits, and vegetables. Performance evaluation methods, sustainability implications, and food-contact safety concerns are addressed. Despite promising healing efficiency and mechanical resilience, challenges remain regarding production cost, food-grade safety, migration risks, trigger compatibility and stability under fluctuating environmental conditions. Future research should focus on scalable manufacturing, standardized evaluation protocols, repeated damage-healing safety assessment, regulatory compliance, and integration with intelligent packaging technologies.

Food Packaging↗

PubMed2026

Prophylactic Surgical Left Atrial Appendage Closure in Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement: Short-Term Outcomes of Randomized Controlled LAA-CLOSURE Trial.

BACKGROUND: Surgical closure of the left atrial appendage (LAA) reduces stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing cardiac surgery. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of prophylactic LAA closure during bioprosthetic surgical aortic valve replacement in patients without prior AF. METHODS: In this investigator-initiated, academic, randomized, open-label, multicenter LAA-CLOSURE (Left Atrial Appendage CLOSURE for the Prevention of Thromboembolisms in Patients Undergoing Aortic Bioprosthesis Surgery) trial, 921 patients without prior AF undergoing bioprosthetic surgical aortic valve replacement with or without concomitant surgery were randomized and 904 patients included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis (prophylactic LAA closure, n=445; or usual care, n=459). Median age was 73 years (interquartile range, 69-76), 34.8% were women, and 49% had concomitant coronary artery disease. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, or systemic embolism at 30 days. RESULTS: The primary end point occurred in 10 of 434 (2.2%) patients in the LAA closure group and 14 of 452 (3.1%) patients in the control group; however, the treatment effect changed direction at ≈7 days. In the time-split Cox regression model, hazard ratios were 2.4 (95% CI, 0.62-9.4; P=0.20) between 0 and 7 days and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.080-1.0; P=0.056) between 7 and 30 days. No closure-related serious complications or differences in bleeding were observed. Postoperative AF occurred in 205 of 445 (46.1%) versus 184 of 459 (40.1%) patients (relative risk, 1.1 [95% CI, 0.99-1.3]; P=0.07), and AF at discharge in 40 of 445 (9.2%) versus 34 of 459 (7.7%) patients (relative risk, 1.2 [95% CI, 0.77-1.8]; P=0.44), in the closure and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic LAA closure during bioprosthetic surgical aortic valve replacement was safe and did not increase bleeding. REGISTRATION: URL: clinicaltrials.gov; Unique Identifier: NCT02321137.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Hybrid robotic transversus abdominis release (hrTAR) for complex ventral hernias: a systematic review and preliminary synthesis.

Hybrid robotic transversus abdominis release (hrTAR) combines robotic posterior component separation with a planned limited open phase. Evidence supporting this strategy is sparse. Following PRISMA 2020, we searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library and registered the protocol in PROSPERO (CRD420261303285). Eligible studies reported hrTAR outcomes for ventral or incisional hernia repair. Findings were synthesized narratively; no pooled effect estimates were calculated. Three reports contained 85 hrTAR cohort entries. Because two reports came from the same institution and overlap could not be excluded, this total should not be interpreted as a unique-patient count. Surgical-site outcomes were heterogeneous: two reports used SSO endpoints (4% and 5%), whereas another reported surgical-site events in 25% of patients, including seroma and wound infection. Mean length of stay ranged from 1.8 to 3.7 days; the sample-size-weighted mean across studies reporting means was 2.9 days. One propensity-matched comparison reported shorter hospitalization and lower 30-day SSO with hrTAR than open TAR. No perioperative deaths or recurrences were reported during limited follow-up. hrTAR appears feasible in selected patients, but available evidence is exploratory. Standardized prospective multicenter studies with non-overlapping cohorts and longer follow-up are needed before comparative effectiveness, economic value, or wider adoption can be supported.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Treatment of OSA using mandibular advancement versus CPAP in improving cardiovascular health.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea is a significant risk factor for hypertension. We assessed the relative effectiveness of mandibular advancement device (MAD) versus continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in reducing 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and other health-related outcomes over 12 months. METHODS: In a randomized, non-inferiority trial, 321 participants with hypertension and increased cardiovascular risk were recruited for polysomnography. Of these, 220 with moderate-to-severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15 events/hour) were randomized to MAD or CPAP (1:1). We report the final outcomes at the 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 180 participants (MAD: 89; CPAP: 91) completed the 12-month follow-up. Median usage for MAD and CPAP was 5.5 and 4.9 h per night, respectively. Compared to baseline, the 24 h mean arterial BP at 12 months decreased by 2.3 mmHg (P = 0.200) in the MAD group and by 1.0 mmHg (P = 0.999) in the CPAP group. The difference between-groups was -0.6 mmHg (95% confidence interval: -2.53 to 1.39, non-inferiority P < 0.019). The MAD group demonstrated a larger reduction in asleep BP compared to the CPAP group. The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness in the MAD group decreased from 30.3% at baseline to 10.1% at 12-month follow-up (P = 0.001), and from 38.5% to 7.7% in the CPAP group (P < 0.001). The between-group difference was 10.6% (P = 0.097). No significant within-group or between-group differences were observed in the prevalence of arrhythmias and plasma levels of cardiac biomarkers. CONCLUSION: At 12-month, MAD is non-inferior to CPAP for reducing 24 h mean arterial BP in participants with hypertension and increased cardiovascular risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04119999.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of time-restricted eating on markers of glucose metabolism and regulation in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) on glucose metabolism and regulation in individuals with prediabetes (fasting blood glucose of 5.6-6.9 mmol/l or HbA1c of 39-47 mmol/mol [5.7-6.4%]) or type 2 diabetes (fasting blood glucose ≥7 mmol/l or HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol [6.5%]). METHODS: A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL from inception to 5 August 2025. Moreover, forward and backward citation searches were performed. Eligible studies were RCTs in adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, lasting ≥2 weeks, reporting markers of glucose metabolism and regulation, comparing TRE (≤12 h eating window) with a non-time-restricted control diet. Studies involving pregnancy, other fasting regimens, or non-peer-reviewed publications were excluded. Data were pooled as weighted mean differences with 95% CIs using random-effects generic inverse variance models in Cochrane Review Manager Web, and results are presented as forest plots. The certainty of evidence was defined using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations methodology, and risk of bias was estimated by using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2). RESULTS: Out of 2043 records identified through the database search, as well as 1249 from forward and backward citation searches, ten RCTs including 599 participants were included. The mean length of the studies was 4 months, and the eating windows ranged from 4 to 10 h per day. The pooled meta-analysis showed no overall effect of TRE on HbA1c (-3.33 mmol/mol; 95% CI -6.87, 0.20 (-0.30% points; -0.63, 0.02); p=0.06, moderate certainty). Nevertheless, following stratification by subgroups, TRE resulted in a reduction in HbA1c of 0.93 mmol/mol (-1.70, -0.17 [-0.09% points; -0.16, -0.02]; p=0.02) in individuals with prediabetes but not in individuals with type 2 diabetes (-4.68 mmol/mol; -10.08, 0.72 (-0.43% points; -0.92, 0.07); p=0.09). TRE reduced fasting blood glucose in the pooled analysis (-0.30 mmol/l; -0.53, -0.07; p<0.01, moderate certainty) as well as in the subgroup analyses in individuals with prediabetes (-0.14 mmol/l; -0.27, -0.01; p=0.03) and with type 2 diabetes (-0.48 mmol/l; -0.78, -0.17; p<0.01). Moreover, TRE lowered body weight by 1.6 kg (-2.2, -1.0; p<0.001) in the pooled analysis. The evidence was limited by imprecision arising from wide confidence intervals in some of the included studies, which may be due to small sample sizes. Lastly, the effects of TRE on markers of insulin sensitivity, beta cell function and continuous glucose monitoring measurements were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Moderate-certainty evidence indicates that TRE reduces fasting blood glucose but not HbA1c. The subgroup analyses revealed that TRE improved HbA1c and fasting glucose in individuals with prediabetes and improved fasting glucose in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Future large-scale studies should investigate long-term effects of TRE in prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42024523591 FUNDING: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. Three authors (JS, A-DT, THA) are employed at Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, a public hospital and research institution under the Capital Region of Denmark, partly funded by a grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Second-Generation ELZA-sub400 Protocol: Individualized High-Fluence Cross-Linking for Ultra-Thin Keratoconus Corneas.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a second-generation individualized corneal cross-linking (CXL) protocol (ELZA-sub400) using high-fluence UV-A irradiation in ultrathin ectatic corneas. DESIGN: Retrospective, single-center, consecutive interventional case series. METHODS: Twenty-nine eyes of 24 patients with progressive keratoconus or post-LASIK ectasia and a post-soak intraoperative thinnest stromal thickness <400 µm were included. After epithelial removal and riboflavin soaking, continuous UV-A irradiation (365 nm) at 3 or 9 mW/cm² was delivered with total fluence titrated up to 10 J/cm² based on intraoperative ultrasound pachymetry and a previously published nomogram targeting an uncross-linked stromal margin of approximately 70 µm above the endothelium. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and up to 12 months using corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and corneal parameters measured using Scheimpflug tomography and anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) with Placido-based topography. The main outcome measure was the proportion of eyes without progression at 12 months, defined as <1.0 D increase in maximum keratometry (Kmax). Secondary outcomes included changes in CDVA, refraction, Kmax, stromal thickness, demarcation line depth, densitometry, and safety parameters. RESULTS: At 12 months, 22/29 eyes (76%; 95% CI, 57.9%-87.8%) met the nonprogression criterion. Mean change in Kmax was -0.77 ± 5.10 D (95% CI, -2.71 to 1.17; P = .418). Mean demarcation line-to-anterior stroma distance was 205 ± 64 µm (95% CI, 180.7-229.3), and demarcation line-to-endothelium distance was 64 µm (IQR, 49-152). All demarcation lines remained within the stromal layer; 15/29 eyes (51.7%) had a demarcation line located ≤70 µm from the endothelium. Median CDVA changed from 0.10 to 0.32 logMAR (P = .142). Minimum stromal thickness showed a median change of -4.0 µm (P = .309). No significant change was observed in densitometry, and no eye developed deep stromal haze or endothelial decompensation. CONCLUSIONS: Second-generation ELZA-sub400 CXL halted ectasia progression in 76% of ultrathin corneas at 12 months and was associated with an acceptable short-term safety profile, including stromal-confined demarcation line formation and no observed endothelial decompensation. The numerical decline in spectacle CDVA observed in this severely affected cohort did not reach statistical significance but is clinically important and warrants confirmation in larger prospective studies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Updated adjunctive minocycline for schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and cognitive outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Minocycline has been proposed as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia due to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, evidence regarding its efficacy across clinical and cognitive outcomes remains inconsistent. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind RCTs was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 2000 to August 2025. Eligible studies included patients with schizophrenia receiving adjunctive minocycline plus stable antipsychotics. Primary outcomes were PANSS total and subscale scores and overall cognitive performance. Secondary outcomes included SANS, CDS, CGI, GAF, and seven cognitive domains. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs were calculated. RESULTS: Ten RCTs involving 895 participants were included. Adjunctive minocycline was associated with improvements in negative symptoms (PANSS negative: SMD = -0.55, 95% CI: -0.96 to -0.13; SANS: SMD = -0.75, 95% CI: -1.00 to -0.49) and overall psychopathology (PANSS total: SMD = -0.49, 95% CI: -0.80 to -0.18). Cognitive benefits were limited to a modest improvement in working memory (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.39), with no significant effects in other cognitive domains. Subgroup analyses suggested that illness stage, antipsychotic regimen, treatment duration, sample size, and geographic region may contribute to variability in treatment effects. Adverse event rates were comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive minocycline may improve negative symptoms and provide modest working memory benefits in schizophrenia. However, the evidence is limited by substantial heterogeneity, potential small-study effects, and inconsistent findings. Although short- to medium-term tolerability appeared comparable to placebo, larger, longer-term RCTs are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Impaired adaptation to smoke-derived phenolic compounds in Listeria monocytogenes CC204 from smoked salmon and trout.

Listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen in ready-to-eat smoked fish products. This study evaluated whether clonal complex affiliation contributes to variability in growth responses to stresses representative of smoked salmon and trout processing. Ten strains were studied, including strains from CC121, CC26 and CC204, the three major clonal complexes reported in the French smoked salmon and trout sectors, together with the EGDe reference strain. Strains were exposed to salt, cold, smoke-derived phenolic compounds and combined stress conditions. Growth responses were compared with whole-genome-based phylogeny, and the impaired phenotype observed under phenolic exposure was further investigated using viable counts, live/dead microscopy and comparative genomics. Growth profiles were partly structured by clonal complex, with strains from the same clonal complex showing similar behaviour across stress conditions. Salt and cold reduced growth globally, while smoke-derived phenolic compounds were the most discriminating conditions. CC204 strains showed markedly lower growth rates under phenolic exposure than CC121, CC26 and EGDe. This phenotype was not associated with loss of cultivability or significant loss of membrane integrity. Comparative genomics did not identify a clear gene-content determinant explaining the CC204 phenotype. These results suggest that CC204 has an impaired adaptive response to smoke-derived compounds, likely involving regulatory or physiological mechanisms.

Listeria monocytogenes↗

PubMed2026

Functional characterization of the MdFLZ2 gene in drought and salt stress tolerance in apple.

Drought and salt stress are significant environmental limitations that severely constrain plant growth and productivity, therefore, enhancing stress tolerance is a key goal in crop improvement. The plant-specific FCS-like zinc finger (FLZ) proteins have been identified as important regulators of stress adaptation. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide characterization of the FLZ gene family in apple and functionally characterized MdFLZ2. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that MdFLZ2 was differentially expressed across various tissues and transcriptionally induced by both drought and salt stress. Subcellular localization assays demonstrated that the MdFLZ2 protein is localized to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The overexpression of MdFLZ2 in apple calli, Arabidopsis and tomato conferred increased resistance to drought and salt stress. In addition, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays confirmed that MdFLZ2 interacted with MdSnRK1.1, and similar interactions were also detected between other MdFLZ family members and MdSnRK1.1. Collectively, our findings suggest MdFLZ2 as a positive regulator of drought and salt tolerance and highlight its potential to serve as a genetic resource for abiotic stress improvement.

Malus↗

PubMed2026

Molecular characterization of 16 MAPK genes in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and the differences of their mRNA expression between Qiandao Lake and Taihu Lake.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), a serine-threonine protein kinase, is involved in a variety of stress-induced responses and also plays an important regulatory role in cell metabolism. In the study the open reading frames (ORFs) of 16 MAPK genes in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were obtained and verified, with the evaluations of their taxonomy, structures, conserved motifs, and evolutionary linkages. And the expression patterns of these genes in the silver carp from Qiandao Lake and Taihu Lake were explored for better understanding the response of MAPK genes to different water environment. MAPK genes of silver carp were divided into three subfamilies, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) subfamily, p38 subfamily and C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) subfamily. All these genes possessed similar structures and conserved motifs of MAPK family. Realtime qPCR revealed that the expression patterns of 10 MAPK genes (ScMAPK1, ScMAPK3, ScMAPK4, ScMAPK7, ScMAPK15, ScMAPK8a, ScMAPK8b, ScMAPK9, ScMAPK10 and ScMAPK11) in head kidney, spleen and gill of silver carp in Taihu Lake and Qiandao Lake were different. These findings provide a basis for further research on the function of MAPK in silver carp.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Incidence and risk factors for malignancy in patients with incidental solitary pulmonary nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The increasing use of chest imaging has led to a higher detection rate of incidental solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs), often causing patient anxiety. Determining the malignancy rate and associated risk factors is crucial for developing appropriate follow-up strategies to prevent overdiagnosis, overtreatment, or missed diagnoses. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the malignancy rate and risk factors in patients with incidental SPNs. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted up to June 30, 2025. Data on malignancy rates and potential risk factors were extracted from eligible studies. All pooled analyses were performed using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Fifty-four studies involving 19,985 patients were included. The pooled malignancy rate for incidental SPNs was 56.7% (95% CI: 51.5-62.0), with significant between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 98.5%, p < 0.001). The pooled effect size showed a minimal change after adjustment for potential publication bias using the non-parametric Trim-and-Fill method (54.7%; 95%CI: 50.9-58.8). Risk factor analysis identified that older age, history of cancer, cigarette smoker, larger nodule diameter, spiculation, upper lobe location, lobulation, pleural indentation, vascular convergence, solid nodules, family history of cancer, and irregular or ill-defined margins were significantly associated with an increased risk of malignancy. Conversely, male sex, presence of calcification, and clear borders were significantly associated with a reduced risk of malignancy. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive assessment of malignancy rates and risk factors in incidental SPNs. The high pooled malignancy rate should be interpreted considering the significant heterogeneity and the inclusion of a high proportion of retrospective studies and populations from high-risk regions. Nonetheless, these findings offer essential evidence for clinical risk stratification, supporting optimized follow-up and informed decision-making.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Deucravacitinib 5-Year Safety and Efficacy Results in Plaque Psoriasis: A Phase 3 Open-Label Extension of Randomized Clinical Trials.

BACKGROUND: Deucravacitinib, an oral, selective, tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor, is approved for adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy and for adults with active psoriatic arthritis. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated deucravacitinib safety and efficacy over 5 years in the phase 3 POETYK PSO-1, PSO-2, and long-term extension (LTE) trials in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. METHODS: PSO-1 and PSO-2 (parent trials) randomized patients 1:2:1 to oral placebo, deucravacitinib 6 mg once daily, or apremilast 30 mg twice daily. At 52 weeks, patients enrolled in the LTE trial received open-label deucravacitinib. Safety was reported as exposure-adjusted incidence rates (EAIRs) per 100 person-years (PY). Clinician- and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed using modified nonresponder imputation in patients receiving continuous deucravacitinib from day 1 (PSO-1/PSO-2) through 5 years. RESULTS: Overall, 1519 patients received one or more deucravacitinib dose; total exposure was 5046.7 PY through data cutoff (September 2, 2024). EAIRs/100 PY were comparable or decreased from the 1-year to 5-year cumulative period for adverse events (AEs) (229.23, 127.40, respectively), serious AEs (5.68, 5.06), discontinuation due to AEs (4.38, 2.09), deaths (0.20, 0.22), serious infections excluding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1.53, 0.94), malignancies (1.02, 0.92), major adverse cardiovascular events (0.30, 0.34), and venous thromboembolism (0.20, 0.06). Clinical outcomes were well-maintained in patients receiving continuous deucravacitinib (n = 513) from 1 through 5 years, including achievement of a ≥ 75% reduction from baseline in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (1 year, 72.1% [95% CI 68.2-76.1]; 5 years, 67.3% [62.0-72.6]) and a static Physician Global Assessment score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) (1 year, 57.5% [53.1-61.9]; 5 years, 52.6% [47.0-58.1]). Dermatology Life Quality Index 0 or 1 was well-maintained from 1 year (52.5% [48.0-57.1]) through 5 years (45.4% [40.0-50.8]). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate a consistent safety profile with no new safety signals and durable clinical response through 5 years of treatment with deucravacitinib. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03624127, NCT03611751, NCT04036435.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Loss, persistence and reversal of phenotypic traits.

The irreversibility of complex trait loss has long been a tenet of evolutionary biology. However, this idea is increasingly at odds with the numerous documented exceptions across the Tree of Life. We synthesise this growing body of evidence across a diverse array of taxa and traits, exploring the evolutionary conditions that enable evolutionary reversal. By integrating macroevolutionary, genetic, and developmental information, we argue that trait reversal is commonly fostered by some form of persistence in the generative developmental pathway of the lost trait. We identify three overarching modes of trait reversal and support them with multiple case studies: by pleiotropy (the involvement of the same generative components in other traits and/or functions), by plasticity (environment-dependent expression of the trait) and by hemiplasy (persistence in another lineage, followed by reticulate evolution). We also examine important affinities between trait reversal and evolutionary novelties, undermining a neat distinction between what is old and what is new in evolution. This survey may provide a useful framework for future explorations of the developmental mechanisms underlying these still overlooked macroevolutionary dynamics.

Phenotype↗

PubMed2026

Gelified ethanol for percutaneous sclerotherapy of bone lesions: a systematic review of clinical applications and outcomes.

PURPOSE: To systematically review the available evidence on the feasibility, safety, and clinical effectiveness of percutaneous sclerotherapy using radiopaque gelified ethanol (RGE, Discogel®) for bone lesions. METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL was performed. Primary studies reporting clinical, technical, and safety outcomes following RGE sclerotherapy for bone lesions were included. Data on patient characteristics, lesion type, procedural details, and outcomes were extracted and synthesized descriptively. RESULTS: Six retrospective studies involving 55 patients (mean age 22.2 ± 20.4 years; range 3-65; 26 females) with 56 lesions and 119 procedures were included (mean 2.16 procedures per patient). Aneurysmal bone cysts (80%) and aggressive vertebral hemangiomas (18%) were the main indications. Technical success was reported in 100% of procedures. Pain outcomes were available for 28 patients, with complete resolution in 64.3% (18/28), partial reduction in 32.1% (9/28), and persistence in 3.6% (1/28). Radiological follow-up (50 lesions) demonstrated complete response in 96% and partial response in 4%. No major adverse events were reported according to CIRSE (≥ 4) or CTCAE (≥ 4) criteria. One SIR grade 3 vertebral fracture occurred without confirmed causal association to RGE. Subsequent surgery was required in 3.6% of lesions. CONCLUSION: Although limited to small retrospective series, current evidence suggests that RGE sclerotherapy is a safe and effective minimally invasive option for selected benign bone lesions. Prospective comparative studies with longer follow-up are warranted.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

No association between alcohol consumption and hip osteoarthritis: a diverse national analysis of 87,585 adults from the "All of Us" research program.

INTRODUCTION: Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is estimated to affect 62.6 million individuals by 2050. A probable link exists between alcohol use and hip OA. However, the results are inconsistent, and the relationship between alcohol and hip OA remains speculative. To address these gaps, this study aimed to utilize the diverse, nationally representative All of Us Research Program dataset to explore the association between alcohol consumption and hip OA. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study utilized data from the All of Us Research Program Controlled Tier Dataset v8. 17,517 hip OA cases and 70,068 controls were identified. A 1:4 case-to-control matching ratio was applied based on age and sex. Alcohol use frequency was categorized into five levels: Never, Monthly or Less, Two to Four Times per Month, Two to Three Times per Week, and Four or More Times per Week. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated the association between alcohol use frequency and hip OA after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: Multivariable analysis found that alcohol use frequency was not significantly associated with hip OA. Compared to never users, participants with low (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.93-1.04, P = 0.583), moderate (OR 0.99-1.01, all P > 0.05), and high (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95-1.09, P = 0.599) levels of alcohol consumption had no statistically significant differences in odds of hip OA. Female sex, Asian race, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and nicotine dependence increased the odds of hip OA. CONCLUSION: Any level of alcohol consumption was not significantly associated with the odds of hip OA. This study adds valuable insight to the current body of conflicting evidence. Further prospective studies appear warranted to shed light on the long-term effects of different alcoholic beverages on different joints. Key Points • This study found no significant association between any degree of alcohol consumption and the odds of developing hip osteoarthritis. • Utilizing data from 87,585 adults in the NIH "All of Us" Research Program, this is the first study to analyze this relationship in a large, nationally representative population. • The research provides clarity to previously conflicting literature by demonstrating that alcohol lacks a clear harmful or protective effect on the clinical course of the disease. • The analysis highlights that independent risk factors such as Asian race, nicotine dependence, and components of metabolic syndrome increase the odds of hip osteoarthritis.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Selective and sensitive colorimetric sensing of carbosulfan based on BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 nanosheets with excellent haloperoxidase-like activity.

The development of colorimetric methods based on directly inhibiting nanozyme activity for pesticide detection has attracted considerable attention. In this study, we report a novel colorimetric sensing strategy utilizing BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 nanosheets (BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 NSs) with haloperoxidase (HPO)-like activity for the rapid and sensitive detection of carbosulfan (CBS) in foods. Oxygen-vacancy-rich BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 NSs with HPO-like activity were rationally constructed. Kinetic studies revealed a remarkable Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 0.014 mM for I-, indicating a higher affinity for iodide ions than other reported HPO-like nanozymes, as evidenced by its lower Km. Under acidic conditions, CBS tends to be hydrolyzed to produce reductive sulfide species, which directly inhibit the iodoperoxidase-like activity of BiO2-x/Bi2O2.75 NSs, enabling selective detection with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.18 μg/mL and a linear range of 0.20-100 μg/mL. When the concentration of interfering pesticides and substances was 5 times that of CBS, the sensor remained unaffected, exhibiting excellent stability and specificity. This work contributes to the detection of CBS in complex food matrices, bridging the application gap of HPO-like nanozymes in pesticide detection and providing a promising method for food safety detection.

Colorimetry↗

PubMed2026

A narrative systematic review of definitions and diagnostic criteria for disordered eating and eating disorders in type 1 diabetes.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Type 1 diabetes and disordered eating (T1DE) affects 8-37.1% of adults and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The absence of a standardised case definition of T1DE and its severity hinders effective screening, diagnosis and treatment. This systematic review aimed to (1) synthesise existing case definitions and diagnostic criteria for T1DE in adults and (2) identify key characteristics to inform consensus for future diagnostic criteria. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies involved adults (≥18 years) with type 1 diabetes assessing disordered eating; paediatric studies, mixed samples without disaggregated data, non-empirical designs and non-English publications were excluded. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched up to November 2025 for peer-reviewed studies involving adults with T1DE. Qualitative and quantitative data on definitions, diagnostic criteria and assessment tools were extracted. Study quality was appraised using a modified Graphical Appraisal Tool for Epidemiological studies (GATE) checklist. Due to heterogeneity of data, a narrative synthesis of findings was performed to describe current definitions of T1DE. RESULTS: Sixty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, with a pooled sample of 111,208 participants (76% women) from over 22 countries. T1DE was defined using a heterogeneous array of terms, diagnostic frameworks and assessment tools (29 distinct methods). The Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised (DEPS-R) was the most used questionnaire, but many studies relied on criteria adapted from general eating disorder classifications or generic questionnaires. Approximately three-quarters of the studies assessed insulin omission behaviours, but the operationalisation of the cognitions for insulin omission varied widely. Beyond physiological markers such as HbA1c and BMI, studies explored various diabetes-related and psychological constructs, although often considering diabetes and disordered eating separately rather than as an integrated condition. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: This systematic review highlights the lack of a unified, evidence-based definition of T1DE, resulting in inconsistent screening, diagnostic and reporting practices. Establishing clear, consistent, evidence-based diagnostic criteria and screening questionnaires for T1DE is critical to improving early detection and developing targeted interventions. These findings provide a foundation for refining T1DE definitions as a stepping stone to an international consensus definition. STUDY REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD420250223622 FUNDING: King's College London and King's College Hospital through the KMRT KCH Joint Research Committee studentship. This work was also conducted as part of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR; CS-2017-17-023)-funded STEADY project (Safe management of people with Type 1 diabetes and EAting Disorders studY). NZ's salary was part-funded by the NIHR via the NIHR Clinician Scientist award to MS; JT and KI are part-funded by the NIHR Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. MS was funded through her NIHR Clinician Scientist Fellowship (CS-2017-17-023).

Humans↗