SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Wet Macular Degeneration”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2026

Effectiveness of Topical Huzhang Sanhuang with Standard Nursing for Chemotherapy-Induced Phlebitis: Randomized Controlled Study.

Chemotherapy-induced phlebitis (CIP) is a common complication of peripheral intravenous chemotherapy that can cause pain, local inflammation, treatment interruption, and diminished quality of life. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the topical Huzhang Sanhuang (HZSH) formula, combined with standard nursing care, in managing CIP. Ninety-four hospitalized patients with CIP (grade I or higher) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either topical HZSH formula plus standard nursing care (experimental group, n = 47) or 50% magnesium sulfate wet dressing plus standard nursing care (control group, n = 47) for 14 days. Prespecified outcomes included phlebitis grade, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), symptom resolution time, and safety indicators. By Day 14, patients in the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in phlebitis severity than those in the control group (risk ratio for grade ≥ II, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.87; P = 0.012). The experimental group also showed significantly larger reductions in VAS pain scores, hs-CRP levels, and IL-6 concentrations (all P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis further demonstrated faster resolution of multiple local symptoms in the experimental group. Treatment adherence was high in both groups, and no serious adverse events or major safety concerns were observed. These findings indicate that the topical HZSH formula, combined with standard nursing care, is a safe and effective integrative nursing intervention that accelerates clinical recovery, alleviates local symptoms, and reduces the inflammatory burden in patients with chemotherapy-induced phlebitis.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Ciliochoroidal Effusion and Regional Scleral Thickening in Peripapillary Pachychoroid Syndrome.

PURPOSE: To assess anterior scleral thickness and the presence of ciliochoroidal effusion (CE) in eyes with peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS), and to compare the results with a cohort of healthy age-matched controls. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study METHODS: A total of 20 eyes from 12 patients diagnosed with PPS and 30 eyes from 15 healthy control subjects. All participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT) and anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT). Choroidal thickness was measured at predefined macular and peripapillary locations, while anterior scleral thickness was assessed 6 mm posterior to the scleral spur in 4 quadrants. Ciliochoroidal effusion was evaluated qualitatively using AS-OCT. Comparisons between groups were performed using linear mixed models with Bonferroni correction (scleral thickness corrected P < .010) RESULTS: The mean age of PPS patients was 75.6 ± 9.8 years, and 16% were females. Anterior scleral thickness was significantly greater in the temporal quadrant in PPS eyes compared to controls (396.85 ± 74.97 µm vs 331.13 ± 62.65 µm: P = .007). Ciliochoroidal effusion was detected in 60% of PPS eyes, predominantly in the superior and temporal sectors, whereas no effusion was observed in healthy controls (P < .001). Eyes with CE exhibited a thicker mean scleral thickness and a thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness compared to eyes without effusion (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Eyes with PPS demonstrated increased temporal scleral thickness and a high prevalence of CE. These findings suggest that scleral characteristics may represent a predisposing anatomical factor in PPS, although the precise pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Molecular diagnostic yield and barriers in inherited retinal diseases: a retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of panel-based genetic testing for inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) and identify barriers to molecular resolution. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 404 patients with clinically confirmed IRDs who were evaluated at the Adult Inherited Retinal Dystrophy Service, Ontario, Canada (October 2021-September 2024). METHODS: Patients underwent targeted massive parallel sequencing panel testing. Diagnostic yield was calculated, and unresolved cases were reviewed. Associations between yield, phenotype, ethnicity, and sex were assessed using χ² analysis. RESULTS: Of 685 referrals, 570 had confirmed IRDs. After we excluded 140 pending results and 26 patients who declined testing, 404 patients were analyzed. At referral, 94 patients (23.2%) had a previous molecular diagnosis, and 138 (34.0%) were diagnosed through clinic-initiated testing, giving an overall yield of 57.4%. Yield varied significantly by phenotype (χ², P = 1.4 × 10⁻⁶), from 94.4% in vitelliform macular dystrophies to 25.0% in vitreoretinopathies, with no sex association (P = 1.0). Disease-causing variants were identified in 83 IRD-associated genes, most frequently ABCA4, USH2A, and BEST1. Of 172 unresolved cases, 62 (36.0%) had negative panels, and 110 (63.9%) were inconclusive, including 30 with unphased pathogenic variants in recessive genes and 10 with high-suspicion variants of uncertain significance. Key barriers included limited family availability for phasing, restricted access to functional assays, and lack of public coverage for whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: Massive parallel sequencing-based panel testing achieved a 57% diagnostic yield in this IRD population. Success was strongly phenotype-dependent with substantial heterogeneity. Whole-exome sequencing, whole-genome sequencing, family segregation, and functional genomics could improve diagnostic outcomes and management.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Transient acoustic stimulation induces time-dependent synaptic remodeling and enhancement of auditory nerve output after threshold recovery.

BACKGROUND: Acoustic stress can alter cochlear function even in the absence of permanent threshold elevation; however, synaptic consequences of transient acoustic stimulation remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether transient acoustic stimulation induces changes in the auditory nerve output and cochlear ribbon synapse morphology following hearing threshold recovery. METHODS: Young adult CBA/CaJ mice were exposed to band-limited acoustic stimulation (45-2,000 Hz, 95 dB SPL, 2 h). Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), hair cell and spiral ganglion neuron survival, and synaptic morphology were evaluated before exposure and up to 2 weeks post-exposure. RESULTS: ABR thresholds were transiently elevated immediately after exposure but largely recovered by 1 day post-exposure. In contrast, ABR wave I amplitudes significantly increased after threshold recovery across multiple test frequencies. Ribbon-associated puncta in both inner and outer hair cell regions exhibited biphasic temporal changes, with an initial decrease immediately after exposure followed by an increase at 1 day post-exposure. The ribbon-associated punctal area also increased after exposure and remained elevated at later post-exposure time points. No significant loss of hair cells or spiral ganglion neurons was observed. Exploratory genomic analysis suggested enrichment of pathways related to metabolic defense and cellular stress responses. CONCLUSIONS: Transient acoustic stimulation induces time-dependent synaptic remodeling and enhancement of peripheral auditory nerve output without overt cellular degeneration. These findings support a model in which early cochlear responses to acoustic perturbation include adaptive synaptic plasticity and gain regulation, extending current concepts of noise-induced cochlear change beyond irreversible synaptic loss.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Genomic and One Health insights into Vibrio parahaemolyticus from environmental, seafood and clinical sources.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide, with climate warming facilitating its spread to high-latitude areas. In this study, we analyzed 212 genomes of environmental and seafood-associated isolates collected from seven cities in Zhejiang Province, China (2019-2024), alongside 228 clinical genomes from public databases. The 212 isolates were assigned to 172 sequence types (STs), with ST490 being the most frequent (5/212, 2.36%). Forty-four serotypes were identified, dominated by OL3:KUT (12.68%). High ST and serotype diversity were observed across different sample types and sources, with median pairwise single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ranging from 57,431 to 58,378, indicating comparable genetic diversity across groups. All isolates carried tlh and T3SS1 but lacked tdh and T3SS2. Resistance rates against ampicillin and cefazolin were 54.72% (116/212) and 44.34% (94/212), respectively, with multidrug resistance (MDR) detected in nine isolates, predominantly from seafood (7/9). A total of 63 distinct antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) spanning seven classes were identified. Isolates from aquaculture farms and wet markets exhibited greater resistance category diversity and higher ARG carriage than those from coastal or riverine sites. In contrast, the 228 clinical isolates harbored only 25 ARGs across two classes, with a significantly lower proportion of isolates carrying multiple ARG classes (0.44% vs. 6.13%, P < 0.001). Human isolates formed tighter phylogenetic clusters, although a minority were closely related to environmental/foodborne strains. Overall, our findings demonstrate the genetic diversity and resistance potential of V. parahaemolyticus across environmental, seafood, and clinical sources, highlighting the importance of the One Health approach to comprehensive public health risk assessment.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus↗

PubMed2026

Potential Links Between Physiological and Perceptual Strain in High Heat Stress.

The physiological strain index (PhSI) is widely used to quantify thermoregulatory and cardiovascular strain during heat stress. However, direct physiological measurements may not always be feasible in occupational or athletic settings. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship and agreement between perceptual strain and integrated physiological strain indices during high heat stress. Ten healthy, physically active, non-heat-acclimated males (29 (7) yr; 1.79 (0.11) m; 77.4 (9.3) kg) completed two randomized crossover exercise trials in hot-dry (HD) and warm-humid (WH) environments with equivalent wet-bulb globe temperatures. Heart rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature, rating of perceived exertion, and thermal sensation were measured at baseline and every 15 minutes during 60 minutes of cycling. Physiological strain index (PhSI), adaptive physiological strain index (aPhSI), and perceptual strain index (PeSI) were calculated using validated equations. Repeated-measures correlation analyses demonstrated very strong associations between PeSI and both PhSI and aPhSI under HD (Rrm = 0.940-0.943) and WH (Rrm = 0.980-0.982; all p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analyses demonstrated good-to-excellent discrimination of physiological strain by PeSI (AUC = 0.895-0.969). Mixed-effects analyses showed that higher PeSI values were associated with increased PhSI (β = 1.325, p < 0.001) and aPhSI (β = 1.459, p < 0.001). However, Bland-Altman analyses demonstrated relatively small mean biases (0.4-0.9 AU) but wide limits of agreement (-2.8 to 4.2 AU), indicating that PeSI and physiological strain indices are not interchangeable. These findings suggest that PeSI may serve as a practical adjunctive or screening indicator of physiological strain when direct physiological measurements are unavailable.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Safety of insulin eye drops in the treatment of open angle glaucoma: a randomized phase I clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The progression of glaucoma despite adequate intraocular pressure (IOP) control highlights the need for neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies. Preclinical studies suggest insulin promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and regeneration, but its safety in higher concentrations (100 and 500 units/mL), administered topically, has been poorly characterized in humans. We aim to assess the safety and tolerability of these two concentrations of insulin eye drops in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). DESIGN: A phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-centre clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with mild to moderate OAG were randomized 2:2:1 to receive once-daily topical insulin U-100, U-500, or placebo in 1 eye for 5 days, with follow-up visits at 1, 3, and 6 months. The primary safety outcomes include glycemia, serum potassium, ocular adverse events (AEs), and ocular tolerability scores. Secondary outcomes included IOP, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, ganglion cell complex, visual field, and OCT angiography. RESULTS: Eighteen open-angle glaucoma patients were enrolled (mean age: 66.2 ± 10.1 years). No serious AEs related to insulin were observed. One asymptomatic, transient near-hypoglycemia event occurred in a fasting participant (3.9 mmol/L), with no recurrence after dietary adjustment. No significant changes were found in serum potassium, IOP, BCVA, visual fields, or OCT. Ocular symptoms in the insulin groups were limited to transient, mild burning sensation upon application. One participant experienced cystoid macular edema at 3 months, which was attributed to pre-existing ocular pathology. CONCLUSION: Topical insulin at 100 and 500 units/mL concentrations was well tolerated in patients for short-term use and did not result in significant systemic or ocular toxicity.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Climate and soil shape Daqu wheat quality and seed microbiome via rhizosphere taxa and microbial assembly.

The grain quality and seed microbiome of Daqu wheat are fundamental determinants of Daqu fermentation performance; however, the mechanisms by which cultivation environments influence these traits via rhizosphere microbial communities remain unclear. Bacterial and fungal communities across the bulk soil-rhizosphere-seed continuum of three wheat cultivars grown in four ecoregions were characterized using absolute quantitative amplicon sequencing. The rhizosphere microbiome was treated as a central intermediary, while the response variables were seed microbial diversity and grain-quality traits, including starch content, protein content, and grain hardness. Twelve physicochemical properties of soil and 11 climatic factors were integrated into a multidimensional association framework. Environmental conditions exerted stronger influences on both seed quality traits and microbial diversity than cultivar identity. Distinct regional signatures were also evident in rhizosphere microbiomes, with environmental gradients explaining community variation more effectively than geographic distance. Bacterial communities exhibited greater sensitivity to environmental fluctuations than fungi. Mantel analyses identified available nitrogen, precipitation, and atmospheric pressure as significant drivers of core rhizosphere taxa (P < 0.05). iCAMP revealed that stochastic processes predominantly governed rhizosphere bacterial assembly, whereas stochastic and deterministic mechanisms jointly shaped fungal assembly. Partial least squares path modeling further uncovered a rhizosphere-mediated environment-seed cascade, wherein sunlight intensity and duration, atmospheric pressure, and soil nitrogen directly or indirectly affected seed wet gluten content, grain hardness, and seed microbial diversity through their influences on rhizosphere microbiota. Rhizosphere bacterial diversity was negatively associated with seed bacterial diversity (path coefficient = -0.118, P < 0.05), indicating that rhizosphere communities may shape seed endophytic bacterial assemblages via environmental filtering and competitive interactions. Collectively, these findings elucidate how environments shape the quality and seed microbiomes of Daqu wheat, providing scientific guidance for optimal site selection and the standardized production of high-quality brewing wheat for industrial Baijiu.

Triticum↗

PubMed2026

A systematic review and meta-analysis of OCT-based ophthalmic changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease marked by motor decline and respiratory failure. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a non-invasive imaging technique, has been explored for detecting retinal structural changes that may reflect neurodegeneration in ALS. While some studies report thinning of retinal layers, findings remain inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis is needed to clarify the extent of retinal involvement and the potential of OCT as a biomarker in ALS. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases for studies published between 2010 and May 2025. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and publication bias was evaluated through funnel plot asymmetry and Egger's test. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models to account for between-study heterogeneity, and differences in OCT parameters between ALS patients and healthy controls were expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The primary unadjusted global model demonstrated significant reduction of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in ALS patients compared to controls (unadjusted SMD = -0.295, 95% CI: -0.522, -0.068). Upon applying a Design Effect variance inflation model to address fellow-eye non-independence, the pooled estimate remained robustly significant across a conservative range of intraclass correlations (SMD ranged from -0.256 to -0.249). Subgroup analyses revealed that RNFL thinning was particularly pronounced in spinal-onset ALS (SMD = -0.54, 95% CI: (-0.98, -0.10). When studies were stratified by the region of conduct, RNFL and macular thinning reached statistical significance only within the non-Asian subgroup, though the formal test for subgroup differences was not significant. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrates significant bilateral RNFL thinning in ALS, with relative preservation of the Inner Nuclear Layer and Ganglion Cell Layer - Inner Plexiform Layer, supporting retinal neurodegeneration as a feature of this multisystem disorder. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO identifier CRD420251076035.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genomic insights into end-use grain quality and nutritional traits of an ancient Indian dwarf wheat ( Triticum sphaerococcum Percival) population using a multi-locus genome-wide association study.

BACKGROUND: Triticum sphaerococcum, an ancient hexaploid wheat species, is renowned for its stress resilience and superior nutritional quality. A panel of 116 T. sphaerococcum accessions (the largest known collection at a single site globally), with six bread wheat released varieties, was evaluated for its potential for genetic quality improvement. Field experiments were conducted under standard, heat and moisture-deficit conditions across two cropping seasons for ten grain end-use quality and nutritional traits. RESULTS: Genotypes showed highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) for measured traits, with high broad-sense heritability resulting from substantial genotypic variance contributions. Triticum sphaerococcum consistently outperformed T. aestivum across environments, with moisture-deficit stress proving more detrimental to quality parameters than heat stress, while micronutrient content increased under stressed conditions. Trait correlations revealed that the gluten index (GI) correlated negatively with the grain hardness index (GHI), wet gluten (WG), and water-binding capacity (WB), while positively correlating with dry gluten (DG) and protein content (PRO), whereas grain iron (GFE), zinc (GZN), and protein showed consistent positive interrelationships. Two superior accessions, PAUTS10 (WG 35.13%, DG 13.71%, PRO 16.42%, GZN 50.89 ppm) and Sonamoti (WG 33.33%, DG 12.92%, PRO 16.27%, GZN 56.03 ppm), were identified, surpassing the best check variety HD3226 for quality and nutritional parameters. Multi-locus genome-wide association studies identified 30 stable quantitative trait nucleotides across environments, with candidate gene analysis revealing genes involved in transcription regulation, biosynthetic processes, metal ion homeostasis, and transport. CONCLUSIONS: Triticum sphaerococcum demonstrated superior grain quality and micronutrient potential compared with modern wheat, highlighting its value as a genetic resource for biofortification. The identification of elite accessions and stable quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) provides useful targets for breeding programs aimed at improving protein and micronutrient content. Integrating ancient germplasm with modern genomic tools can accelerate the development of nutritionally enhanced wheat varieties. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Triticum↗

PubMed2026

Aflibercept With Versus Without Reduced-Fluence Photodynamic Therapy for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: Optical Coherence Tomography Angiographic Changes From a Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVES: To report the longitudinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) changes in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) treated with intravitreal aflibercept monotherapy or in combination with reduced-fluence PDT. DESIGN: Image analysis of a double-masked, sham-controlled, randomized clinical trial. SUBJECTS: 55 eyes of 55 treatment-naïve participants with symptomatic macular PCV completing 52 weeks of follow-up. METHODS: Participants underwent protocolized, multimodal imaging, including OCT, OCTA, fluorescein angiography, and indocyanine green angiography at baseline, week 12, and week 52. Quantitative OCTA parameters included total lesion area, branching neovascular network (BNN) area, and BNN vessel density (VD). Qualitative features included trunk vessel presence and OCTA signal within the polypoidal lesion (PL). Eyes were categorized by treatment arm and PL closure at week 52. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Longitudinal OCTA changes and predictors of PL closure at week 52. RESULTS: We included 55 eyes (28 combination therapy and 27 monotherapy). Total lesion area decreased at week 12 but returned toward baseline at week 52 (combination: 3.72 ± 3.01mm2 at baseline, 2.86 ± 2.50mm2 at week 12, 3.59 ± 3.26mm2 at week 52; monotherapy: 3.77 ± 2.23mm2 at baseline, 3.27 ± 2.36mm2 at week 12, and 3.47 ± 2.58mm2 at week 52). BNN area decreased at week 12 and remained reduced at week 52 in both treatment arms (combination: 2.29 ± 2.08 mm2 at baseline, 1.46 ± 1.36mm2 at week 12, and 1.53 ± 1.32mm2 at week 52; monotherapy: 2.39 ± 1.85mm2 at baseline, 1.87 ± 1.68mm2 at week 12, and 1.82 ± 1.38mm2 at week 52). BNN VD reduction was greater in the combination arm at week 12 (-10 ± 15% vs - 3 ± 12%, P = .02). The proportion of eyes with trunk vessels increased over time in both arms (combination: 35.7% at baseline, 59.3% at week 12, and 67.8% at week 52; monotherapy: 25.9% at baseline, 44.4% at week 12, and 71.4% at week 52). In multivariable analysis, baseline BCVA predicted BCVA change at week 52 (β=-0.96 [-1.21 to -0.72], P < .01), and baseline CST predicted CST change (β=0.93 [0.75 to 1.10], P < .01). Greater reduction in BNN VD at week 12 was independently associated with PL closure at week 52 (OR 0.62 [0.39 to 0.97], P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Early reduction in BNN vessel density, rather than reduction in lesion size, was associated with subsequent PL closure. OCTA-derived vascular changes may serve as noninvasive biomarkers for predicting treatment response in PCV.

Humans↗