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PubMed2026

Prevalence of POMC allele associated with obesity in feline population in Vietnam.

Feline obesity is an increasingly important health problem influenced by both genetic predisposition and husbandry practices. This study investigated the prevalence and phenotypic relevance of the feline proopiomelanocortin (POMC) c.28G > C (p.Gly10Arg) variant in a Vietnamese cat population and evaluated environmental factors associated with obesity. A total of 63 clinically healthy cats were classified as normal weight (body condition score [BCS] 5-6/9; n = 40) or obese (BCS ≥7/9; n = 23). Genotyping was performed using a newly developed PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay and validated by Sanger sequencing. Ventral subcutaneous adipose tissue (VSAT) thickness was measured ultrasonographically as an objective indicator of adiposity. Genotyping revealed a high prevalence of the risk-associated C allele, with 45/63 cats (71.4%) carrying the GC genotype and 18/63 (28.6%) carrying the CC genotype, whereas the GG genotype was not detected, giving a Callele frequency of 64.3%. Obese cats had significantly greater body weight and VSAT thickness than normal-weight cats. Neuter status and ad libitum feeding were significantly associated with obesity, whereas diet type, housing, exercise frequency, and begging behavior were not. Although genotype distribution did not differ significantly between normal and obese cohorts, obese CC cats showed significantly greater VSAT thickness than obese GC cats, indicating an allele-dosage effect on adiposity. These findings suggest that the POMC c.28G > C variant is a useful risk-informative marker and that combining genetic screening with objective fat assessment may support earlier identification and prevention of feline obesity in Vietnam under routine laboratory conditions and guide personalized management strategies in practice.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Risk factors for loss of skeletal muscle mass in patients with chronic kidney disease on a low-protein diet.

OBJECTIVES: A low-protein diet (LPD) is recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to prevent a further decline in renal function. However, its impact on muscle mass in these patients remains unclear. This study investigated the risk factors for loss of muscle mass in patients with CKD on an LPD. METHODS: Eighty-four patients with predialysis CKD (59 men, mean age 61.9 ± 11.5 y) who participated in a multicenter randomized controlled trial initiated in 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. We collected data on baseline blood and urine tests, body composition, and dietary records at the start and end of the observation period. We evaluated muscle mass using the skeletal muscle index (SMI) and analyzed risk factors for a decrease in SMI during the 24-wk observation period, using logistic regression analysis. Variables with an association (P < 0.1) in univariate analysis, as well as age, sex, use of low-protein rice, and changes in protein intake, were subjected to multivariate analysis. RESULTS: SMI decreased in 50 patients (59.5%) during the observation period. Multivariate analysis identified significant associations of the SMI with serum albumin at baseline (odds ratio 0.11, 95% confidence interval 0.02-0.52, P = 0.004) and changes in energy intake while on the LPD (odds ratio 3.39, 95% confidence interval 1.00-11.43, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for reduced SMI in patients with CKD on an LPD were malnutrition when initiating the LPD and reduced energy intake during its implementation. Clinicians should optimize nutritional status before initiation of an LPD and ensure adequate energy intake throughout treatment.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A Dynamic Nomogram to Predict Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) involves multiple metabolic disorders. This study aimed to identify high-risk populations for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with MetS and to establish a dynamic predictive nomogram. METHODS: A total of 627 patients with MetS from six regions in Zhejiang Province were enrolled and categorized into MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups, then randomly assigned to training and validation sets at a ratio of 7:3. Independent predictors of MAFLD were identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariable logistic regression analyses. These predictors were then used to construct a dynamic nomogram. RESULTS: A total of 627 patients with MetS were included in the final analysis, of whom 77.0% (483/627) were diagnosed with MAFLD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), MetS-defined dysglycemia, and education level as independent risk factors for MAFLD. MetS-defined dysglycemia showed the highest odds ratio (OR) for MAFLD development [OR = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-3.29]. Although the number of MetS components and the metabolic syndrome score were significantly associated with MAFLD in univariate analysis, they were not independently associated with MAFLD in the multivariate model. A dynamic nomogram for predicting MAFLD risk in patients with MetS was developed and internally validated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.834 (95% CI: 0.787-0.880) in the training set and 0.839 (95% CI: 0.771-0.899) in the validation set, indicating strong predictive performance. Bootstrap internal validation demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed outcomes in calibration curves. Decision curve analysis further indicated favorable clinical applicability of the nomogram. CONCLUSION: BMI, WC, TC, ALT, MetS-defined dysglycemia, and education level are independent risk factors for MAFLD. A dynamic nomogram for predicting MAFLD risk in patients with MetS was successfully developed and validated.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

[Complex therapy of chronic bacterial prostatitis using the immunomodulatory drug sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione].

INTRODUCTION: Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is characterized by a recurrent course caused by pathogen persistence and impaired local immunity of the prostate. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of the use of sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione in the complex therapy of chronic bacterial prostatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective comparative study included 60 men aged 21-50 years with CBP (NIH category II). Patients were randomized into two groups of 30: the comparison group received levofloxacin 500 mg/day for 28 days; the main group additionally received rectal sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione. NIH-CPSI, IPSS, QoL, uroflowmetry, leukocyte and lecithin body counts in prostatic secretion, and bacteriological examination were assessed at baseline and on day 28, and the recurrence rate over 3 months. RESULTS: By day 28, the main group showed a more pronounced decrease in the total NIH-CPSI score (8.1+/-2.1 vs 13.4+/-2.6; p<0.001), restoration of lecithin bodies (+65.1% vs +24.5%; p<0.05), normalization of uroflowmetry, and pathogen eradication in 86.7% vs 66.7% of patients (p<0.05). The 3-month recurrence rate decreased from 26.7 to 10.0% (p<0.05). No adverse events were registered. DISCUSSION: The advantage of combinationtherapy is due to the combination of anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,antioxidantandregenerativeeffects of the drug,which is confirmed by the restoration of the secretoryfunction of the prostateepitheliumaccording to the dynamics of lecithingrains. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of sodium aminodihydrophthalazinedione in the combination therapy of CBP increases the clinical and microbiological efficacy of treatment and reduces the recurrence rate.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacokinetically guided and body surface area-based 5-fluorouracil dosing in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Body surface area (BSA)-based 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) dosing remains the standard in colorectal cancer despite substantial interpatient pharmacokinetic variability, which may lead to underexposure, treatment failure, or severe toxicity. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether pharmacokinetically guided 5-FU dosing improves efficacy and safety compared with conventional BSA-based dosing. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to the final search date. The search identified 1,802 records: PubMed/MEDLINE, 47; Embase, 118; and Scopus, 1,637 records. Comparative randomized and non-randomized studies evaluating pharmacokinetically guided, area under the curve-guided, or therapeutic drug monitoring-based 5-FU dosing versus BSA-based dosing in colorectal cancer were included. Random-effects models were employed. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2 and ROBINS-I, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE. RESULTS: Five studies comprising 809 unique patients were included. Across the primary severe-toxicity analysis, the pooled denominator was 1,338 reported observations, including 625 in the PK-guided 5-FU dosing arm and 713 in the BSA-based 5-FU dosing arm, because one study reported severe toxicity by treatment cycle rather than by patient. PK-guided dosing was associated with lower severe or grade ≥ 3 toxicity (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.33-0.76; P = 0.001; I²=79%). PK-guided dosing was also associated with a higher objective response rate (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.24-1.80; P < 0.0001) and disease control rate (RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.07-1.30; P = 0.001). Severe diarrhea was reduced (RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.18-0.62; P = 0.0006), whereas mucositis, neutropenia/leukopenia, and hand-foot syndrome were not significantly different between dosing strategies. CONCLUSION: PK-guided 5-FU dosing was associated with lower severe toxicity and diarrhea and higher objective response and disease-control rates than conventional BSA-based dosing. However, the evidence was derived from a small and clinically heterogeneous group of studies, and progression-free or overall-survival benefits could not be established. The findings apply predominantly to metastatic colorectal cancer treated with infusional 5-FU within FOLFOX- or FOLFIRI-based regimens. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Not applicable. This study was a systematic review and metaanalysis, and not a clinical trial.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy and Safety of Bimagrumab in Adults With Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

AIMS: This study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy of bimagrumab on body composition and glucose parameters in adults with obesity and metabolic dysfunction and its safety profile. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library on April 20, 2026, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing bimagrumab treatment in adults with obesity, insulin resistance, or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2), and meta-analyses of efficacy and safety data were conducted using R software. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to assess the strength of evidence. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420261377110). RESULTS: Of the 134 retrieved records, 4 RCTs (enrolling 268 participants) were included. The included population represented a broad spectrum of metabolic dysfunction, from obesity and nondiabetic insulin resistance to established T2DM. Compared with placebo, bimagrumab treatment significantly reduced total weight (mean difference [MD] -4.85 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] -6.82 to -2.88), fat mass (-4.72 kg [-8.05 to -1.40]), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (-0.13% [-0.23 to -0.03]) and significantly increased total lean mass (1.66 kg [0.81 to 2.51]). However, bimagrumab led to an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations of 0.47 mmol/L [0.03 to 0.91] and significantly increased incidences of discontinuation (risk ratio [RR] 5.75 [1.61 to 20.46]), muscle spasms (RR 10.44 [4.23 to 25.75]), and diarrhoea (RR 4.91 [2.38 to 10.11]). CONCLUSION: Bimagrumab effectively reversed adverse effects on body composition in obese individuals, resulting in significant fat reduction, increased skeletal muscle mass, and improved glycemic control, suggesting that bimagrumab is a promising new target for personalized metabolic therapy.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Empagliflozin and functional aerobic capacity in individuals with increased risk of heart failure: The Empire Prevent Cardiac trial.

BACKGROUND: Higher maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂ max) is associated with lower risk of developing heart failure (HF). Empagliflozin improves VO2 max in HF with reduced ejection fraction, but the effect on VO2 max in individuals at risk of HF remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 180 days treatment with empagliflozin compared to placebo on VO2 max, daily physical activity level, and quality of life (QoL) in individuals with overweight or obesity and risk of HF. METHOD: This investigator-initiated, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial included elderly individuals with body mass index >28 kg/m2 and at least one additional risk factor for HF, including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, or chronic kidney disease. Individuals with HF or type 2 diabetes mellitus were excluded. The primary endpoint was the mean difference in change of VO2 max. The secondary outcome was objectively measured physical activity level. QoL was an explorative outcome. RESULTS: Among 191 randomized individuals (94 empagliflozin, 97 placebo), 89% had hypertension and 66% ischemic heart disease. At baseline, 69% were male, median age was 68 years, median body mass index 31.9 kg/m², mean left ventricular ejection fraction 65 ± 9%, and mean VO₂ max 18.1 ± 4.3 mL/min/kg. Empagliflozin did not change VO2 max with an estimated treatment difference of -0.2 mL/min/kg (97.5% confidence interval -1.2 to 0.8), adjusted P = 1.00. No significant treatment differences were observed for neither daily physical activity nor QoL. CONCLUSIONS: Empagliflozin did not affect VO2 max, physical activity level, or QoL in elderly individuals with overweight or obesity and risk of HF.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Ciliochoroidal Effusion and Regional Scleral Thickening in Peripapillary Pachychoroid Syndrome.

PURPOSE: To assess anterior scleral thickness and the presence of ciliochoroidal effusion (CE) in eyes with peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS), and to compare the results with a cohort of healthy age-matched controls. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study METHODS: A total of 20 eyes from 12 patients diagnosed with PPS and 30 eyes from 15 healthy control subjects. All participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging (EDI-OCT) and anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT). Choroidal thickness was measured at predefined macular and peripapillary locations, while anterior scleral thickness was assessed 6 mm posterior to the scleral spur in 4 quadrants. Ciliochoroidal effusion was evaluated qualitatively using AS-OCT. Comparisons between groups were performed using linear mixed models with Bonferroni correction (scleral thickness corrected P < .010) RESULTS: The mean age of PPS patients was 75.6 ± 9.8 years, and 16% were females. Anterior scleral thickness was significantly greater in the temporal quadrant in PPS eyes compared to controls (396.85 ± 74.97 µm vs 331.13 ± 62.65 µm: P = .007). Ciliochoroidal effusion was detected in 60% of PPS eyes, predominantly in the superior and temporal sectors, whereas no effusion was observed in healthy controls (P < .001). Eyes with CE exhibited a thicker mean scleral thickness and a thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness compared to eyes without effusion (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Eyes with PPS demonstrated increased temporal scleral thickness and a high prevalence of CE. These findings suggest that scleral characteristics may represent a predisposing anatomical factor in PPS, although the precise pathophysiological mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Height variation independent of known genetic variants and health in later life: a cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Adult-attained height is associated with later-life health, but it reflects both genetic and nongenetic influences. The health implications of height variation not explained by known common height-associated genetic variants remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine associations of residual height (height variation independent of known genetic variants) with multiple disease incidence and all-cause mortality in later life. METHODS: In this cohort study of 407,366 adults of European ancestry (aged 40-70 y) in the United Kingdom Biobank (2006-2010), sex- and age-specific genetically predicted height was estimated from 9863 height-associated variants, adjusted for 30 principal components of ancestry. Residual height was calculated as the difference between observed and genetically predicted height. Plasma proteomics (2054 proteins; Olink Explore) were profiled. Deaths and 49 incident diseases were ascertained through national registries. Multivariable Cox models estimated associations of residual height and related proteins with disease incidence and mortality. RESULTS: Higher residual height [mean (standard deviation, SD), 0.0 (4.8)] was associated with more favorable self-reported preadulthood exposures (e.g., later birth years, no maternal smoking around birth, being breastfed as an infant, no adoption experience, and lower childhood adversity scores) and lower hazard ratios (HRs) of 32 out of 49 diseases (median follow-up = ∼12.5 y). Using participants with residual height within ±0.5 SDs from the mean as reference, those with residual height < -2 SDs had higher adjusted HRs of mortality [1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.50, 1.72], multimorbidity (1.28; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.46), cardiovascular disease (1.45; 95% CI: 1.32, 1.60), psychiatric/neurological disease (1.38; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.48), and other disease categories (e.g., diabetes, digestive, and musculoskeletal diseases). In contrast, higher genetically predicted height was associated with a higher incidence of 19 diseases, including subtypes of cancer, non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases, as well as higher all-cause mortality. We identified 806 plasma proteins related to inflammation, immune response, and autophagy via tumor necrosis factor, Nuclear factor-kappa B, phosphoinositide-3 kinase/protein kinase B, and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways, which were associated with residual height and multiple diseases and mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Higher residual height is associated with lower disease incidence and mortality, with associations that are distinct from those for genetically predicted height.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Ablative radiotherapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To prove the oncological benefit of ablative radiotherapy in patients with up to five metastases from castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) a single-centre randomised trial was initiated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This monocentric, randomised, phase II clinical trial enrolled patients with up to five prostate-specific membrane antigen-positive bone or lymph node metastases developing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression during androgen deprivation (ADT) or ADT and androgen-receptor targeted therapy. Participants were randomised (2:1) to receive metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) or observation (OBS) without changing systemic therapy. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients having PSA progression within 1 year, with statistical analyses conducted using intention-to-treat principles. Here, results of a planned interim analysis of the primary endpoint are reported. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients (12 in the observation arm and 18 in the MDT arm) were enrolled, PSA progression within 1 year occurred in 44% of the MDT group vs 75% in the OBS group (P = 0.14, not significant). The median time to PSA progression was significantly longer in the MDT arm (12.4 months) compared to the OBS arm (2.9 months, P = 0.03). The pre-defined criteria to discontinue the study were not met. Limitations include the single-centre design and small sample size at interim analysis. CONCLUSION: This pre-planned interim analysis of the primary endpoint did not meet the discontinuation criteria of the study protocol, suggesting that MDT in oligometastatic CRPC may extend the time to PSA progression without immediate change of systemic therapy. The continuation of the study in a multicentre setting is planned (Institutional funding by the TU Dresden, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04141709).

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A two-center randomized clinical superiority trial of single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy for severe obesity: SASSY study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass is a novel metabolic bariatric surgery intended to enhance metabolic outcomes and reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Although preliminary outcome data for single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass are promising, evidence from adequately powered, randomized head-to-head comparisons is scarce. This trial compares the efficacy and safety of single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy in patients with class II obesity (body mass index = 35.0-39.9 kg/m²) with at least one obesity‑related comorbidity or class III obesity (body mass index ⩾40.0 kg/m²). METHODS: This two-center randomized clinical superiority trial enrolls patients eligible for metabolic bariatric surgery at two specialized Norwegian centers. Included patients are randomly assigned (1:1) to either single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass or sleeve gastrectomy with standardized perioperative treatment and care. The primary endpoint is the between-group difference in change in body mass index from baseline to 2 years after single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy. Secondary endpoints include additional weight loss outcomes, the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, surgical and postoperative complications, obesity-related comorbidities, nutritional status, bone mineral density, gastrointestinal symptoms, quality of life, and rates of revisional and conversion surgery. All endpoints will be evaluated at 2 and 5 years after surgery. Statistical analyses utilize linear mixed models and analysis of covariance within an intention-to-treat framework. DISCUSSION: This trial will provide high-level evidence with robust and comparative outcome data on single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass and sleeve gastrectomy, aiming to clarify the clinical utility of single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass and inform surgical practice. Findings will address gaps in medium- and long-term evidence regarding weight loss, safety, comorbidity resolution, and quality of life following single-anastomosis sleeve ileal bypass.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Weight Loss without Food Intake Suppression through Size-Dependent Retention of Anti-Inflammatory Nanomedicines.

Obesity is a risk factor for high-mortality health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, which makes the advancement of efficacious and safe weight loss therapies a high priority in pharmacology. The causal link between obesity and its comorbid conditions is believed to be a chronic state of inflammation originating within adipose tissue, with macrophages playing central roles, an axis that is not targeted directly by current therapies. Here, we use nanocarriers to deliver an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid receptor agonist to adipose tissue macrophages and report the impact of size on therapeutic effect. Three dextran nanocarriers between 4-30 nm in hydrodynamic diameter released molecular drug cargo at equivalent rates and exhibited similar biological potency in vitro. In vivo in a mouse model of obesity, body weight and body fat were reduced in a size-dependent manner after 2-4 weeks of treatment. Unlike current clinical pharmacotherapies for weight loss, these body composition changes were not associated with changes in food intake. Greater retention of larger dextran nanocarriers in visceral adipose tissue appears to elicit a local change to promote browning by increasing mitochondrial abundance and lipid droplet fragmentation. Further development of this platform may result in a safe and potent modulator of adipose tissue in the state of obesity without direct action on nutrient intake to address malnutrition and lean body mass deficiencies observed with current weight loss pharmacotherapies.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Gender-specific pathways linking body dissatisfaction, self-disgust, and social anxiety in Chinese adolescents: A three-wave longitudinal study.

Adolescence is a critical period for physical and psychological development. Body dissatisfaction is a significant concern during this stage, contributing to psychological issues such as social anxiety. However, the longitudinal relationships among body dissatisfaction, self-disgust, and social anxiety, as well as the potential role of gender differences in these dynamics, remain unclear. A total of 1109 junior high school students in China completed the baseline survey, with data collected at three time points (Mage = 12.67 years, SD = 0.68; 51.9% girls). Data were collected using the Body Areas Satisfaction Scale (BASS), the Self-Disgust Scale (SDS), and the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the longitudinal mediating effects among body dissatisfaction, self-disgust, and social anxiety, as well as to explore gender differences in these relationships. After controlling for autoregressive effects of self-disgust and social anxiety across waves, body dissatisfaction at T1 was found to indirectly predict social anxiety at T3 through self-disgust at T2, while indirectly predicting self-disgust at T3 through social anxiety at T2. Multi-group analyses revealed significant gender differences: for females, only the mediating pathway with self-disgust as the mediator was significant; for males, only the pathway with social anxiety as the mediator was significant. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the emotional mechanisms linking body dissatisfaction to social anxiety and highlight the importance of considering gender-specific pathways in prevention and intervention efforts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

How, When, and for Whom Does Daily Weight Bias Internalization Undermine Body Image Satisfaction? A Daily Diary Study of Perceived Weight, Exercise Duration, and Gender Differences Among Adolescents.

Although body image satisfaction is increasingly recognized as a dynamic experience that fluctuates across daily contexts, little is known about how weight bias internalization shapes these fluctuations or the cognitive mechanisms and contextual factors involved. The present study examined whether perceived weight mediates the association between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction, whether exercise duration moderates this association, and whether these effects differ by gender. Daily diary data were collected over 10 consecutive days from 305 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.59 years, SD = 0.63 years; 49.2% girls). Multilevel analyses revealed that, at both within- and between-person levels, higher weight bias internalization was associated with lower body image satisfaction. Perceived weight significantly mediated the association between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction at both levels. Additionally, exploratory analyses using dynamic structural equation modeling further indicated that perceived weight mediated the relationship between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction at the between-person level, but not at the within-person level. Furthermore, exercise duration moderated the association between perceived weight and body image satisfaction among female adolescents but not among male adolescents. Specifically, the negative association between perceived weight and body image satisfaction was stronger on days when girls engaged in more exercise than usual and among girls with higher average exercise duration. In addition, exercise duration moderated the indirect association between weight bias internalization and body image satisfaction through perceived weight at both within- and between-person levels among girls. These findings highlight the dynamic cognitive processes linking weight bias internalization to body image satisfaction, and the importance of considering gender and daily exercise context in understanding adolescents' body image experiences.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Indigenous body image amid rapid social and economic change: A reflexive thematic analysis of Wayuu narratives.

The Wayuu, Colombia's largest Indigenous group, are experiencing rapid social, economic, and technological change, including expanding internet access, educational opportunities, and increasing exposure to globalised media. Though the harmful effects of appearance-idealised media imagery on body image are well documented, indigenous body image research remains unevenly distributed across global contexts, with Latin American Indigenous communities particularly underrepresented. This study explored how Wayuu people understand and experience appearance ideals and body image in the context of expanding digital media exposure and rapid sociocultural and economic change. Five focus groups of up to 9 participants were conducted with 29 Wayuu participants (18-68 years; 23 women, 6 men). Using reflexive thematic analysis, three overarching themes were identified: (1) Intersecting sources of appearance pressure: encompassing influences from social media, Wayuu family expectations, and discrimination from non-Indigenous peers; (2) Negotiating and resisting appearance ideals: from body dissatisfaction and restrictive eating to affirmation of cultural identity as protection; and (3) The changing role of appearance in today's Wayuu culture: participants linked globalised appearance ideals to expanding educational opportunities, migration, digital connectivity, and broader socioeconomic transformations occurring within Wayuu territories. While exposure to global ideals fostered comparison and dissatisfaction, cultural pride and collective belonging appeared to buffer against internalised colonial values. Culturally grounded media literacy and education initiatives co-developed with Wayuu communities could foster critical reflection while strengthening heritage. These results highlight the need for decolonial, community-based approaches to body image research and intervention in Indigenous contexts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Instruments for measuring body image in breast cancer patients: a systematic review of measurement properties.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of PROMs for measuring body image in breast cancer patients. METHODS: In December 2024, a psychometric systematic review was performed in the nine databases. The COSMIN checklist was employed to evaluate the methodological quality and psychometric properties of the included body image measures. The level of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework, and final recommendations were formulated for the scale. RESULTS: Thirty-eight articles evaluating fifteen PROMs were included in this review. Structural validity, internal consistency, and hypothesis testing had been most frequently evaluated. Measurement error had not been assessed for all PROMs. Twelve instruments show potential application value but require further research. The BAS-BC, PSPP, and ASI-R are not recommended for use, as these instruments do not meet the strict COSMIN thresholds for full recommendation. CONCLUSION: The BIS can be recommended as a temporary screening tool for assessing body image outcome in clinical practice. The BIRS can be tentatively advised for measuring specific postoperative body image changes. However, further comprehensive studies are required to validate the psychometric properties of existing PROMs.

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PubMed2026

The effects of fitspiration TikTok content on body image and mood among young adult women in the U.S.

Fitspiration is an appearance-based form of media that promotes physical fitness and dieting. While not true of all fitspiration media, some forms promote these ideals through visuals of toned, athletic bodies that have become increasingly prevalent on the short-form video platform, TikTok. Although often framed as health-promoting, fitspiration exposure has been associated with upward appearance comparison (i.e., comparison with people perceived as more attractive) and negative effects on body image and mood. The present study investigated the effects of short-form video-based fitspiration on social comparison, appearance importance, appearance anxiety, body dissatisfaction, and negative affect. Using an experimental design, 150 undergraduate women (Mage = 19.28) in the United States were randomly assigned to view a five-minute TikTok compilation of either animal (n = 75) or fitspiration videos (n = 75). Participants completed baseline measures prior to viewing and state-level measures after completing their video set. Results indicated that, relative to control, viewing fitspiration content led to greater social comparison, appearance concerns, feelings of being fat, and sadness. Baseline appearance concerns and depressive symptoms significantly moderated group differences in responses, such that negative fitspiration effects on state-level appearance concerns were found among individuals high but not low in baseline appearance concerns and among individuals low but not high in baseline depressive symptoms. These findings contribute to the growing literature on fitspiration by demonstrating the immediate psychological effects of this content in short-form videos and highlighting the importance of considering individual differences in vulnerability.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparison of Iodinated Contrast Doses Based on Total Body Weight and Lean Body Weight in Pediatric Patients: Impact on Image Quality and Contrast Exposure.

INTRODUCTION: Iodinated contrast dosing in pediatric computed tomography (CT) traditionally relies on total body weight (TBW), which may result in excessive contrast administration, particularly in patients with higher adiposity. Lean body weight (LBW)-based protocols have shown promise in adults but remain underexplored in children. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contrast volume requirements and hepatic enhancement quality among three dosing protocols: LBW-based, TBW-based, and the Control Group (CG), based on the institutional standard for pediatric abdominal CT. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 66 patients (age 0-16 years) undergoing contrast-enhanced abdominal CT between September 2023 and August 2024. Patients were randomly assigned to receive iodinated contrast (iobitridol 350mg I/mL) dosed by: (1) LBW (0.63 g iodine/kg x LBW, calculated using Peters formula; n = 23), (2) TBW (0.46 g iodine/kg x TBW; n = 20), or (3) institutional control protocol (2 mL/kg x TBW, equivalent to 0.7 g iodine/kg; n = 23). Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, Two-way ANOVA, ANCOVA, Scheirer-Ray-Hare, and Cohen's Kappa tests with Likert scale were used. RESULTS: The LBW group received lower median contrast volumes (27 mL; IQR, 10-80 mL) compared to the TBW group (34.5 mL; IQR, 18-78 mL) and the CG group (40 mL; IQR, 13-80 mL), although the differences did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). Notably, this reduction did not compromise hepatic enhancement, which remained comparable to the CG (552 ± 139 HU; P = 0.107). CONCLUSION: Lean body weight may be a useful parameter for estimating contrast dose in pediatric abdominal CT, potentially reducing administered volumes without compromising diagnostic image quality. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: These results provide early evidence that LBW-based dosing may support more individualized contrast administration in pediatric CT, potentially reducing exposure-related risks.

Humans↗