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PubMed2026

Genome-wide characterisation of the myosin light chain gene family in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) and its expression patterns in muscle fibre types and injury response.

The Class II myosin light chain (myl) genes in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) have not yet been systematically characterised, and relationships with muscle fibre specification, development, and injury-associated remodelling remain unclear. In this study, fast and slow muscle fibres were initially distinguished using myofibrillar ATPase histochemistry. Subsequently, genome-wide mining identified 16 Class II myl genes, comprising eight essential and eight regulatory light-chain subunits. Their conserved-domain features, chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships and expression profiles were analysed. Transcriptomic profiling showed that summed myl transcript abundance was higher in fast muscle than in slow muscle, accounting for 67.2% of the pooled myl transcript pool across the two muscle types (paired t-test, raw P = 0.036). mylpfa, myl1 and mylz3 were the major fast-muscle-associated genes, whereas myl10, myl2b and myl13 were preferentially expressed in slow muscle at the transcript level. These patterns support these genes as candidate fibre-type-associated expression markers. Developmental profiling identified stage-associated myl expression patterns, including a possible expression shift between mylpfb and mylpfa. In the descriptive injury-repair time course (d0-d7), FPKM profiles indicated that fast-muscle-associated genes (mylpfa, mylz3 and myl1) were lower at d1 and recovered by d3, whereas several slow-muscle-associated genes showed biphasic transcript-level increases. The slow-muscle-associated RLC gene mylpfb showed a delayed expression peak at d7. Notably, the embryonic isoform myl6l showed a modest increase from approximately 2 FPKM at d0 to 4-5 FPKM after injury, suggesting a possible injury-associated expression pattern that requires further validation. Together, these findings provide a genome-wide description of the Chinese perch myl gene family and identify candidate fibre-type-associated genes and descriptive injury-associated isoform expression patterns.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Safety of insulin eye drops in the treatment of open angle glaucoma: a randomized phase I clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The progression of glaucoma despite adequate intraocular pressure (IOP) control highlights the need for neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies. Preclinical studies suggest insulin promotes retinal ganglion cell survival and regeneration, but its safety in higher concentrations (100 and 500 units/mL), administered topically, has been poorly characterized in humans. We aim to assess the safety and tolerability of these two concentrations of insulin eye drops in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). DESIGN: A phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-centre clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with mild to moderate OAG were randomized 2:2:1 to receive once-daily topical insulin U-100, U-500, or placebo in 1 eye for 5 days, with follow-up visits at 1, 3, and 6 months. The primary safety outcomes include glycemia, serum potassium, ocular adverse events (AEs), and ocular tolerability scores. Secondary outcomes included IOP, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, ganglion cell complex, visual field, and OCT angiography. RESULTS: Eighteen open-angle glaucoma patients were enrolled (mean age: 66.2 ± 10.1 years). No serious AEs related to insulin were observed. One asymptomatic, transient near-hypoglycemia event occurred in a fasting participant (3.9 mmol/L), with no recurrence after dietary adjustment. No significant changes were found in serum potassium, IOP, BCVA, visual fields, or OCT. Ocular symptoms in the insulin groups were limited to transient, mild burning sensation upon application. One participant experienced cystoid macular edema at 3 months, which was attributed to pre-existing ocular pathology. CONCLUSION: Topical insulin at 100 and 500 units/mL concentrations was well tolerated in patients for short-term use and did not result in significant systemic or ocular toxicity.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Integrated miRNA-mRNA profiling reveals candidate regulatory relationships associated with high-fat diet-induced muscle lipid deposition in black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii).

High-fat diets are increasingly used in aquaculture due to their protein-sparing effects; however, the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of fish muscle in response to high-fat diets (HFD) remain unclear. In this study, juvenile black seabream were fed either a normal-fat diet (NFD) or a HFD to investigate the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with diet-induced muscle lipid deposition. Oil Red O staining and biochemical analysis showed that high-fat diet feeding markedly increased lipid droplet accumulation and crude lipid content in muscle, indicating significant induction of muscle lipid deposition. Integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profiling revealed substantial transcriptomic and post-transcriptional responses to high-fat diet challenge. A total of 271 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 120 upregulated and 151 downregulated genes. Through combined target prediction and expression correlation analysis, thirteen candidate inverse miRNA-mRNA relationships were subsequently identified, and RT-qPCR supported the expression patterns of selected miRNAs and mRNAs. These pairs included miR-499-x-dmgdh, miR-499-y-gatm, miR-727-y-ass1, miR-4649-x-foxo4, miR-9129-z-myl7, and several novel miRNA-mediated interactions involving adk, chst11, lypla2, frem2, kcnc4, wars1, bag2, and capn2. Functional analysis suggested that these regulatory pairs were mainly associated with metabolic adaptation, structural remodeling, and cellular stress responses. In particular, gatm, dmgdh, ass1, and adk were associated with energy metabolism-related processes, including pathways previously linked to Ampk regulation, whereas myl7, frem2, and kcnc4 may contribute to muscle structural maintenance and excitability regulation. Overall, this study provides candidate miRNA-mRNA regulatory relationships potentially involved in high-fat diet-induced muscle lipid deposition and adaptive remodeling in black seabream, offering a basis for future functional studies on muscle metabolism and quality regulation in marine fish.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Exploring Primary Care Clinicians' Sexual and Reproductive Health Care Delivery to Male Adolescents and Young Adults.

INTRODUCTION: Despite existing guidance for adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care, male adolescent SRH care receipt is inadequate. Limited research has explored factors affecting clinicians' provision of SRH care to male adolescents, specifically. METHODS: This mixed-method study with 12 primary care clinicians included a brief survey assessing care delivery practices and confidence, followed by an in-depth interview to explore factors affecting SRH care delivery. RESULTS: Clinicians reported high confidence delivering male adolescent SRH care (mean ± SD: 8.31 ± 1.71 out of 10), but delivered only about half the recommended services (20 items out of 38). Factors influencing care delivery included gaps in education/training, assumptions about male SRH care, and behavioral constraints at various levels. DISCUSSION: Findings underscore the need to strengthen male adolescent SRH care by enhancing provider training, increasing clinic-level supports, and addressing structural barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Findings can inform strategies to improve the quality and comprehensiveness of SRH services for male adolescents in primary care settings.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Norgestrel drives mitochondrial collapse and plasma membrane impairment in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) sperm by triggering premature acrosome reaction.

The toxic mechanisms of norgestrel (NGT), an emerging marine pollutant, on the sperm from externally fertilized invertebrates remain elusive. This study employed an integrated physiological and multi-omics framework to elucidate how NGT (10 and 1000 ng/L) disrupts acrosome reaction (AR) signaling machinery, thereby impairing the functional integrity of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, also known as Magallana gigas) sperm. Exposure to NGT triggered a significant, dose-dependent premature AR, characterized by elevated acrosin activity and a loss of acrosomal integrity. Multi-omics integration supports a model in which this premature exocytosis is linked to signaling disturbances, including disruption of calcium signaling and reduced transcript abundance of calmodulin (CaM) and the primary recognition protein zonadhesin (Zan). This signaling interference induced an premature AR, subsequently driving a cascade of bioenergetic and structural failures. At the mitochondrial level, NGT induced abnormal mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening and elevated the transcript levels of antioxidant defense genes (e.g., peroxiredoxin-5, PRDX5). These alterations indicate the occurrence of mitochondrial collapse. Concurrently, scanning electron microscopy verified localized plasma membrane wrinkling and pore formation in sperm. In addition, NGT exposure decreased the transcript abundance of cytoskeleton-related genes, including solute carrier family 26 member 6 (SLC26A6), actin (ACT), and tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 3 (TPPP3). These molecular changes further disrupted membrane phospholipid homeostasis, as represented by altered glycerophospholipid metabolism. At the same time, cumulative cellular stress was associated with decreased transcript abundance of cytoprotective factors (e.g., baculoviral IAP repeat-containing proteins, birc2) and changes in apoptosis-related genes consistent with activation of a caspase-8-mediated apoptotic programme. In conclusion, NGT, as a representative synthetic progestin, exerts reproductive toxicity by interfering with signaling mediators to induce premature AR, which subsequently exhausts metabolic energy and triggers plasma membrane impairment. These findings provide a critical mechanistic basis for the aquatic ecological risk assessment of synthetic progestins.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Effects of apple phenolics on the human metabolome: modulation of key metabolic pathways.

Apples are widely recognized for their potential health benefits, partly attributed to their phenolic compounds. However, their impact on human metabolism remains incompletely understood. This study investigated metabolic effects of apple-derived phenolic compounds using untargeted metabolomics approach across multiple biofluids. In a crossover intervention study, 30 healthy men consumed a phenolic-rich apple juice or a placebo for two weeks. Blood, urine and saliva samples were collected before and after each intervention and analyzed by direct infusion ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Consumption of apple phenolic compounds resulted in significant alterations of the human metabolome, including increased levels of phenolic-derived degradation products and microbial-associated metabolites across all biofluids. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed pronounced effects on phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, as well as linoleic and arachidonic acid metabolism, Overall, these findings demonstrate that apple phenolic compounds induce measurable, microbiota-associated and systemic metabolic changes, providing new insights into their metabolic fate and biological relevance.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Age-related macular degeneration associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist use: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are increasingly prescribed for diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular risk reduction. However, their ocular safety profile, particularly regarding age-related macular degeneration (AMD), remains uncertain. This systematic review evaluates the association between GLP-1 RA use and the incidence or progression of AMD including both nonexudative and neovascular subtypes. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251183938). MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched from inception through 2025 for observational studies and randomized trials evaluating AMD outcomes among adults exposed to GLP-1 RAs. Comparators included nonuse, placebo, or alternative metabolic therapies. Risk of bias was assessed using Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions and certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. Due to heterogeneity of outcome definitions, results were synthesized qualitatively. RESULTS: Eight observational studies encompassing 91 408 to 600 816 participants were included. GLP-1 RA use was associated with a reduced incidence of nonexudative AMD across diabetic and nondiabetic populations, with relative risk reductions varying substantially by population, comparator, and follow-up duration. Findings for neovascular AMD were heterogeneous: most studies reported neutral or protective associations, whereas one population-based cohort of older adults with diabetes observed an increased risk (adjusted hazard ratio 2.21, 95% CI 1.65-2.96), with low absolute event rates. Overall risk of bias was moderate to high, and certainty of evidence for all outcomes was very low. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence does not demonstrate a consistent increase in AMD risk associated with GLP-1 RA therapy and may be associated with a lower incidence of nonexudative AMD, although the certainty of evidence is very low and noncausal explanations cannot be excluded. Prospective studies with standardized endpoints are needed to clarify causal relationships.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparison of Keverprazan-based versus esomeprazole-based dual therapy for initial treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Keverprazan offers a new perspective for Helicobacter pylori eradication. This study compared 14-day keverprazan-amoxicillin therapy with esomeprazole-amoxicillin therapy to explore a superior treatment strategy. METHODS: This was a prospective, open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial in adult patients with treatment-naive H. pylori infection. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 14-day of KA therapy (Keverprazan 20 mg b.i.d plus amoxicillin 1 g t.i.d) or 14-day of EA therapy (Esomeprazole 40 mg b.i.d plus amoxicillin 1 g t.i.d). The primary outcome was the H. pylori eradication rate. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of adverse events and patient adherence. RESULTS: A total of 264 patients were enrolled in the study. In the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, the eradication rates for the 14-day KA group and the 14-day EA group were 87.9% and 80.3%, respectively (p = 0.092); in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analysis, the eradication rates were 92.1% and 86.2%, respectively (p = 0.135); and in the per-protocol (PP) analysis, the eradication rates were 93.5% and 88.3%, respectively (p = 0.155). Non-inferiority was confirmed between the two groups (all p < 0.001). Adverse events and patient adherence were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: For treatment-naive H. pylori infection, the 14-day KA therapy is non-inferior to EA therapy. Given its good tolerability, pharmacogenomic independence, and potent acid suppression, KA is a rational first-line alternative to EA in the Chinese population.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Review of regulatory requirements for benefit-risk assessment for medical devices: uncovering existing methodologies.

INTRODUCTION: A positive benefit-risk profile is a prerequisite for the market approval of medical devices. However, regulations are often criticized for providing limited information on benefit-risk assessment (BRA) despite growing expectations for quantitative methods. A clearer understanding of regulatory requirements, existing methodologies, and unresolved issues is needed. AREAS COVERED: Relevant regulatory documents referencing BRA for medical devices were systematically identified, with a primary focus on the European regulation followed by screening to extract BRA‑related requirements and any explicitly or implicitly described methods. The findings were analyzed and consolidated by BRA context, type, objective, methodological description, and implementation, thereby establishing a basis for the BRA methodological landscape. EXPERT OPINION: BRA is not a single concept, but a set of context‑dependent assessments across lifecycle of a medical device. BRA within clinical evaluation framed into BRAs of risk management holds a pivotal role and is supported by the most detailed methodological guidance, although BRAs in other contexts are important. A structured overview of existing BRA requirements clarifies their treatment across regulatory documents. By differentiating BRA contexts, types, objectives, and required methodological detail, the analysis supports a more transparent understanding of BRA and helps identify priorities for methodological refinement and interface clarification.

Risk Assessment↗

PubMed2026

Cross-species variant-to-function analyses implicate MEIS1 in conferring sleep abnormalities and impaired cerebellar development.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous loci for insomnia, yet functional validation of effector genes remains limited because most risk variants lie in noncoding regions, and the true causal gene is not known. Here, we use prior human cell-based variant-to-gene mapping to nominate six insomnia effector genes and test them in zebrafish, a tractable diurnal vertebrate model well suited for sleep phenotyping. Our CRISPR-based behavioral screening identifies the MEIS1 ortholog, meis1b, as a regulator of sleep maintenance, with crispants displaying impaired nighttime-specific sleep maintenance and increased sleep latency. Comparative chromatin analyses reveal conserved regulatory architecture spanning the human insomnia-associated locus and selectively implicate meis1b, whereas the duplicated ohnolog meis1a was dispensable. Developmental profiling further shows that meis1b is expressed in cerebellar granule progenitors, paralleling human MEIS1 expression, and that its disruption impairs cerebellar development. Together, these findings establish zebrafish as an efficient vertebrate platform for functional interrogation of GWAS candidates and support an evolutionarily conserved cerebellar role for MEIS1 in sleep maintenance.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

[Effect of electroacupuncture combined with suspension exercise therapy on lower limb motor function in elderly patients with post-stroke spastic hemiplegia].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with suspension exercise therapy in elderly patients with post-stroke spastic hemiplegia and its effect on lower limb motor function. METHODS: A total of 120 elderly patients with post-stroke spastic hemiplegia were enrolled. Using a 2×2 factorial design, all the patients were assigned to a group A (conventional treatment), a group B (conventional treatment combined with suspension exercise therapy), a group C (conventional treatment combined with EA at Jiaji [EX-B2] and limb acupoints), and a group D(conventional treatment combined with suspension exercise therapy and EA at Jiaji [EX-B2] and limb acupoints), with 30 patients in each group. The main acupoints were bilateral Jiaji (EX-B2) points at the C2-C7, T2-T12, L1-L5, and S1 segments. The adjunct acupoints included Jianyu (LI15), Binao (LI14), Huantiao (GB30), Chengfu (BL36), etc. on the affected side.Continuous wave was applied at a frequency of 100 Hz with a current intensity of 1.5-3.0 mA, and needles were retained for 30 min, once daily for 4 weeks. Before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, the modified Ashworth scale (MAS),Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), Berg balance scale (BBS), and Barthel index scores were evaluated in the four groups. Root mean square (RMS) values of surface electromyography (sEMG) of the erector spinae and rectus abdominis muscles on the affected side, as well as balance function indexes, including the mean pressure symmetry index (SI), contact area SI, ellipse area, and displacement distances of the center of pressure in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions, were measured. Clinical efficacy was also compared among the four groups. RESULTS: After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, MAS scores in all groups were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), whereas FMA, BBS, and Barthel index scores were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, MAS scores were lower than those after 2 weeks of treatment (P<0.05), whereas FMA, BBS, and Barthel index scores were higher than those after 2 weeks of treatment (P<0.05) in the four groups. At both 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, group D had lower MAS scores (P<0.05) and higher FMA,BBS, and Barthel index scores (P<0.05) than the other three groups. After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, RMS values of sEMG of the erector spinae and rectus abdominis muscles on the affected side at all tested angles were higher than those before treatment in all groups (P<0.05), and the values after 4 weeks of treatment were higher than those after 2 weeks of treatment(P<0.05). At both 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, all these indexes in the group D were higher than those in the other three groups (P<0.05). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, the mean pressure SI, contact area SI and ellipse area of each group were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the mean pressure SI, contact area SI and ellipse area of each group were lower than those after 2 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, the AP displacement distances of groups A, C and D were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), and after 4 weeks of treatment, the AP displacement distances of groups A, C and D were lower than those after 2 weeks of treatment (P<0.05);after 2 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in AP displacement distance in the group B compared with before treatment (P>0.05), and after 4 weeks of treatment, the AP displacement distance of group B was lower than that before treatment (P<0.05). After 2 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in ML displacement distance in group A compared with before treatment (P>0.05); after 4 weeks of treatment, the ML displacement distance of group A was lower than that before treatment (P<0.05). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in ML displacement distance in the group B compared with that before treatment (P>0.05).After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, the ML displacement distances of groups C and D were lower than those before treatment(P<0.05), and after 4 weeks of treatment, the ML displacement distances of groups C and D were lower than those after 2 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). At both 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, mean pressure SI, contact area SI, ellipse area, and AP and ML displacement distances in the group D were lower than those in the other three groups (P<0.05). Factorial analysis of variance showed that EA had the strongest main effect on FMA score (F=6.243, P<0.05), suspension exercise therapy had the strongest main effect on BBS score (F=6.292, P<0.05), and the interaction effect was most significant for MAS score (F=5.941, P<0.05), indicating that the combined therapy produced a greater synergistic effect on reducing muscle tone than on the other outcome measures. The total effective rate in the group D was 93.3% (28/30), which was higher than those in the group A (53.3% [16/30]), group B (56.7% [17/30]), and group C (66.7% [20/30], P<0.05). CONCLUSION: EA combined with suspension exercise therapy could effectively promote the recovery of lower limb function in elderly patients with post-stroke spastic hemiplegia, improve motor and balance functions, and enhance activities of daily living.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Transcriptomic insights into thermal stress reveal physiological trade-off between thermal stress adaptation and reproductive investment in Spodoptera litura.

Spodoptera litura, a highly polyphagous lepidopteran pest, poses a major threat to agricultural productivity due to its remarkable adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. Although heat stress is known to trigger transcriptional reprogramming in insects, the molecular mechanisms underlying thermal stress responses in S. litura remain poorly understood. In the present study, fourth-instar larvae were exposed to acute heat stress (44 °C) and compared with control conditions (27 ± 1 °C) to investigate heat-induced transcriptional alterations affecting physiology and reproduction. High-quality RNA-Seq data achieved more than 80% mapping efficiency, with a total of 15,782 transcripts were identified. Transcriptome analysis of S. litura larvae showed 323 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 262 genes were significantly upregulated and 61 were downregulated in heat-stressed larvae compared to the control group. The DEGs were associated with stress response, reproduction, signalling, proteostasis, detoxification, oxidative stress, metabolism, development, and chromatin regulation. Heat shock proteins genes, including HSP70, HSP90, and HSP27, together with co-chaperones such as TRET-1, STIP1, and Starvin, were strongly upregulated, indicating enhanced cellular protection against protein damage and oxidative stress under heat stress. Conversely, key reproductive and cell cycle-related genes, including BARR, CAPD2, FEO, CDK2 and MORULA, were significantly downregulated, suggesting reproductive impairment and developmental arrest. RT-qPCR validation corroborated the RNA-Seq findings, demonstrating a heat-induced physiological trade-off that prioritizes survival over reproduction. Consistent with these molecular responses, heat-stressed insects exhibited marked reproductive impairment, including significant reductions in gonadosomatic index, eupyrene sperm bundle count, mating frequency, mating success, female calling behaviour, copulation duration, fecundity, and egg fertility. Collectively, these findings provide comprehensive insights into the molecular basis of thermal adaptation in S. litura and demonstrate that acute heat stress compromises reproductive fitness while activating conserved stress-response pathways that promote short-term survival.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Effects of acute hypoxia followed by reoxygenation on intestinal histomorphology, oxidative stress and hypoxia signaling biomarkers, and microbiota in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca).

In aquatic environments, natural and anthropogenic factors commonly reduce dissolved oxygen (DO) and trigger hypoxia, which threatens the health and survival of aquatic organisms. As an important economic fish species in China, pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) is extremely sensitive to hypoxia. However, there are relatively few reports on how hypoxia and reoxygenation affect its intestinal physiology and microbial community. Three treatment groups were set for pikeperch: normoxia (DO = 8.5 ± 0.5 mg/L), 48 h hypoxia (DO = 2.5 ± 0.1 mg/L), and reoxygenation (48 h hypoxia followed by 6 h reoxygenation at normal DO), to evaluate alterations in intestinal histopathology, tight junction gene expression, oxidative stress, hypoxia signaling molecules and intestinal microbiota composition. The results showed that hypoxia significantly decreased muscularis thickness by approximately 32.5% and reduced the expression of tight junction genes (Occludin, Claudin2, and ZO-2). Moreover, hypoxia significantly increased oxidative stress index levels (GSH-Px, CAT, and MDA), markedly upregulated the expression of Bax, Caspase3, and HIF-1α, while significantly downregulating the expression of Bcl-2, Egln1, and Egln2. Notably, reoxygenation elicited partial compensatory effects against these hypoxia-induced changes. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that hypoxic stress altered the intestinal microbial community composition of pikeperch and increased its diversity. In the hypoxia group, the abundance of the phylum Bacillota, along with the genera Halomonas and Acinetobacter, was significantly elevated, whereas in the reoxygenation group, the genus Lactobacillus increased approximately 180-fold. The results indicated that hypoxia caused intestinal oxidative damage, cell apoptosis, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in pikeperch, while short-term reoxygenation achieved partial recovery from these hypoxia-triggered intestinal injuries. The present research provides valuable references for in-depth exploration of the molecular mechanisms behind the response of pikeperch to acute hypoxia and reoxygenation stress, while also offering a novel perspective to understand the mechanism by which hypoxia impacts intestinal health in fish.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Simultaneous Administration of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine With Other Recommended Vaccines Among Adolescents Aged 13-17 years, National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen), United States, 2023.

PURPOSE: To investigate the percent of adolescents who receive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine with one or more other vaccines recommended for adolescents in a single medical visit. METHODS: Data from the 2023 National Immunization Survey-Teen were analyzed. Timing of receipt of HPV vaccine, tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap), quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY), and influenza vaccine was assessed using provider-reported vaccination histories. RESULTS: In 2023, among adolescents aged 13-17 years, 69.5% received HPV vaccine with one or more other vaccines recommended for adolescents in a single medical visit. In addition, 47.8% received specifically HPV vaccine, Tdap, and MenACWY together in a single medical visit. DISCUSSION: The HPV vaccine is commonly given with other vaccines recommended for adolescents in a single medical visit. These findings demonstrate variation in simultaneous vaccination patterns, suggesting that flexibility in the recommended adolescent vaccination schedule allows for different approaches to vaccination across clinical settings and family preferences while maintaining adherence to the recommended schedule.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Transcriptomic responses of gill and intestinal tissues in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to bacterial infection following sequential nanoimmersion and hydrogel-based multivalent vaccination.

Bacterial pathogens, including Flavobacterium oreochromis, Aeromonas veronii, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Edwardsiella tarda, represent major infectious threats to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A multivalent vaccination strategy integrating cationic nanoemulsion immersion with oral hydrogel boosters was developed to investigate tissue-specific immune responses at the transcriptomic level. Gill tissues were collected following immersion challenge and intestinal tissues following intraperitoneal injection challenge, reflecting the physiologically relevant infection biology of each pathogen and the mechanistic rationale of each delivery platform. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) generated high-quality datasets (mapping rate > 81.64%) with strong concordance to quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation (r = 0.83). Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed distinct yet complementary immune signatures between tissues. Gill transcriptomes were enriched in phagosome, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction (ECM-receptor interaction), and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways, accompanied by increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class I/II (MHC class I/II), mannose receptor, αVβ3 integrin, and calnexin, indicating innate activation, enhanced phagocytic capacity, epithelial barrier reinforcement, and adaptive immune coordination. Intestinal transcriptomes showed predominant enrichment of adaptive immune pathways, including the intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin (Ig) production, Forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, with increased expression of T-cell receptor (TCR), inducible T-cell co-stimulator ligand (ICOS-L), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), reflecting T and B cell coordination, lymphocyte trafficking, and mucosal immunoglobulin transport, alongside innate engagement through phagosome pathway enrichment. Shared upregulation of MHC class II, B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, integrin alpha M (ITGAM), and immunoglobulin-associated components across both tissues suggests coordinated mucosal immune activation through a conserved immune module, warranting direct experimental validation. Collectively, these findings provide transcriptomic evidence that this vaccination strategy elicits an integrated, tissue-specialized immune response, advancing mechanistic understanding of gill and intestinal immunity in vaccine-induced protection of teleost fish.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Bedtime tetrahydrocannabinol ingestion reduces morning orthostatic cardiovascular reactivity in adults: An exploratory study.

Acute cannabis use and its primary psychoactive constituent tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) can induce postural dizziness, indicating increased risk of orthostatic instability. However, it is unknown if vulnerabilities persist the morning after bedtime THC consumption. This study investigated the influence of bedtime THC consumption on cardiovascular variables during an orthostatic challenge. Nine individuals with no cannabis use and eight individuals who regularly use cannabis participated in a tilt table test associated with a 3-day in-laboratory stay. Participants underwent an acclimatization day, followed by a placebo dosing day, and a 10 mg THC dosing day. Placebo and THC pills were given 1 h before a participant's habitual bedtime, and the tilt table test was performed ~1 h upon awakening. Participants were instrumented with an electrocardiogram and an automated sphygmomanometer. Fluid intake and output were measured throughout the study. The morning after THC administration, individuals with no cannabis use reported a higher frequency of dizziness and exhibited a significant reduction in both diastolic blood pressure and heart rate reactivity to tilt (reactivity = tilt - baseline) compared to the morning after placebo. Our results indicate a potential increased risk for orthostatic instability the morning after cannabis consumption in individuals with no cannabis use history.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparative assessment of post-transport disease susceptibility in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer): Associations with oxidative stress, immune responses, gut microbiota, and tissue pathology.

Stress is a crucial factor that affects aquaculture systems, particularly during transportation, which often leads to deteriorated fish health and reduced survival rates. This study aimed to investigate the comparative differences in physiological changes, oxidative stress parameters, and immune responses between clinically healthy and diseased Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) following commercial transportation. The study compared the health status of fish after transportation, categorized into healthy (Healthy) and diseased (Disease) groups. Assessments were conducted on oxidative stress parameters, immune responses, gut microbiota composition, and tissue pathology. The results showed that diseased fish exhibited significantly higher oxidative stress levels (P < 0.05), as indicated by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and altered antioxidant and redox-related markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), measured across multiple target tissues (head kidney, gills, liver, intestine, and brain), compared with healthy fish. Furthermore, the expression of immune-related genes was significantly downregulated in diseased fish after transportation, indicating immune suppression. In contrast, healthy fish maintained a more balanced immune response, which may partially mitigate the adverse effects of transport-induced stress. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that diseased fish had a significant reduction in beneficial bacteria such as Cetobacterium somerae and Bacillus spp., accompanied by a significant (P < 0.05) increase in opportunistic pathogens including Aeromonas spp., Photobacterium spp., and Vibrio spp. Histopathological examination showed severe damage in the gills, liver, and intestines of diseased fish (P < 0.05), while only minor tissue alterations were observed in healthy fish. Overall, the findings indicate that post-transport diseased Asian seabass exhibit marked oxidative stress, impaired antioxidant defense, altered immune responses, gut microbial dysbiosis, and multi-organ tissue damage compared with clinically healthy post-transport fish. These results suggest that deterioration of transport conditions may contribute to post-transport morbidity and disease susceptibility.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Pharmacogenomic and drug interactions risk in cardio-oncology: A precision medicine perspective for India.

Cardio-oncology patients may face complex treatment regimens due to the concurrent existence of cancer and cardiovascular disease, leading to a considerable polypharmacy burden. This significantly increases the prospect of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and gene-drug interactions. The majority of these interactions arise from comparable pharmacokinetic and pharmacological pathways associated with drug transporters and cytochrome P450 enzymes. The significance of pharmacogenomics in tailored treatment strategies are emphasised by the fact that genetic variability enhances individual differences in drug response, safety, and efficacy. This narrative review focus on the effects of key genetic polymorphisms (e.g., DPYD, CYP2C19, and CYP2C9) on the metabolism and efficacy of commonly prescribed anticancer and cardiovascular medications such as fluoropyrimidines, clopidogrel, and warfarin. In addition it explore the role of pharmacogenomic variants on drug-drug interactions within the field of cardio-oncology. The study ultimately emphasizes the necessity of precision medicine in India to address the genetic diversity and underrepresentation in global genomic databases. The absence of pharmacogenomic testing, infrastructural deficiencies, financial constraints, and insufficient clinical integration hinder the widespread use of this technology in India. The Genome India Project and other national initiatives establish the foundation for pharmacogenomic-guided therapy. Utilizing genetic data, together with artificial intelligence-based predictive tools, for clinical decision-making may enhance medication safety and yield optimal outcomes in Indian cardio-oncology patients.

Humans↗

Results for “D&#xe9;partement d&#x2019;outre-mer”

Results for “Département d’outre-mer”