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PubMed2026

Modulation of heart rate and heart rate variability during animal-assisted treatment of patients in a minimally conscious state: A randomized controlled crossover study.

BACKGROUND: Animal-assisted treatment (AATx) is a promising and increasingly used approach in neurorehabilitation, yet its psychophysiological effects remain largely unexplored. Patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS) show severely altered consciousness with minimal but definite behavioral signs of awareness. Because behavioral assessment in this population is limited, psychophysiological measures such as heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) may offer valuable insights into autonomic regulation during therapy. AIM: The present study investigated whether AATx influences HR and HRV compared to treatment as usual (TAU). METHODS: A randomized controlled crossover design with repeated measures was conducted. HR and HRV data were recorded using an Empatica E4 wristband, and linear mixed-effects models were fitted for each outcome variable. The analytic sample included twenty-one patients with MCS who completed at least one of the four sessions. RESULTS: We found a significant decrease in mean HR (estimate = -12.75, p = .041) and a significant increase in the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) (estimate = 15.76, p = .020) during AATx compared to TAU from the pretreatment to the posttreatment phase, indicating enhanced parasympathetic activation and greater autonomic flexibility. Other HRV parameters revealed no significant effects of AATx, though trends were consistent with the hypotheses. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide preliminary physiological evidence that AATx can modulate autonomic activity in MCS patients. Despite limitations related to sample size and recording quality, the results highlight the potential of AATx as an emotionally engaging intervention in early neurorehabilitation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Identification Matters: How Data Sharing Affects Pupil Honesty and Engagement in Universal School Well-Being Assessments.

PURPOSE: Universal well-being assessments in schools may support early identification of pupils needing mental health support. However, little is known about how privacy and confidentiality concerns influence pupils' acceptability of assessments and willingness to engage authentically. This study examined how hypothetical identification, where responses are linked to pupils and shared with key stakeholders, affects pupils' anticipated honesty and engagement, and whether known help-seeking barriers predict negative responses. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected from 12,377 primary (ages 8-10) and secondary pupils (ages 11-17) across 55 schools in England. Pupils reported whether their responses would change if identifiable and shared with school staff, parents/guardians, or external professionals. Responses indicating reduced honesty or likelihood of disengagement were coded as negative. Predictors were examined using mixed-effects logistic regression models, including demographics, school connectedness, and mental well-being. RESULTS: Identification and data sharing influenced pupils' anticipated engagement, particularly in secondary schools. Identification by school staff elicited the highest proportion of negative responses in both phases, whereas external professionals elicited the fewest. Most primary pupils reported they would respond authentically, while a larger proportion of secondary pupils indicated they would respond less honestly or disengage when responses were identifiable and shared. Across primary and secondary samples, low well-being, low school connectedness, and being female were associated with greater likelihood of negative response. DISCUSSION: Pupils' anticipated engagement with well-being assessments is shaped by who accesses their data, with marked developmental differences. Strengthening trust, privacy, and connectedness, and supporting pupils' autonomy, may improve the acceptability and response accuracy.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Dual-tasking reveals severity-dependent reorganization of cortical beta energy landscapes in Parkinson's disease.

Dual-task impairment is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the large-scale neural mechanisms underlying postural-motor interference remain poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear how cortical network dynamics reorganize across disease severity when postural control competes with concurrent task demands. This study investigated EEG-derived beta-band cortical energy landscapes in healthy older adults, early-stage PD, and mid-stage PD during single- and dual-task conditions. Dual-task behavioral cost increased with disease severity for concurrent manual performance (p < 0.001), whereas a quadratic pattern was observed for postural performance. Energy landscape analysis revealed severity-dependent reconfiguration of cortical beta dynamics. Dual-task-related landscape changes in effective network flexibility (ΔNeff), landscape geometry (ΔEvar and ΔGmag), and dominant low-energy attractor organization (ΔLow mass and ΔLow area) showed significant monotonic trends (p < 0.05), reflecting progressive constrained cortical network dynamics with advancing PD severity. In addition, dual-task-related landscape alterations were associated with clinical severity, as indexed by Hoehn and Yahr stage (|r| = 0.353-0.423, p = 0.016-0.048), and showed associations with motor impairment, as measured by MDS-UPDRS part III scores (|r| = 0.333-0.455, p = 0.009-0.063). These findings demonstrate that dual-task demands induce severity-dependent reconfiguration of cortical beta energy landscapes in PD. Energy landscape geometry may capture systems-level neural constraints associated with dual-task susceptibility in PD, providing a physiologically grounded framework to characterize disease-related functional vulnerability.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Antagonistic regulation by mango MiSPL9a and MiSPL9b regulates flowering time, drought and salt stress in Arabidopsis.

SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factors, which are unique to plants, contain a highly conserved SBP domain that regulates gene expression by binding to downstream targets. They play critical roles in various biological processes, especially in the regulation of flowering in plants. In this study, two SPL-like genes (MiSPL9a and MiSPL9b) were identified from mango genomic and transcriptomic data, and their sequence, expression and function were further analyzed. Sequence analysis revealed that MiSPL9a and MiSPL9b have open reading frames of 1173 bp and 1158 bp, respectively, with slight differences in the number of cis-regulatory elements within their promoter regions. Expression analysis under stress conditions revealed distinct patterns: MiSPL9a expression significantly differed under drought stress but did not significantly differ under salt stress, whereas MiSPL9b expression responded significantly to salt stress but changed minimally under drought stress. Phenotypic analysis of the transgenic Arabidopsis lines revealed that MiSPL9a overexpression delayed flowering, whereas MiSPL9b overexpression promoted early flowering. Under stress conditions, compared with wild-type plants, MiSPL9a-overexpressing plants presented increased drought tolerance but did not significantly differ. In contrast, MiSPL9b-overexpressing plants were sensitive to salt stress, with no notable phenotypic differences observed under drought conditions. Physiological assays revealed that under drought stress, MiSPL9a transgenic plants presented significantly reduced levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and increased proline (Pro) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Under salt stress, MiSPL9b transgenic plants presented opposite trends in terms of these physiological markers. In summary, both MiSPL9a and MiSPL9b are involved in the regulation of plant flowering time and stress responses, but their functions differ.

Arabidopsis↗

PubMed2026

Foot exercise plus education versus brief advice for the treatment of plantar heel pain (FEET Trial): a feasibility randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Despite foot muscle strengthening being a target of exercise interventions for plantar heel pain (PHP) no study has measured foot muscle outcomes, and existing research is limited by a lack of control (no treatment) comparisons. OBJECTIVES: To determine the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial and investigate the acceptability and credibility of comprehensive progressive foot exercise and education compared to brief advice for PHP. DESIGN: Randomised parallel group feasibility trial. METHOD: People with PHP were randomised (1:1 concealed allocation) to receive either foot exercise plus education or brief advice for twelve weeks. Primary outcomes included willingness to enrol, recruitment rate, adherence, logbook completion, dropout rate, early withdrawal reasons, adverse events, additional treatments sought, and credibility/expectancy. RESULTS: Twenty people with PHP (16 women; age 50 ± 9 years; body mass index = 30.7 ± 4.6 kg/m2) were recruited over 15 weeks (1.3 participants per week). Primary outcomes were willingness to enrol (80%), adherence (physiotherapy sessions attended: foot exercise plus education 85%, brief advice 100%; home exercise program: 62% daily sessions completed, 72% thrice weekly sessions completed), logbook completion (foot exercise plus education 75%, brief advice 90%), dropout rate (15%), and additional treatments sought (69%). There were no intervention-related adverse events, and credibility scores were higher for foot exercise plus education. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms feasibility and acceptability of a protocol comparing foot exercise plus education with brief advice in individuals with PHP, generating key insights to inform future trial design.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Tranexamic acid protects human dermal fibroblasts from D-galactose-induced senescence via the GPR30/MAPK pathway.

BACKGROUND: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is widely used for pigmentary disorders, but its anti-ageing potential remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate whether topical 3% TXA improves early periorbital wrinkles in women with facial melasma and to investigate whether TXA protects human dermal fibroblasts from D-galactose-induced senescence via the GPR30/MAPK pathway. METHODS: Fifty women with melasma were randomized to 3% TXA serum plus moisturizer or moisturizer alone for 8 weeks, with follow-up to week 12. Periorbital wrinkles were graded using a modified Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale (MFWS). Separately, D-gal-induced senescence in HDFs was assessed via viability, SA-β-gal activity, senescence markers, ROS, antioxidant enzymes, SASP/ECM gene expression, and MAPK activation. GPR30 involvement was examined using antagonist G15, shRNA knockdown, and molecular docking. RESULTS: Topical TXA produced significantly greater MFWS reductions versus moisturizer alone at weeks 4, 8, and 12, with benefit persisting post-treatment. In HDFs, TXA preserved viability, reduced SA-β-gal positivity, attenuated p21/p16, restored Lamin B1, decreased ROS, and rescued antioxidant activities. TXA downregulated IL-6, IL-8, MMP1, and MMP3, and suppressed D-gal-induced ERK, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation. These effects were weakened by G15 or GPR30 knockdown; docking supported a stable TXA-GPR30 interaction. CONCLUSIONS: TXA showed clinical anti-wrinkle activity in melasma patients and protected HDFs from D-gal-induced senescence, partly via GPR30-dependent modulation of oxidative stress, SASP/ECM expression, and MAPK signalling. TXA is a promising candidate for skin ageing intervention.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Integrative machine learning and transcriptomic analysis reveals molecular mechanisms underlying low survival rate in larval Chinese Bahaba (Bahaba taipingensis).

Chinese Bahaba (Bahaba taipingensis) is a Class I protected marine fish endemic to China. Low larvae survival during artificial breeding severely hinder population recovery. To investigate the molecular mechanism of high mortality in larval fish, this study performed RNA-seq on liver from naturally deceased (ND) and mass-dead (MD) individuals, combined with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and random forest (RF) algorithms to screen for core signature genes. A total of 873 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 112 upregulated and 761 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed significant enrichment in amino acid metabolism disorders, one‑carbon folate pool impairment, PPAR signaling abnormalities, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion pathway, indicating widespread metabolic suppression accompanied by extracellular matrix remodeling and signaling disturbances in the livers of MD fish. MAD pre-filtering combined with dual machine learning algorithms yielded 18 robust core signature genes, among which SLC38A4, MMP1, FADD, FKBP5, and APOB were consistently identified as high-frequency core genes by both algorithms. SLC38A4 exhibited the highest importance score in the RF model and was significantly downregulated, making it the primary molecule distinguishing ND from MD phenotypes. ROC curve analysis showed that both models achieved an AUC of 1.000 (95% CI lower bound: 0.610), confirming the precise discriminatory ability of the core genes. GSEA further demonstrated significant enrichment of this core gene set in ND samples. This study provides the first systematic elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying liver dysfunction in low survival rate B. taipingensis, characterized by amino acid transport impairment, metabolic reprogramming, and structural remodeling, offering theoretical foundations for health assessment, early mortality risk warning, and artificial breeding conservation of this species.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism in major depressive disorder with childhood trauma: a randomized controlled trial.

Childhood trauma (CT) is a key risk factor for major depressive disorder (MDD) onset and persistence. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation may underlie this link, and preclinical studies suggest glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonism can reverse early life stress effects. This study tested whether the GR antagonist mifepristone reduces depressive symptoms in adults with MDD and CT. The RESET-medication study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating a 7-day course of mifepristone (1200 mg/day) or placebo in 158 adults with MDD and CT, assessed at baseline, 1 week, 6 weeks (primary endpoint), 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcome was depressive symptom severity (IDS-SR) at week 6; secondary outcomes included symptom severity at other timepoints, clinical response, remission, anxiety, sleep, stress, disability, and salivary cortisol. At week 6, depressive symptoms declined in both groups, with no significant difference between mifepristone and placebo (b=-0.25, d=-0.03, 95% CI [-0.42, 0.36], pnom=0.887), and no group differences were found for secondary outcomes. Morning and evening cortisol were significantly higher with mifepristone at week 1, consistent with GR antagonism, but not at week 6. Adverse events were more frequent with mifepristone; mild and severe events occurred significantly more often, while the proportion reporting at least one adverse event was numerically higher but not statistically significant (93.6%vs. 82.5%, χ²(1)=3.60, p=0.058). Mifepristone produced the expected endocrine response but did not lead to clinical improvements in individuals with MDD and CT compared to placebo.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Structured Visualization for Laparoscopic Skill Acquisition:A Randomized Controlled Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether structured visualization can support acquisition of basic laparoscopic skills during simulation training and whether this approach can achieve outcomes comparable to repeated physical practice. DESIGN: Prospective randomized comparative study. SETTING: Simulation-based laparoscopic skills training at a university-affiliated teaching center. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty laparoscopy-naive medical students were randomly assigned to a laparoscopic practice group or a visualization group. The laparoscopic practice group performed a validated Gynecological Endoscopic Surgical Education and Assessment (GESEA) Laparoscopic Skills Training and Testing (LASTT) hand-eye coordination task 7 consecutive times. The visualization group performed the same task physically on attempts 1, 4, and 7, while attempts 2, 3, 5, and 6 consisted of guided visualization. Each attempt lasted up to 2 minutes, and performance was scored as the number of correctly placed rings (range 0-12). RESULTS: Baseline performance was comparable between groups (2.92 ± 2.14 vs 2.88 ± 1.72; p = 0.94). Both groups improved significantly over time (p < 0.001). No statistically significant between-group differences were found on the 4th attempt (6.52 ± 3.25 vs 5.76 ± 2.57; p = 0.48) or 7th attempt (8.24 ± 2.86 vs 7.44 ± 2.99; p = 0.39). The final physical performance of the visualization group was significantly better than the 3rd physical attempt of the laparoscopic practice group (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Structured visualization may support early laparoscopic skill acquisition and achieve short-term outcomes comparable to repeated hands-on simulator training. Visualization should be considered an adjunct, rather than a replacement, for physical practice in simulation-based laparoscopic education.

Laparoscopy↗

PubMed2026

CoLchicine for Treatment of OsteoArthritis of the Knee (CLOAK): Clinical and biochemical outcomes from a three-month double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) causes pain and progressive disability, but pharmacologic treatments are limited. Colchicine inhibits inflammation that might modulate KOA, but efficacy trials have yielded mixed results. We tested whether colchicine, without concurrent NSAIDs, improved KOA pain, function, synovial effusion size, and OA-associated inflammatory serum biomarkers. METHODS: Participants with symptomatic KOA and radiographic Kellgren-Lawrence grades 2/3 were randomized to receive three months of daily colchicine or placebo in a double-blind manner, with no concurrent NSAID use. The primary outcome was between-group change in visual analog score (VAS) for index knee pain. Secondary outcomes included changes in Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS), size (depth in millimeters) of sonographically-identified effusions, acetaminophen use, and changes in OA-related serum biomarkers. RESULTS: From baseline to end of study of 120 enrolled participants, no significant differences were observed in improvement of VAS pain, KOOS scores or effusion size. Subsets of participants with more severe VAS pain, worse radiographic disease, or higher hsCRP or serum urate levels at baseline also showed no significant clinical benefit from colchicine compared to placebo. In contrast to the clinical outcomes, colchicine treatment was associated with significant or trending improvement in multiple OA-related serum biomarkers including hsCRP and β-NGF (p < 0.05) and PGE2, IL-1ra, IL-8, and VEGF (p < 0.16). CONCLUSION: This double-blind placebo-controlled trial of colchicine for KOA failed to demonstrate improvement in pain, function, or synovial effusion size in comparison to placebo at three months. Early improvement in OA-associated inflammatory biomarkers suggests a possible longer-term clinical benefit. Clinical Trials Registration No NCT03913442.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Prognostic Value of Frailty in Aortic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Frailty Assessment Tools.

BACKGROUND: Frailty is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of outcomes after aortic vascular surgery, but assessment methods vary substantially and the optimal tool for risk stratification remains uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the prognostic value of preoperative frailty and compared the predictive performance of different frailty instruments in aortic surgery. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 27, 2026. Eligible studies included patients undergoing open, endovascular, or hybrid aortic procedures involving abdominal, thoracic, thoracoabdominal, arch, and proximal aortic diseases, including aneurysms and dissections, assessed frailty preoperatively, and reported postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty studies comprising 419,459 patients were included. Frailty was associated with higher early mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.54-3.14) and late mortality (hazard ratio 2.18; 95% CI 1.64-2.90). Frail patients also had increased risks of major complications (OR 2.52; 95% CI 1.22-5.19), acute kidney injury (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.34-2.02), and nonhome discharge (OR 5.50; 95% CI 3.05-9.92). Associations were consistent across surgical approaches and aortic segments. Judgment-based or phenotype-like tools yielded higher effect estimates than deficit-accumulation indices, although differences were not statistically significant; among index-based tools, Modified Frailty Index (mFI)-11 outperformed mFI-5. CONCLUSION: Preoperative frailty strongly predicts mortality, morbidity, and loss of functional independence after open, endovascular, and hybrid aortic surgery across different aortic segments and pathologies, including aneurysmal and dissecting aortic disease. Routine frailty assessment may improve risk stratification and perioperative decision-making.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Prenatal exposure to indoor PM2.5 and children's cognitive performance at 4 years of age: an observational analysis from the UGAAR randomized controlled trial.

Outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations during pregnancy are linked to reduced cognitive performance in children. We previously reported that portable HEPA filter air cleaners use during pregnancy improved children's mean full-scale IQ (FSIQ), but no previous studies have evaluated the relationship between indoor PM2.5 during pregnancy and FSIQ in childhood. We conducted an observational analysis using data from the Ulaanbaatar Gestation and Air Pollution Research (UGAAR) randomized controlled trial. Using a previously developed model of weekly indoor PM2.5 concentrations, we estimated the average concentrations in participants' homes over the full pregnancy and in each trimester. When the children were four years old, we measured FSIQ using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-IV). We used multiple linear regression to assess the adjusted relationships between interquartile range (IQR) contrasts in indoor PM2.5 during pregnancy and FSIQ among 475 mother-child dyads. An 8.8 μg/m3 increase in indoor PM2.5 concentration over the full pregnancy was associated with a reduction of 1.4 points (95% CI: -3.4, 0.6) in mean FSIQ. The strongest association between PM2.5 concentrations and FSIQ was in the first trimester, when a 19.1 μg/m3 contrast was associated with a 2.8-point reduction (95% CI: -5.7, 0.2) in mean FSIQ. Indoor PM2.5, particularly during early pregnancy, may impair brain development, leading to lower mean FSIQ scores in four-year old children. These results, combined with our previous analysis of HEPA filter air cleaners, indicate that reducing PM2.5 exposure during pregnancy has beneficial effects on children's cognitive performance.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Cerebellar iTBS enhances gait adaptation by modulating cortical sensorimotor network dynamics: a randomized controlled trial.

Gait adaptation enables individuals to maintain locomotor stability under persistent perturbations. Although the cerebellum is critical for sensory prediction error-based (SPE) adaptation, how cerebellar neuromodulation reshapes cortical sensorimotor networks to enhance gait adaptation remains unclear. This study investigated the behavioral effects and underlying cortical neurodynamic mechanisms of cerebellar intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on gait adaptation. Thirty-two healthy adults received either active or sham cerebellar iTBS. Participants performed a split-belt treadmill adaptation task before and after intervention. Cortical responsiveness was evaluated using TMS-evoked EEG over primary motor cortex (M1), while resting-state EEG was analyzed to assess spectral power and directional functional connectivity. Compared to sham, cerebellar iTBS significantly enhanced gait adaptation, evidenced by a faster adaptation rate (p = 0.035) and enhanced Early Adaptation SLS (p = 0.011), without altering initial perturbation responses or post-adaptation outcomes. The iTBS increased TMS-evoked α (p = 0.031) and γ (p = 0.022) power in M1, while the α power was correlated with faster adaptation (r = 0.526, p = 0.002). Furthermore, iTBS strengthened PPC-to-M1 directed connectivity in the β (p = 0.025) and γ (p = 0.013) bands. Enhanced parieto-motor directionality were positively associated with adaptation rate (β: r = 0.515, p = 0.003; γ: r = 0.463, p = 0.009). These findings suggest that cerebellar iTBS facilitates gait adaptation by modulating cortical responsiveness and directional sensorimotor network connectivity, providing multi-level neurodynamic evidence for the cerebello-cortical modulation during gait adaptation and offering a strong physiological rationale for targeted neuromodulation in gait rehabilitation strategies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The Potential Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Clinical Trials.

Despite currently available treatment options for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), some patients fail to achieve adequate disease control. Emerging evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may represent a promising therapeutic option. This systematic review and meta-analysis included four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one non-randomized clinical trial. Eligible studies evaluated patients with moderate-to-severe AD treated with MSCs derived from human umbilical cord blood, autologous adipose tissue, and allogeneic bone marrow. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched from inception to December 2025. Primary outcomes included the proportion of patients achieving ≥50% and ≥75% improvement from baseline in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and safety outcomes. The meta-analysis included 236 participants. The pooled EASI-50 response rate at week 12 was 46.76% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.36% to 61.72%). EASI-75 response rates were 17.41% (95% CI: 5.56% to 43.03%) at week 12 and 23.97% (95% CI: 16.48% to 33.50%) at week 16. The pooled incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was 26.86% (95% CI: 19.56% to 35.68%), with infections and infestations 7.97% (95% CI: 4.11% to 14.88%) and gastrointestinal disorders 3.52% (95% CI: 1.33% to 9.01%) being the most frequently reported. MSC-based therapy shows early promise as a potential treatment for moderate-to-severe AD, offering a possible alternative to traditional therapies. However, the current evidence is largely based on small clinical trials, underscoring the necessity for large-scale RCTs to establish the efficacy and safety of MSC-based therapy in broader patient populations.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Transcriptomics reveals species-specific adaptive strategies to calorie restriction in two Argopecten scallops with distinct lifespans.

Calorie restriction (CR) is a well-established non-genetic intervention for lifespan extension in multiple model organisms. Seasonal food shortage in cold and temperate seas may mimic CR, inducing in bivalves a response similar to that in vertebrates and thereby prolonging life expectancy. However, the relationship and the mechanism underlying the food availability and lifespan in bivalves remain largely unexplored. Two closely related scallop species the short-lived warm-water Argopecten irradians (lifespan <2 years) and the longer-lived cold-water Argopecten purpuratus (7-10 years) provide an ideal comparative system to investigate species-specific adaptive strategies. In this study, we subjected both species to CR for 30 and 56 days and performed comparative transcriptomic profiling, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and physiological assays to elucidate their distinct molecular responses. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that A. purpuratus exhibited substantially more DEGs than A. irradians at both time points under CR, with both species showing downregulation of metabolic pathways but to different extents. A. irradians mounted an early nutrient-sensing response at 30 days (IGF1R, PIK3R3, INSR suppression), indicating acute sensitivity to limitation; by contrast, A. purpuratus displayed delayed FoxO activation at 56 days, along with its downstream effectors NFKBIA, CREB3L4, and SMAD4, suggesting a gradual adaptive program may link to its extended lifespan. WGCNA identified three negatively correlated modules in each species, with coral2 being the most prominent in A. irradians and darkolivegreen in A. purpuratus. The former was dominated by ciliary motility genes, whereas the latter featured coordinated repression of oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, both species exhibited conserved suppression of mTOR/S6K growth signaling and activation of cellular maintenance programs. Collectively, these findings expand the understanding of CR-mediated longevity regulation in bivalves and provide candidate gene resources for future functional studies and breeding programs.

Pectinidae↗

PubMed2026

Dissemination of blaKPC-3-harbouring Klebsiella pneumoniae across ST48 and ST628 in multiple healthcare facilities in the Republic of Korea.

Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-3 (KPC-3) remains rare in South Korea, where KPC-2 is the dominant carbapenemase, making the repeated detection of a concentrated blaKPC-3 signal over five years notable. We performed genomic analyses of blaKPC-3-harbouring K. pneumoniae from a regional healthcare network. Two chromosomally distinct lineages with concordant capsule loci (ST628/KL15 and ST48/KL62) presented multidrug-resistant phenotypes, and the virulence-associated loci were confined to ST48. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses revealed near-clonal relatedness within lineages, with 0-38 pairwise SNPs among ST628 isolates and 8 SNPs between the two ST48 isolates. Core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) supported this structure, as ST628 isolates were assigned to complex type 19149 with 0-7 allelic differences, and ST48 isolates were assigned to complex type 19150 with 5 allelic differences. These patterns support vertical spread via clonal expansion across multiple facilities. Despite substantial chromosomal separation, most isolates carried the same IncFII(K) plasmid backbone and blaKPC-3, and they were nearly indistinguishable from a plasmid previously reported in South Korea. One isolate carried blaKPC-3 on a distinct multireplicon IncFIB(K)/IncFII(K) plasmid, indicating that the signal was not confined to a single plasmid backbone. In both plasmids, blaKPC-3 was embedded within Tn4401b. These findings indicate that a rare blaKPC-3 genotype can persist regionally through sustained clonal dissemination and that cross-lineage linkage is compatible with past horizontal transfer involving a conserved plasmid. These findings underscore the need for subtype-resolved, regionally coordinated genomic surveillance in connected healthcare networks to detect uncommon carbapenemase variants early.

Klebsiella pneumoniae↗

PubMed2026

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in substance use disorders is safe and tolerable: A Systematic review of 141 clinical trials including 4299 participants.

BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation intervention investigated as a treatment for substance use disorder (SUD) and its co-occurring disorders. As the number of rTMS SUD clinical trials increase, the safety and tolerability profile should be assessed. In this systematic review, we investigate adverse events (AEs) of rTMS in individuals with SUD and factors that may influence their occurrence. METHODS: We performed a systematic PubMed search to identify all controlled trials of rTMS in SUD published up to January 2025. Eligible studies were assessed, and safety information was extracted for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 141 clinical trials with 4299 participants were included in their active arms. rTMS trials recruited participants who were engaged in active substance use, were in the pre-treatment phase, in early recovery, or in sustained recovery. Twenty-two studies explicitly reported no AEs. Sixty-nine studies reported only mild AEs, while only six studies reported moderate AEs. Thirty-five studies did not report safety-outcomes/AEs. As expected, participants reported mild and temporary AEs such as headaches, pain or discomfort under the coil, or dizziness. Only nine studies reported serious AEs (7 studies in active TMS and 2 in sham TMS). Importantly, no seizures attributable to active rTMS were reported in these SUD samples. CONCLUSION: Overall, rTMS in SUD samples is safe and well-tolerated regardless of recovery stage and substance. Most reported side effects were mild, self-limiting, and tolerable. However, AE reporting was incomplete, as 35 of 141 trials reported no safety data, limiting conclusions to reported outcomes. This evidence supports the safety of rTMS as a potential stand-alone or adjunctive treatment for SUD.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparison of the predictive performance of systemic immune-inflammation index and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for three-month poor functional outcome in ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of global mortality and disability. Early and accurate prognosis is crucial for patient management. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) are emerging inflammatory biomarkers; however, their relative predictive value for three-month poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] > 2) remains uncertain. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to 20 July 2025, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Observational studies reporting the association of SII or NLR with three-month poor outcome were included. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Area under the curve (AUC), odds ratios (OR), and standardized mean differences (SMD) were pooled using random-effects models in Stata 16.0. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies involving 7520 IS patients were analysed. NLR demonstrated marginally superior discriminative ability compared to SII (AUC 0.71, 95% CI: 0.67-0.76 vs. 0.68, 95% CI: 0.64-0.71), though this difference was not statistically significant. Elevated NLR was significantly associated with poor outcome (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.17-1.37, p < .001), whereas SII was not (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00-1.00, p = .384). Both markers showed moderate effect sizes (SMD: NLR = 0.69, SII = 0.72; p < .001). NLR performed better in non-intervention and Chinese subgroups, while SII exhibited consistent AUC values across treatment and ethnic subgroups. CONCLUSION: NLR and SII are accessible prognostic markers in IS. NLR demonstrates superior accuracy and a significant association with poor outcome, while SII shows greater stability across patient subgroups. Both may assist in risk stratification, in resource-limited settings.

Humans↗