PubMed · 8570508
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R D Scott. 1995. Bone loss: prosthetic and augmentation method.. https://doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-19950901-42
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The basic features of DNA were elucidated during the half-century following the discovery of the double helix. But it is only during the past decade that researchers have been able to manipulate single molecules of DNA to make direct measurements of its mechanical properties. These studies have illuminated the nature of interactions between DNA and proteins, the constraints within which the cellular machinery operates, and the forces created by DNA-dependent motors.
The main objective of this study was to develop a hybrid neuro-fuzzy system for estimating the magnitude of EMG responses of 10 trunk muscles based on two lifting task variables (trunk velocity and trunk moment) as model inputs. The input and output variables were represented using the fuzzy membership functions. The initial fuzzy rules were generated by the neural network using true EMG data. Two different laboratory-derived EMG data sets were used for model development and validation, respectively. The mean absolute error (MAE) between the actual and model-estimated normalized EMG values was calculated. Across all muscles, the average value of MAE was 8.43% (SD=2.87%) of the normalized EMG data. The larger absolute errors occurred in the left side of the trunk, which exhibited higher levels of muscular activity. Overall, the developed model was capable of estimating the normalized EMG values with average value of the mean absolute differences of 6.4%. It was hypothesized that model performance could be improved by increasing the number of inputs, including additional task variables as well as the subjects' characteristics.
An unconscious 8 weeks old infant was admitted to hospital and found to have bilateral, subdural and retinal haemorrhages. He died the following day. The explanation for the subdural haemorrhage put forward by his carers was that the infant had been in a baby-rocker and that the carers had seen the rocker being rocked vigorously by their 14 months old daughter on two separate occasions. This paper describes the biomechanics of an infant model in the particular baby-rocker used and determines the maximum forces generated, comparing them with the 'forces' thought to be compatible with the causation of subdural haemorrhage.