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PubMed · 7969287

Targeted HIV-prevention programs.

D C Des Jarlais·N S Padian·W Winkelstein
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Abstract

An effective program to prevent HIV infection must have both universal and targeted components. The universal component includes reducing HIV-related discrimination, removing commercial restrictions on the materials necessary for safer behavior, and providing information about the risk of HIV. The targeted component involves focusing the limited resources for intensive programs of behavioral change on situations in which the risk of HIV transmission is highest. Such a strategy would follow the dictum "Warn widely and spend wisely."

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Communicable Disease ControlHIV InfectionsHealth EducationHumansPoliticsPublic PolicyRisk-TakingUnited StatesJournal Article

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D C Des Jarlais, N S Padian, W Winkelstein. 1994-11-24. Targeted HIV-prevention programs.. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejm199411243312112

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PubMed2000

[Medico-economic analysis of nosocomial infections].

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine analyses of the micro-economic and macro-economic consequences of hospital-acquired nosocomial infections. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a critical analysis of the methods reported in the literature for economic estimations of the cost of nosocomial infections and determined the objectives that can be assigned to them. DISCUSSION: Macro-economic estimations of the consequences of nosocomial infections clearly have methodological limitations but nevertheless have an important impact since concern about global cost of nosocomial infections is a persuasive argument in favor of prevention programs. Studies based on calculating the estimated mean cost by type of nosocomial infection cannot alone provide a sufficiently reliable data to determine the pertinence of preventive strategies. Cost-efficiency studies (cost per year of saved life, or cost per nosocomial infection avoided) appear to be more adapted. CONCLUSION: One must carefully examine the underlying methodology when using cost-efficacy ratios associated with different strategies as a decision-making tool.

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