PubMed · 6945199
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G Keszthelyi, I Szabó, K Trombitás. 1981. [Abrasive materials in toothpaste].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6945199/
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Dentine sensitivity is a painful clinical conditions that can affect up to 35% of the population at any one time. Both professionally available (in-office) or commercially available (over-the-counter) products have been used to treat dentine sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether selected in-office desensitizing agents occluded dentine tubules in the dentine disc model. Both surface effects and tubule penetration of the five selected test products were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The results of the present study appeared to demonstrate that all of the applied desensitizing agents produced some occlusion of the tubules although the level of coverage and occlusion varied between the products. Of all the agents tested, ferric oxalate, the active ingredient of Sensodyne Sealant, produced crystal-like structures which occluded a higher proportion of the tubules across the dentine disc surface. ALL-BOND 2 and One-Step (both light-cured primer systems) produced similar crystal-like structures and, although coverage was not uniform across the disc surface, there was some reduction in tubule diameter. These three products, however, appeared to be more effective than either Butler Protect (potassium oxalate) or Oxa-gel (potassium oxalate in a gel) where there was a marked decrease in both the level of coverage and tubule occlusion. Both quantitative and functional studies are required in order to determine the effects of these agents on dentine permeability (fluid flow) as well as clinical studies to determine their effectiveness over time in reducing pain arising from dentine sensitivity.
The increasing emphasis on dental aesthetics has made tooth whitening an important function of a dentifrice. This laboratory study investigated the whitening effect of toothbrushing with sodium bicarbonate-based dentifrices compared with standard dentifrices that do not contain sodium bicarbonate. Six dentifrices and a distilled water control were tested for their ability to whiten teeth with intrinsic stain. The dentifrices contained different abrasive systems: (1) 45% NaHCO3; (2) 65% NaHCO3 (Arm and Hammer Dental Care); (3) 94% NaHCO3; (4) 94% NaHCO3 + 1.5% H2O2; (5) silica (Crest Regular Toothpaste); and (6) dicalcium phosphate (Colgate Regular Toothpaste). After a thorough rubber cup cleaning with a pumice slurry, the intrinsic color of the test teeth with a Vita shade of A3 or darker was measured with a spectrophotometer using the standard L*a*b* color scale. Measurements were taken on a total of 12 teeth per test dentifrice before treatment, and after 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes of mechanical toothbrushing. No changes in L* (lightness/brightness) or a* (red-green hue) occurred, but significant differences in b* (yellow-blue hue) were observed over time. Compared to baseline tooth color, all four sodium bicarbonate-based dentifrices were significantly effective in removing the yellow intrinsic tooth stain, while the water control, silica dentifrice, and dicalcium phosphate dentifrice demonstrated no significant change. Between-group comparisons showed that the four dentifrices containing sodium bicarbonate were significantly more effective than the water and dicalcium phosphate dentifrice groups. The commercial dentifrice containing 65% sodium bicarbonate was also more effective than the commercial silica dentifrice. Although continued toothbrushing from 30 to 120 minutes resulted in additional stain removal, most of the tooth whitening by the sodium bicarbonate-based dentifrices occurred in the first 30 minutes of brushing. In the studies conducted, dentifrices containing high concentrations of sodium bicarbonate were more effective at removing intrinsic tooth stain than dentifrices that do not contain sodium bicarbonate.
The effect of Sensodyne dentifrice, which contains strontium chloride hexahydrate, on the occlusion of dentinal tubules was studied in vivo and in vitro. Eight premolar teeth scheduled for extraction for orthodontic purposes were used. Four of the teeth were extracted before Sensodyne application (in vitro). The other four teeth were treated in vivo and then extracted. A patch of enamel was removed from all the teeth to expose the dentinal surfaces, and the smear layer over the exposed area was removed. In the in vivo test, the patients were instructed to brush their teeth for 1 minute, twice a day, for 2 weeks. The teeth were then extracted and kept in distilled water until examined by scanning electron microscope. The in vitro teeth were brushed in the same manner and kept in distilled water between brushings. Most of the in vitro dentinal tubules were found to be open, whereas most of the in vivo dentinal tubules were occluded.