Vision and reading disability: research problems.

Abstract

This paper reviews and analyzes the methodological problems of the studies of the relationship of vision and reading disability. Procedures that lead to false positive and false negative findings are discussed. False positive findings can be due to problems in subject selection procedures and criteria, failure to take into account correction of vision problems, use of unselected comparison groups, using unskilled testers, small sample size, and data analysis problems. False negative findings can be due to experimenter expectations, lack of a comparison group, statistical tests and use of clinical samples and failure to rule out competing explanations.