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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Drug research: a comparison of ongoing research and perceived research priorities.

Since drug abuse results in high costs to the community, it is vital that research funding be allocated in a way which ensures a maximum improvement in health for the money spent. This study explores the extent to which current research into drug and alcohol abuse in Australia reflects perceived research priorities. Two hundred and seventy-four ongoing research projects into drug and alcohol misuse were identified. Researchers currently working in this area were surveyed to ascertain perceived research priorities in terms of the drug studied, the type of data collected and the setting in which the study occurred. A comparison of ongoing projects with perceived research priorities indicated considerable discrepancies. Fewer intervention projects and more studies in laboratory and clinical settings were being undertaken than was perceived as desirable by the researchers. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for strategies for distributing research funds.

Australia↗
PubMed1990

The Chief Scientist reports ... hearing research at the Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research (Scottish Section).

In addition to conducting research with the Section's own resources from the MRC and the Scottish Home and Health Department, the Section stimulates collaborative clinical research with the University and Health Service Departments. This work would be unlikely to take place without the existence of the Scottish Section of the MRC Institute of Hearing Research. Its presence has contributed to the continuing recognition of the Royal Infirmary Departments as an attractive centre for postgraduate training by both British and overseas graduates, leading in time to a substantial body of clinical research in ENT. This close interlinking between a research unit and an academic otolaryngology department is most unusual in the UK and encourages a programme which contains elements of readily applicable clinical research. Clinical and scientific environments are mutually stimulating, so the Section also incorporates in Glasgow some more fundamental laboratory-based studies also, which aim to investigate underlying issues in the diagnosis and management of otological conditions.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1991

Research for the research phobic: developing research expertise in hospital social work.

The need for professional accountability and empirically based practice in hospital social work is growing. Yet, many clinicians are hampered by doubts about their knowledge and skill in research. A staff development program was designed by the author to increase staff awareness of empirical practice techniques and to reduce staff anxiety about their ability to consume and produce research. The program combines peer support and an incremental approach to learning research skills. Many of the participants were able to complete research-related activities after completing the program.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1992

Research on symptoms versus research on syndromes. Arguments in favour of allocating more research time to the study of symptoms.

Research on symptoms may often be more fruitful than research on syndromes because: (a) the validities of psychiatric diagnoses remain questionable; (b) interview assessments of a large number of symptoms are inadequate; (c) the diagnostic approach results in problems of misclassification and confounding; (d) the dimensional/categorical issue may be more readily resolved with research using a symptom approach; (e) useful animal models of symptoms are more likely to be developed than useful animal models of syndromes; and (f) symptoms may be better phenotypes than syndromes in genetic research.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Rehabilitation research in neuromuscular diseases: current research activities and future research needs.

Rehabilitation management of individuals with neuromuscular disorders has been based primarily on clinical observation. Most investigations of treatment failed to follow sound clinical research techniques and were retrospective. In addition to using appropriate clinical research methodology, 2 parallel categories of research are desirable: investigations of the natural course of each disease, and studies of treatment outcomes. Prospective studies are needed of treatment interventions designed to include an adequate treatment group sample, control subjects matched for duration or severity of disease, supervised therapy sessions, an appropriate objective, valid and reliable measurement criterion against which to assess outcomes, and a double blind system.

Forecasting↗
PubMed2025

Autism ableism seen through research abstract contents: A mixed-methods analysis of language in NIH-funded genetic and genomic autism research.

In recent years, genetic and genomic autism research has come under increasing scrutiny, moving to the center of debates about ableism, neurodiversity, autism acceptance, and the future of research and care. At the same time, both autism research and genetics and genomics research have, as fields, begun to reckon with the significance of the language researchers use in the course of their work and the harmful ideas that may thereby be reinforced. Although the language of research cannot be assumed to straightforwardly correspond to individual researchers' beliefs, the presence of widespread ableist language may indicate structural and institutionalized ableism, including ableist assumptions at the foundations of research. We conducted a mixed-methods analysis of 166 genetic and genomic autism research projects funded by the US National Institutes of Health, in order to understand the prevalence of potentially ableist discourse, language, and stigmatizing language about autistic people. We found that such discourse and language was ubiquitous across our sample, including a discourse of prevention. This study lends empirical evidence to current debates about language in autism research. Evaluating language can prompt researchers and institutions to reflect on how they conceptualize, design, discuss, and pursue their work.Lay abstractGenetic research about autism is controversial. Researchers are starting to think more carefully about the words they use to talk about autism and the way they do their research. Past research has found that researchers sometimes write about autism in ableist ways. This means that they write about autistic people as though they are less important than nonautistic people. We looked at the way genetics researchers have written about autism in the paperwork for their research. We found that they often write about autistic people in an ableist way. We think that researchers should think carefully about the way they write about autistic people, and how they plan and do their research.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Correlates of external research support among respondents to the 1990 American Federation for Clinical Research survey.

To identify correlates of external funding for research, a mail survey of the membership of the American Federation for Clinical Research was conducted. Data were collected from 2,642 respondents on research training environment, current work environment, current sources and amounts of external research support, and probability of remaining in research. Respondents reported that they worked 62.4 +/- 20.4 hours per week, and that their dominant activities were research (37% of time), clinical responsibilities (20%), teaching (15%), and administration (13%). Nearly two-thirds reported some external research funding, including 1,371 (52%) individuals who received support as principal investigators from federal agencies. In multivariate analyses, the probability of having federal or nonprofit foundation support was positively correlated with the number of hours per week devoted to research, the number of grants submitted in the previous two years, the amount of research training during fellowship, and the presence of PhD degree recipients in the research training environment; and negatively correlated with the number of hours per week of clinical, teaching, and administrative activities, and having a PhD degree. In contrast, corporate support was positively correlated with the number of hours of total work per week, but negatively correlated with the amount of time currently devoted to research. Respondents who reported that their probability of remaining in research was decreasing had fewer months of research training, greater clinical responsibilities, and less external research support. We conclude that federal and nonprofit foundation support but not corporate support are positively correlated with the adequacy of research training and the amount of time currently devoted to research, and negatively correlated with clinical responsibilities.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1990

Research and research training in academic radiology departments. A survey of department chairmen.

We surveyed 121 chairmen of academic radiology departments to assess how these departments select and educate their residents and fellows in research. Eighty-six chairmen responded (71%). The majority of their programs select at least some of their trainees for their potential as researchers and nearly all encourage trainees to perform research. The more the selection process focuses on research, the greater the percentage of residents and fellows that participate in research during training. Nonetheless, only about one-third of residents and half of the fellows perform and publish research. Only half the programs offer formal research seminars and few trainees opt for additional research training. These results may relate to the relatively small percentage of faculty performing prospective clinical and laboratory research. These findings are disappointing in the light of previous results suggesting that performing research, publication, and formal research education during training correlate highly with the development of successful research careers. Chairmen could increase the likelihood of trainees choosing research careers and being successful in publishing research by providing early exposure to research experiences and providing formalized research training.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2025

Underrepresented populations in genomic research: a qualitative study of researchers' perspectives.

BACKGROUND: The lack of diversity in genomic data limits researchers' ability to investigate the relationships between genetic profiles, disease manifestations, and responses to new therapies. As a result, innovations in treatment could have potentially harmful effects on a significant portion of the population due to incomplete or inaccurate genomic data. In addition, the lack of harmonization in the use of population descriptors in genomic studies raises both ethical and scientific concerns regarding which descriptors should be used to study and recruit underrepresented populations. Therefore, understanding the factors contributing to the lack of diversity in genomic research is an urgent scientific, clinical, and public health priority. This study aims to explore the social and contextual factors influencing the participation of underrepresented populations in genomic research, from the perspective of researchers in the field. METHODS: A total of 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted with researchers experienced in genomic research in Canada and fluent in either French or English. The interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Researchers identified several factors contributing to the low participation of underrepresented populations in genomic research, with one key factor being the geographic distribution of research institutions and the disconnect between research efforts and the communities being studied. To address this issue, participants stressed the importance of moving away from colonial practices, such as conducting research on a community without consulting its members in the design phase. Furthermore, it was suggested that existing diversity, equity, and inclusion policies alone were insufficient to effectively address the challenge. Lastly, the study also highlighted a potential link between how study populations are categorized and the willingness of underrepresented groups to participate in genomic research. CONCLUSION: Although researchers are generally aware of the literature on the causes, consequences, and potential solutions for increasing participation, confusion remains regarding the use of population descriptors. Our findings highlight the need for improved education, greater consensus, and expanded dialogue within the genomic research community to promote the harmonization of population descriptors.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

8-4 research. Part II: DESIGNING NURSING RESEARCH--EIGHT POINTs of encounter.

In a two-part series, a proposal for research which integrates practical, technical, and political judgment is presented. Such research is called 8-4 research and is opposed to pseudotechnical research. 8-4 research is discussed as an advance over more current nursing research preoccupations. In Part I it is proposed that nursing research should be considered in terms of payoff not merely promise for nursing, that 8-4 research is a suitable paradigm for all nursing research, and that nursing research is a suitable preoccupation for any and all nursing personnel. In Part II eight points of encounter--as between 8-4 research and pseudotechnical research-pertinent to designing nursing research are given. A conception of design is proposed that displays the role of conation, drive, or intent in any designed research.

Nursing↗
PubMed1992

Strategic approaches to cancer control research in NCI-funded research bases.

Although the Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has always encouraged research on cancer prevention and control issues, the clinical cooperative groups and cancer centers that serve as CCOP "research bases" were not required to conduct cancer control research until June 1987. This article draws upon case studies of six cooperative groups and two cancer centers to examine how CCOP research bases have defined cancer control research to be compatible with their missions, restructured roles and relationships to facilitate protocol development and implementation, and routine cancer control research to make prevention and control studies an accepted component of their scientific programs. Three "deliberate" or "emergent" strategies are found to be associated with the earlier resolution of problems and more rapid assimilation of cancer control studies into research base agendas. These strategies include (1) proactive planning, such as the early formation of a Cancer Control Research Committee (CCRC) and the identification of "idea champions" to promote cancer prevention and control research; (2) a staged approach to defining and introducing cancer control research; and (3) the creation of multiple "bridging" mechanisms to link cancer prevention and control studies with ongoing research activities. Research bases were most successful in building investigator commitment to cancer control research when they framed research questions within an accepted scientific paradigm, sought out and supported investigators with an interest in cancer prevention and control questions, created CCRCs with broadly representative memberships, and widely publicized ideas for prevention and control studies.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Financial planning for surgical research. Project portfolio as an instrument for research planning].

Planning of research funding should assure both volume and continuity of economic support. Funding of new research concepts usually depends largely on the internal budget of the research institution (primary economical resources). More mature projects can be funded by governmental and non-profit (secondary) or industrial sources (tertiary economical resources). In general, a balanced proportion of financial support will assure maximal research independence. The respective funding of a research project should be regarded as extrinsic to the quality of the said project. Portfolio analysis of research projects is introduced as a new means of planning and controlling academic and industrial research. In principle, research projects will be evaluated with regard to the inherent potential of development (e.g. potential impact on clinical or scientific concepts) and the current productivity (e.g. output of results and publications). The 2-dimensional portfolio-matrix will be used to analyse these factors, manifesting both the overall activity of a research unit and the development of new research and funding strategies. In addition, repetitive project-portfolio analyses will enable control of both spending and efficiency in research. The application of the current project-portfolio method is exemplified by an analysis of the research activities of the department of surgery at the university of Basel. To date, project-portfolio analysis is not a mature method: Development of more quantitative portfolio strategies and of multidimensional project-portfolios are proposed. However, project-portfolio analysis is a promising means of planning and controlling research. It should be used and developed further in institutions with a number of concurrent research activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Why do research on research?

The importance of research evaluation is now well recognised in some quarters but this activity is being looked upon as essentially negative by others. We believe this view to be mistaken. The case for investing some money in research evaluation is essentially a very straightforward one. It is clear that a significant fraction of the money spent on research will be wasted (ie, will produce no usable data--positive or negative--on any time-scale and will be of no educational or training value). The problem is, and has always been, that there is no way of knowing in advance which fraction of the resources will be wasted. That is the nature of research and we would not argue that it could or should be otherwise. Research is about exploration and discovery and it is inevitable that some scientific endeavours will be fruitless. Research evaluation can help to minimise resource wastage and thus the case for conducting research on research is entirely positive. Analytical techniques are available to examine the ways in which we train research workers, fund research workers, and assess research outputs; and these should be applied with a view to improving the system. There is also a strong case for setting up an effective mechanism for strategic forecasting and planning, and an urgent need to take a radical look at the entire range of biomedical research activities in the UK. It is essential that the research community should take steps to evaluate its performance and adopt a positive approach to planning. If it does not do so, assessments will be made by those without a fundamental understanding of the nature of the enterprise, and the prospects for any further increases in public support would appear to be bleak.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

8-4 Research. Part 1: a stance for nursing research--tenacity or inquiry.

In a two-part series, a/proprosal is presented for implementation research which integrates practical, technical, and political judgment. This implementation research--or 8-4 research--is contrasted with pseudo-technical research. In Part I it is proposed that nursing research should be assessed in terms of payoff for nursing rather than promise for nursing, that 8-j research is a suitable paradigm for all nursing research, and that nursing research is a suitable preoccupation for any and all nursing personnel. Part II (to appear in the May-June 1975 Nursing Research) develops eight points of encounter--as between 8-4 research and pseudotechnical research--pertinent to designing nursing research. A conception of design is proposed that displays an appropriate role for conation, drive, or intent in any designed research.

Consumer Behavior↗