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Biomedical subjects

J D Grisham

Publications and source records attributed to J D Grisham.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Vergence orthoptics: validity and persistence of the training effect.

The validity and permanence of orthoptic treatment for vergence deficiencies requires investigation due to the subjective nature of determining success in most clinical cases, i.e., the amelioration of symptoms and increases in vergence ranges. The relation between Risley prism vergences, a subjective measure, and vergence tracking rate, an objective index, is investigated. The course of orthoptics progress is compared in cases of clinical vergence dysfunction. Vergence-deficient control subjects showed no significant change in either index. However, trained subjects demonstrated rapid increases in both indices. The persistence of the training effect was monitored for up to 9 months. No regression was observed in subjects who met all release criteria, but one subject who chose to terminate therapy early showed a slow regression in tracking rate and recurrence of symptoms. These data support the validity of vergence training and increase the plausibility of previous clinical reports of orthoptics success.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Visual therapy results for convergence insufficiency: a literature review.

This paper is a review of the literature relative to treatment results for convergence insufficiency utilizing vision therapy training procedures. Vision therapy is shown to improve the nearpoint of convergence and fusional convergence and to ameliorate associated symptoms. The overall cure rate is 72%. Furthermore, the training results appear to persist for at least 2 years if the patients are initially cured and are independent of age until the late presbyopic years. Also, recent studies indicate the type of training procedures which yield the most effective training results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Binocular anomalies and reading problems.

This paper reviews and evaluates the research literature on the relationship of binocular anomalies to reading problems. The weight of the evidence supports a positive relationship between certain binocular anomalies and reading problems. The evidence is positive for exophoria at near, fusional vergence reserves, aniseikonia, anisometropia, convergence insufficiency, and fixation disparity. There is some weak positive evidence for esophoria at near and mixed evidence for stereopsis. The evidence on lateral phorias at distance is negative.

Aniseikonia↗
PubMed1986

Refractive error and the reading process: a literature analysis.

The literature analysis of refractive error and reading performance includes only those studies which adhere to the rudaments of scientific investigation. The relative strengths and weaknesses of each study are described and conclusions are drawn where possible. Hyperopia and anisometropia appear to be related to poor reading progress and their correction seems to result in improved performance. Reduced distance visual acuity and myopia are not generally associated with reading difficulties. There is little evidence relating astigmatism and reading, but studies have not been adequately designed to draw conclusions. Implications for school vision screening are discussed.

Astigmatism↗
PubMed1986

Vision and reading disability: research problems.

This paper reviews and analyzes the methodological problems of the studies of the relationship of vision and reading disability. Procedures that lead to false positive and false negative findings are discussed. False positive findings can be due to problems in subject selection procedures and criteria, failure to take into account correction of vision problems, use of unselected comparison groups, using unskilled testers, small sample size, and data analysis problems. False negative findings can be due to experimenter expectations, lack of a comparison group, statistical tests and use of clinical samples and failure to rule out competing explanations.

Dyslexia↗
PubMed1976

Correcting high anisometropia: two case reports.

In the cases reported, the anisometropia had not been corrected previously. Despite the common belief that such a correction would induce intolerable symptoms in adults, both patients successfully adapted to the full correction within a few days, showing marked improvement in binocular vision skills.

Adult↗