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Abstract

Considering the accumulation of many facts, actually, in all branches of science the lack is felt of extensive and fundamental generalizations, of theories which would be in a position to explain these facts. The same holds true for medicine, where, periodically discussions are resumed on various theories of diseases and on the general theory of pathology. Pathology is determined by four elements: accumulation of experimental data, specific research ethods, hypotheses and theories and philosophical basis of the pathological theory--its methodological principles. These elements are not uniformly developed, the first anticipating the remainder. Such a controversy proves to be an internal source of the theory development. As a science, general pathology undergoes constant differentiation. However, the process of differentiation presupposes also integration of the knowledge within the limits of pathology, i.e. the creation of a scientific theory of the disease, which constitutes a rather complex task. The marx-leninist philosophy teaches us that the scientific explanation of the essence of the disease and the general pathologic doctrine of modern medicine as well should be based on the following methodological principles: evolution, complexity, structure, determinism and dynamism. The general pathological doctrine of living systems' reactivity meets these principles, since reactivity is their commonest property and therefore should be considered as a unified general pathological doctrine of modern medicine. It involves not merely the cited above, previous theories, but also the theory for the general adaptational syndrome of G. Sellier and the reflex theory of I. P. Pavlov. ...