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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Recruitment of pathology trainees. Recent trends from the 1989 Association of Pathology Chairmen's Survey of first-year pathology residents.

The evolving pathology manpower shortage requires that we examine recruitment issues closely. We present data from the 1989 Association of Pathology Chairmen residents' questionnaire and analyze the most important recruitment patterns. Of 685 first-year pathology residents in 1989, 451 (66%) responded to the survey. When compared with other specialties, 1989 pathology residents are older (mean age, 30.1 years), more frequently women (38%), more often foreign medical graduates (23%), and more commonly have MD/PhD degrees (7.8%). Among pathology residents, the fifth year of required training is the most important negative factor in choosing pathology. Over 50% of 1989 first-year pathology residents changed their mind about another specialty to enter pathology; 37% chose pathology only after graduating from medical school. In 1988 and 1989, 63% of first-year pathology residents responding to the Association of Pathology Chairmen residents' questionnaire indicated that role models were an important factor in their specialty choice. The most typical role model was a male pathologist, approximately 47 to 48 years old. Role model influence tended to be greater for those residents who decided to enter pathology earlier in medical school. Nevertheless, over 50% of those residents who decided to enter pathology after medical school claimed that role model influence was important in their choice. Role models remain a valuable resource for improved recruitment into pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Considerations on a pathology of the diaphragm. 1st Report: the pathology of the diaphragm as a part of a pathology of respiration (author's transl)].

The first part of this paper deals with the idea of a "pathology of the diaphragm" and its special relations to the respiration on phylogenetical and ontogenetical base. A pathology of diaphragm does not exist until now. The diaphragm represents an important respiration organ in orthological and pathological conditions. The function of this organ is described and derivated from its specific anatomical structure and topographical site. In this conception the pathology of the diaphragm is a part of the complex pathology of the respiration. A systematic presentation of diaphragm diseases will follow in a second part of this paper.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathological gambling: a clinical and therapeutic-evolutive study of a group of pathologic gamblers].

Gambling dependence or pathological gambling is a psychiatric disorder, recognised as such by the North American Psychiatric Association since 1980. Since 1981 we are carrying out a treatment program for patients who suffer from pathological gambling at the Psychiatric Service of "Ramón y Cajal" Hospital. There is an individualized treatment for each patient and their inclusion in group therapy discussions. We present a descriptive study of the most representative socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic-evolutive data of 46 patients following treatment in our program. All fulfill the diagnostic criteria of DSM III-R for pathological gambling. They were 37 males and 9 females, with an average age of 39 years. More than half of the patients (58%) were consumers of alcoholic beverages; the drug consumption index found was 4% and practically they all were smokers (87%). The excessive drinking and pathological gambling incidence found among family were 35% and 20% respectively. Our therapeutic results support the idea that pathological gambling is a treatable disorder. After an average of two years following treatment 46% of our patients stopped or notably reduced its impulse to gamble. The high incidence of alcohol or drugs consumption among pathological gamblers and their families suggest a biological and psychological relationship between pathological gambling and the classical addictive disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Continuing eco-pathological survey: 4. Demonstration of pathologic associations in dairy cow stock: herd data].

Data concerning frequencies of 17 main diseases in 59 dairy farms from continual eco-pathological survey, are analyzed by classical regression test, principal components analysis and analysis of variance. Thirty-three statistical relations (positive simple correlations) are shown. Clinical mastitis and retained placenta are associated to nine diseases each, metritis, stillbirth and non-infectious foot disorders to six, dystocia and infectious foot disorders to four, pathology of calf and abortion to three, mammary edema and appetite disorders to two. Ovarian pathology, digestive disorders and teat lesions are "isolated", being associated to only one other disease. The pathological frequencies in dairy farms seem to change in the same way, indicating the existence of common risk factors, and leading to propose a global hygienic prevention. The pathological associations allow to definite some groups of dairy farms showing one or other dominant pathological complex. In the frame of our sample of dairy farms, two groups seem to be determined: one with calving disorders and calf pathology centred on retained placenta, the other with foot disorders, infectious and metabolic troubles, centred on mastitis, as dominant diseases.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1988

Multicenter validation study of real-time ultrasonography, arteriography, and pathology: pathologic evaluation of carotid endarterectomy specimens.

The morphologic description and measurements of endarterectomy specimens are usually believed to be accurate and are used as the gold standard against which the findings of diagnostic procedures are judged. Pathology data on 289 endarterectomy specimens from five participating centers and the corresponding angiography and B-mode ultrasonography data provided a basis for scrutinizing the validity of using the morphologic measurements as a standard. Discrepancies of greater than 1 mm between pathology and angiography measurements of minimum residual lumen occurred in 35% of the cases and between pathology and B-mode ultrasonography measurements in 64% of the cases. Discrepancies of greater than 1 mm between pathology- and angiography-measured lesion width occurred in 81% of the cases and between pathology and B-mode ultrasonography measurements in 64% of the cases. The cases representing mismatches of greater than 1 mm at one participating center were subjected to a rigorous review, with remeasurement of all morphologic features, in an attempt to explain the discrepancies. Various types of artifactual distortion of the specimens, the presence of slit-like and occluded lumens that were likely related to loss of perfusion pressure, and an inability to match planes of interrogation used in angiography and B-mode ultrasonography with pathology planes contributed significantly to the existence of mismatches. On the other hand, fixation and decalcification produced minimal and insignificant distortional changes. We conclude that the acquisition of quantitative data from endarterectomy specimens and the acceptance of morphologic data as a standard are limited by a number of problems that can be defined but have been difficult to resolve.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1987

The pathology curriculum in US medical schools. 1986 survey by the Association of Pathology Chairmen.

Responses to questionnaires on teaching pathology to medical students from 71.6% of US medical schools indicate the following: (1) average class size continues to decrease; (2) in very few schools is instruction entirely interdisciplinary; (3) use of small-group teaching has increased slightly since 1982; (4) average curriculum time remains 250 hours per year; (5) clinical pathology instruction is frequently integrated with systemic pathology (mean time allocation, 40 hours per year); (6) lecture and study of gross and microscopic specimens remain mainstays of instruction; (7) honors/pass/fail grading systems are used by 54.7% of respondents (none use class rank); (8) multiple-choice examinations are a major method of evaluation; (9) graduates seeking post-medical degree training in pathology range from 0% to 6% of each class (mean, 2.13%); and (10) problems most often encountered are that there are too many students per class, and that students are unprepared for pathology.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1975

[Pathology in the U.S.A. A glut of pathologists, the role of the autopsy and the future of the "clinical pathology"].

This analysis deals with selected questions regarding the status of pathology in the United States. For a long time, the number of pathologists, both in practice and in training, had been deemed inadequate, but present trends indicate the existence of a considerable surplus of specialists in this discipline. The autopsy is still an important field of endeavor for the American pathologist even tbhough autopsy rates have drastically declined everywhere and the exact role of this procedure is being reevaluated. The concept of "clinical pathology" which seeks to encompass a whole conglomerate of heterogeneous disciplines and still dominates the practice of pathology in North America has come under attack; some observers plead for the total separation of laboratory medicine from pathology as well as for the systematic and intensive development of subspecialties within the field of pathology.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1979

[The development of child pathology within the framework of pathology and pediatrics. A medico-historical review].

1. The history of child pathology is derived from the description of the development of the an pathological anatomy and paediatry. 2. The pathological anatomy of infancy is basing on the research results of the general and special pathology, the pathological physiology and the clinical medicine by the help of the experiment and the knowledges of biology, chemistry, and physics. 3. Further decisive impulses are given by social medicine.

Allergy and Immunology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suggested procedures for reducing the pathology workload in a carcinogen bioassay program, Part II: Incorporating blind pathology techniques and analysis for animals with tumors.

Large testing programs have been set up to help assess the carcinogenic potential of chemicals introduced into the environment. Most test protocols used in these programs require extensive pathologic evaluations of all test and control animals. In Part I we proposed modifications to such complete pathology protocols which would allow substantial reduction in pathology workload while making only small changes in the operational character of the screen. The modifications suggested did require that slides from controls and treatment animals be handled differently and they did not call for a total tumor analysis (i.e. they do not allow blind pathology). In this paper we discuss how blind pathology can be incorporated and suggest a procedure to recover the "total tumor" aspect. It is emphasized that these modifications should be regarded as a starting point for further discussion and that we encourage comments from all interested scientists.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Pathologic studies in colorectal cancer. A guide to the surgical pathology examination of colorectal specimens and review of features of prognostic significance.

The results of a careful and systematic examination of surgical specimens from patients with tumors of the colorectum play an important role in patient care and the assessment of prognosis. An accurate and detailed gross examination of the specimen is important. Photographs and line drawings are very useful. Proper handling of the specimen and fixation for 24 to 48 hours are essential before satisfactory blocks can be taken for sectioning. Lymph nodes adjacent to the lesion and at the point of ligation of the vascular pedicle should be removed for sectioning. Multiple blocks of the tumor and adjacent tissues should be taken for histologic study. All blocks should be appropriately labeled and properly identified. I have found the use of large sections of the entire lesion a very satisfactory method of studying cancers and polyps; in such preparations the anatomic relationships remain undisturbed. The pathology report should include information on the site or sites of tumor, the size, configuration, and circumference of the bowel wall involved, obstruction, distance of the resected margin from the tumor, depth of infiltration, tumor grade, tumor margin, local inflammatory reaction, lymph node involvement and location, and venous and perineural invasions. There is evidence in the literature to suggest that all of the above pathologic features are either essential or desirable for pathology reports and have varying degrees of prognostic value. The literature on the prognostic value of immunomorphologic features in nontumorous regional lymph nodes is contradictory. Cortical, paracortical, and sinus hyperplasia have been reported to be both associated with or to have no relation to prognosis. However, careful documentation of the changes in lymph nodes may in time shed light on their value, if any, with regard to survival. We have found a standardized pathology reporting system very useful in compiling data and evaluating patient prognosis. Moreover, this system of reporting can be used as a method of quality control in establishing minimum standards for data collection, as originally suggested by Buckwalter and Kent. In a regional multiinstitutional study such as ours, differences attributable to subjective variations among different observers are likely to occur, and may have some bearing when different pathologic features are eventually correlated with survival.

Adenocarcinoma↗