PubMed · 11612735
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K H Leven. 1991. [Not Available].. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11612735/
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Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and conventional active sampling methods were used for the sampling of wastewater from the wastewater treatment plant of Thessaloniki, northern Greece. The occurrence of 22 POPs was shown by both sampling methods. The most abundant compounds were heptachlor-exo-epoxide and PCBs-52; -101 and -180. Concentrations of POPs detected by active sampling and those estimated by the SPMDs matched very well in some cases, but significant mismatches were also observed. Regression analysis of the results detected by both methods showed moderate correlations. The highest uptake rate of hydrophobic compounds by SPMDs was observed for analytes with log K(OW) between 5.5 and 6.0. Our data suggest that active and passive sampling are complimentary, and that at least for the outflow of a WWTP, SPMDs could be used for the routine monitoring of compounds that are listed at the Water Framework Directive of the European Commissions.
BACKGROUND: Smoking is one of the largest public heath problems and a cause of major concern not only among European members such as Greece but also worldwide. Greece over the past years has been suffering from a smoking epidemic with dramatic consequences on the economy and the cost of health services. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe the extent of tobacco usage, the methods used to control tobacco consumption, and the main reasons of anti-tobacco legislation failure over the past decades in Greece. METHODS: Data were collected from the international PubMed database and from the Greek database, Iatrotek, during January 2006 and the tobacco legislation was discussed with other counterparts in Greece and was rechecked with the Greek ministry of Health and Social Welfare. RESULTS: Currently Greece has the highest smoking prevalence not only among members of the European Union but also among all members of the OECD. Recent epidemiological studies estimate that 40% of the adult population are daily smokers, with one in two adolescents in certain areas also current smokers. Although anti-smoking policies do exist, and have been enforced over the years, many factors have contributed to their failure with a pro-tobacco culture and an increasing number of adolescent smokers exacerbating the problem. CONCLUSIONS: It is obvious that the strict enforcement of a nationwide anti-tobacco policy must be a priority on the national health agenda, if we are to ever effectively combat the high prevalence of smoking in Greece.
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