PubMed · 10971883
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D Marquis. Gender and euthanasia.. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10971883/
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OBJECTIVE: The legal delay for abortion in France has recently been prolonged from 10 (12 weeks of amenorrhea) to 12 weeks (14 weeks of amenorrhea). With the progress in sonography, certain foetuses may exhibit malformations during the first trimester. Diagnosis of foetal gender at 12 weeks of amenorrhea is sometimes possible. We studied the possibility that the prolonged legal delay before abortion might incite women to abort, simply on sonographic criteria. METHODS: Our enquiry was conducted in March 2001 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the Jean Verdier hospital in Bondy. Two questionnaires were drawn-up by the Medical Ethics Laboratory of the Necker Hospital in Paris and were distributed to 128 women and 24 nurses. RESULTS: Recourse to abortion was high if laparoschisis or the absence of a hand was revealed, low in the case of opacity of the neck, and almost inexistent in the case of unwanted gender, in a female population with less than one child. CONCLUSION: A national consensus on foetal abnormalities to be searched for, and not to be searched for (Number of fingers? Upper lip?...) and the eventual detection of the gender during sonography of the 1st trimester is urgent in view of the technological progress made. Clear and reassuring information is essential when confronted with foetal abnormalities and must lead to complete and precise antenatal diagnosis (caryotyping, sonographic control 2 or 3 weeks later).
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Recent court decisions, for instance in South Africa and Latin America, have held states bound to respect and serve HIV/AIDS patients' human rights to indicated and available medical care. HIV/AIDS is estimated to affect over 36 million people worldwide, including 16.4 million women of reproductive age. In the last 20 years, nearly 58 million people have been infected. This article reviews national responses to mounting concern with the HIV/AIDS pandemic, particularly in China, India and Africa, medical professional responses, notably by the World Medical Association, and international guidelines on human rights responses. These pay special attention to patients' rights to be treated without discrimination. It addresses national and international approaches to advancing HIV prevention, treatment and research on which UNAIDS and the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights have collaborated. Special issues in clinical care concern abortion services for HIV-positive women, breastfeeding and patients' involvement in research.